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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 180 (1957), S. 1118-1120 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] These theories, which should be tested on systems composed of small, symmetrical, non-polar molecules, predict that VE can either be positive or negative. Qualitatively, differences in E tend to give rise to a contraction on mixing, and differences in r to an expansion. Fig. 1. Plot of the volume ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 181 (1958), S. 831-831 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Using cylinder gases of the highest purity obtainable, further purified by fractional distillation, we have measured the vapour pressure of oxygen at the triple point of argon, the liquid oxygen being contained in a small bulb surrounded by argon which had just started to melt. The manometer used ...
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0039-9140
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 157-163 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Endopiza viteana ; grape berry moth ; Tortricidae ; cold hardiness ; grape pest ; winter survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Labor und Freilandversuche wurden unternommen um den potenziellen Einfluss von Wintersterben auf subsequenten Wurmbefall des nordamerikanischen Traubenwicklers Endopiza viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) auszuwerten. Die niedrigste Temperatur wobei Puppen ueberleben konnten ist durch Ueberkuehlungstemperaturen der Puppen gemessen worden. Fuer das ueberwinternde Stadium (in Diapause) einer Laborkolonie lag diese Temperatur durchschnittlich bei minus 25.2 °C in Dezember, minus 24.3 °C in Maerz, und minus 24.0 °C in April. Der Ueberkuehlungspunkt lag um minus 23.3 °C im Durchschnitt fuer Laborkolonie Puppen die waehrend der Diapause von Dezember bis Maerz im Freiland ausgesetzt wurden. Der Ueberkuehlungspunkt von Sommerstadien von der gleichen Kolonie lag im Vergleich um minus 21.6 °C im Maerz. Signifikante Sterblichkeit (um 80%) der Traubenwicklerpuppen wurde bemerkt nach 24 Stunden bei minus 21 °C. Vergleichbar war die Sterblichkeit nach einer Woche bei minus 15 °C. Nach 8 Monaten bei 3 °C ueberlebten 84% der Puppen in Diapause; 60% der Puppen nicht in Diapause starben nach 7 Tage bei 3 °C. Das Ueberlebensprozent diapausierender Puppen im Freien war signifikant hoeher auf der Erdoberflaeche als fuer die 1 m ueber der Oberflaeche. Mehr Puppen ueberlebten bei 75% relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit als bei 0% oder umgebender Luftfeuchtigkeit. In 1986–1987 und 1987–1988 Puppen die mit Schnee oder Laub bedeckt waren, ueberlebten prozentual mehr als die ohne jedes Bedeckungsmaterial. Die Ergebnisse werden im Kontext ihrer potenzieller Verwendung fuer Kontrolle des Traubenwicklers diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory and field investigations were undertaken to evaluate the effect of winter mortality on subsequent infestation levels of the grape berry moth (GBM), Endopiza viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Supercooling points (SCP) were used as a measure of the minimum survivable temperature for GBM pupae. The SCP of winter forms (diapausing) from a laboratory colony averaged −25.2 °C in December, −24.3 °C in March, and −24.0 °C in April. When diapausing pupae from a laboratory colony were placed in the field from December to March, the SCP averaged −23.3 °C. The SCP of summer forms from a laboratory colony averaged −21.6 °C in March. Significant levels of mortality (ca. 80%) of diapausing GBM pupae were observed after 24 h at −21 °C. Comparable mortality occurred after 1-week at −15 °C. Eighty-four percent of diapausing pupae survived for 8-months at 3 °C; non diapausing pupae suffered high levels of mortality (ca. 60%) after only 7-days at 3 °C. Field survival of diapausing pupae were significantly greater at soil level than 1-meter above the soil. Pupal survival was greater at 75% r.h. than at 0% or ambient r.h.. In 1986–1987 and 1987–1988, pupae covered with snow or leaf-litter had higher of survival than exposed pupae although these differences were only statistically significant in 1986–1987. The above findings are discussed within the context of potential implications to management strategies for GBM.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies were carried out to determine optimum conditions for the investigation of symbiotic zooxanthellae in vitro and to gain insight into factors influencing release of photosynthate by the symbionts. Zooxanthellae isolated from the reef coral Agaricia agaricites and incubated with an homogenate of host tissue release twice as much photosynthate as controls in seawater. The animal homogenate retained its stimulatory activity for 3 h at room temperature (ca. 26°C). Release of photosynthate was markedly influenced by time after isolation of algae from the host, variation in homogenate concentration, and prolonged exposure to homogenate. Release was not influenced by cell concentration, light intensity, or glycerol in the incubation medium. If zooxanthellae are labelled in vitro with glucose 14C, the principle product released is alanine 14C. The mechanism of action of homogenate on zooxanthellae in vitro is discussed in terms of its effect on algal cell membrane permeability. A preliminary fractionation of host homogenate is described.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-07-05
    Description: The Regional Frequency Analysis of extreme annual rainfall data is a useful methodology in hydrology to obtain certain quantile values when no long data series are available. The most crucial step in the analysis is the grouping of sites into homogeneous regions. This work presents a new grouping criterion based on the some multifractal properties of rainfall data. For this porpoise, a regional frequency analysis of extreme annual rainfall data from the Maule Region (Chile) has been performed. Daily rainfall data series of 53 available stations have been studied and their empirical moments scaling exponent functions K(q) have been obtained. Two characteristics parameters of the K(q) functions ( γ max and K(0) ) have been used to group the stations into three homogeneous regions. Only five sites have not been possible to include into any homogenous regions, being the local frequency analysis of extreme daily rainfall the most appropriate method to be used at these locations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-01-29
    Description: Motivation : To assess whether two proteins will interact under physiological conditions, information on the interaction free energy is needed. Statistical learning techniques and docking methods for predicting protein–protein interactions cannot quantitatively estimate binding free energies. Full atomistic molecular simulation methods do have this potential, but are completely unfeasible for large-scale applications in terms of computational cost required. Here we investigate whether applying coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations is a viable alternative for complexes of known structure. Results : We calculate the free energy barrier with respect to the bound state based on molecular dynamics simulations using both a full atomistic and a CG force field for the TCR–pMHC complex and the MP1–p14 scaffolding complex. We find that the free energy barriers from the CG simulations are of similar accuracy as those from the full atomistic ones, while achieving a speedup of 〉500-fold. We also observe that extensive sampling is extremely important to obtain accurate free energy barriers, which is only within reach for the CG models. Finally, we show that the CG model preserves biological relevance of the interactions: (i) we observe a strong correlation between evolutionary likelihood of mutations and the impact on the free energy barrier with respect to the bound state; and (ii) we confirm the dominant role of the interface core in these interactions. Therefore, our results suggest that CG molecular simulations can realistically be used for the accurate prediction of protein–protein interaction strength. Availability and implementation: The python analysis framework and data files are available for download at http://www.ibi.vu.nl/downloads/bioinformatics-2013-btt675.tgz . Contact : k.a.feenstra@vu.nl Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1972-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1990-05-18
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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