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  • 1
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    Space medicine policy development for the International Space Station (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0094-5765
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2030
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Gastrointestinal motility in space motion sickness (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Gastrointestinal symptoms in space motion sickness (SMS) are significantly different from those in ordinary motion sickness (MS). Recording and tabulation of sounds was the only technique that could be used as a measure of motility during spaceflight operations. There were 17 subjects, six unaffected by SMS, who made ambulatory recordings preflight and inflight. With one exception, all those affected had sharply reduced sounds, while those unaffected had increases or moderate reductions. The mechanism of vomiting in SMS appears to be secondary to this ileus, in contrast to vomiting in ordinary MS, where the emesis center is thought to be directly triggered by the vestibular system.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562); 58; A16-A21
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Fluid shifts in weightlessness (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Studies of leg volumes in space by multiple girth measurements showed reductions of 1.9 l (12.8 percent of leg volume), with 1.1 l from the nondominant leg, on Skylab 4. On landing, 65 percent of postflight leg volume increase was complete at 1.5 h. Measurement of the dominant leg during the equivalent period on Shuttle showed a mean loss of 0.9 l which was 90-percent complete at 150 min. Postflight increases were 87-percent complete at 1.5 h postlanding. Mass measurements during and after Skylab 4 showed a loss of 2.5 kg over the first 4 d on orbit, with a gain of 2.7 kg over the first 4 d of recovery. These changes are assumed to be tissue fluids secondary to changes in hydrostatic pressures and are much greater than those seen in bed rest. Rate and magnitude of inflight and postflight changes have significant operational impact.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562); 58; A86-A90
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Clinical characterization and etiology of space motion sickness (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An inflight, clinically-oriented investigation of space motion sickness (SMS) was begun on STS-4 and revealed the following: compared to motion sickness (MS) on earth, automatic signs are significantly different in SMS vs. MS in that sweating is not present, pallor or flushing may be present, and vomiting is episodic, sudden, and brief. Postflight there is a period of resistance to all forms of MS. There is some evidence for individual reduction in sensitivity on repeated flights. Electrooculogram, audio-evoked potentials, measurement of fluid shifts, and other studies are inconsistent with a transient vestibular hydrops or increased intracranial pressure as a cause.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562); 58; A1-A8
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Space technology in remote health care (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Crews and passengers on future long-duration Earth orbital and interplanetary missions must be provided quality health services - to combat illnesses and accidental injuries, and for routine preventive care. People on Earth-orbital missions can be returned relatively easily to Earth, but those on interplanetary missions cannot. Accordingly, crews on long-duration missions will likely include at least one specially trained person, perhaps a physician's assistant, hospital corpsman, nurse, or physician who will be responsible for providing onboard health services. Specifically, we must determine the most effective way to administer health care to a remotely located population. NASA with the cooperation of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare is pursuing a program for providing health services to remote locations on Earth as a necessary step to developing and verifying this capability on a spacecraft. The STARPAHC program is described.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA, Washington, International Telemedicine(Disaster Medicine Conference: Papers and Presentations; 7 p
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Thyroid Function Changes Related to Use of Iodinated Water in United States Space Program (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has used iodination as a method of microbial disinfection of potable water systems in United States spacecraft and long-duration habitability modules. A review of the effects on the thyroid following consumption o iodinated water by NASA astronauts was conducted. Pharmacological doses of iodine consumed by astronauts transiently decreased thyroid function, as reflected in serum TSH values. Although the adverse effects of excess iodine consumption in susceptible individuals are well documented, exposure to high doses of iodine during space flight did not result in a statistically significant increase in long-term thyroid disease in the astronaut population.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Therapeutic effectiveness of medications taken during spaceflight (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The therapeutic effectiveness of medications during spaceflight is considered in light of extensive anecdotal and experimental evidence. Attention is given to a range of medications for space motion sickness, sleeplessness, and physical discomfort. About 70 individual cases are reviewed in which crewmembers used such medications as: (1) scopolamine hydrobromide, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and promethazine hydrochloride for motion sickness; (2) metoclopramide hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride for bowel motility; and (3) aspirin and acetaminophen for headache and back pain. The effectiveness of orally ingested medications for space motion sickness is shown to be very low, while promethazine hydrochloride is effective when administered intramuscularly. The medications for pain are shown to be generally effective, and the use of sleep-inducing medications is limited by potentially detrimental performance effects.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: IAF PAPER 92-0265
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex during space flight (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex was studied in 16 subjects on 4 Space Shuttle missions. Eye movements were recorded by electro-oculography while subjects fixated a head mounted target during active sinusoidal head oscillation at 0.3 Hz. Adequacy of suppression was evaluated by the number of nystagmus beats, the mean amplitude of each beat, and the cumulative amplitude of nystagmus during two head oscillation cycles. Vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression was unaffected by space flight. Subjects with space motion sickness during flight had significantly more nystagmus beats than unaffected individuals. These susceptible subjects also tended to have more nystagmus beats before flight.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-TM-102157 , S-598 , NAS 1.15:102157
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Studies of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex on STS 7 and 8 (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Unpaced voluntary horizontal head oscillation was used to study the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) on Shuttle flights STS 7 and 8. Ten subjects performed head oscillations at 0.33 Hz + or - 30 deg amplitude under the followng conditions: VVOR (visual VOR), eyes open and fixed on a stationary target; VOR-EC, with eyes closed and fixed on the same target in imagination; and VOR-S (VOR suppression), with eyes open and fixed on a head-synchronized target. Effects of weightlessness, flight phase, and Space Motion Sickness (SMS) on head oscillation characteristics were examined. A significant increase in head oscillation frequency was noted inflight in subjects free from SMS. In subjects susceptible to SMS, frequency was reduced during their Symptomatic period. The data also suggest that the amplitude and peak velocity of head oscillation were reduced early inflight. No significant changes were noted in reflex gain or phase in any of the test conditions; however, there was a suggestion of an increase in VVOR and VOR-ES gain early inflight in asymptomatic subjects. A significant difference in VOR-S was found between SMS susceptible and non-susceptible subjects. There is no evidence that any changes in VOR characteristics contributed to SMS.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-TM-100468 , S-583 , NAS 1.15:100468
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Eye and head motion during head turns in spaceflight (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Eye-head motion was studied pre-, in- and postflight during single voluntary head turns. A transient increase in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain occurred early in the flight, but later trended toward normal. This increased gain was produced by a relative increase in eye counterrotation velocity. Asymmetries in gain with right and left turns also occurred, caused by asymmetries in eye counterrotation velocities. These findings were remarkably similar to those from Soviet primate studies using gaze fixation targets, except the human study trended more rapidly toward normal. These findings differ substantially from those measuring VOR gain by head oscillation, in which no significant changes were found inflight. No visual disturbances were noted in either test condition or in normal activities. These head turn studies are the only ones to date documenting any functional change in VOR in weightlessness.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-TM-100466 , S-580 , NAS 1.15:100466
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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