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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymérisation induite par un plasma froid. Intéractions plasma-polymère, caractérisation de la structure chimique du matériau à la surface et dans i'épaisseur (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 191 (1990), S. 1451-1461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of octadecyl methacrylate (2) and of 3-methylenepentamethylene triacrylate [trimethylolpropane triacrylate (1)], induced by a microwave plasma and the chemical structure of the final polymers are described. Modification of the polymers by cold plasma (CF4) treatment is pointed out. The extent of fluorination is not proportional to the time of treatment. A maximum is observed which is due to the evolution of the concentration of different excited species, such as F*, CF* and CF*, present in the gas phase.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1990.021910622
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of isotactic poly(propylene) with a nitrogen plasma; differences in comparison to the treatment with a carbon dioxide plasma (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 1589-1599 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The modification of isotactic poly(propylene) by nitrogen plasma treatment was studied in comparison to the use of a carbon dioxide plasma, which was reported earlier. The effect of the modification was characterized with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to a depth of 3 Å, with electronic spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) to a depth of 20 Å and with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to a depth of 10 μm: the nitrogen plasma modification seems to be milder than the CO2 plasma treatment. Surface degradation is a minor reaction, and in an opposite manner, crosslinking and functionalization (formation of primary amino groups) are the most important reactions. Radicals, probably originating from the elimination of [methyl groups] along the polymer backbone, could induce these reactions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1991.021920712
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quelques avantages de la polymérisation induite par un plasma froid microonde (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 191 (1990), S. 691-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Plasma induced polymerizations using an RF (13,56 MHz) or a microwave (433 MHz) generator were compared. The microwave plasma induced polymerization of a multifunctional acrylate (3-ylomethylpentamethylene triacrylate) (trimethylolpropane triacrylate) (1) was studied as a function of different macroscopic parameters (chemical nature of gas, time, discharge power, distance between the surfatron and the substrate etc.). The involved mechanisms were found to be similar to those in the RF plasma. One of the advantages of the microwave apparatus is the possibility of working in the post-discharge regime with selected reactive species. Evidence of the chemical structure of the polymer at its surface is given by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1990.021910324
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of polymer treatment with tetrafluoromethane plasma: Reactivity of fluorinated species on model surfaces (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 2671-2680 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: cold plasma ; fluorination ; degradation ; polymer ; model surface ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyolefins and their model molecules, some n-alcanes, have been modified by a tetrafluoromethane microwave plasma. The chosen molecules are high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and hexatriacontane (HTC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and paraffin, and polycaprolactone (PCL) and octadecyl octadecanoate (ODO). It has been found, except for paraffin, that the model surfaces have the same behavior as the corresponding polymers. Plasma modification is described as the sum of two mechanisms: degradation and fluorination. These reactions seem to be competitive and parallel. Degradation and fluorination rates are dependent on treatment time and are practically independent on substrate position. A domain of fluorination exists near the edge of plasma, whatever the substrate in or outside plasma. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080311101
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postgrafting of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone onto a plasma modified polypropylene surface (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 1613-1621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Surface grafting of polymeric materials such as films and fibers improves their reactive surface properties. Poly(propylene) (PP) reactive sites, which should initiate surface postgrafting, can be formed by a nitrogen plasma treatment. It has been shown that grafting of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) onto different PP plasma-modified surfaces bearing alkyl radicals or hydroperoxides is efficient but the physicochemical properties of the grafted layer are dependent on plasma and grafting conditions. Alkyl radicals are more reactive and initiate the growth of 20 monomer units per radical onto the surface against 12 for hydroperoxide groups. When grafting is initiated with alkoxy radicals, kinetics depend on hydroperoxide decomposition rate and the obtained hydroxyl radicals react with NVP to produce a homopolymer in non negligeable proportion for a duration longer than 25 h.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Illustration of surface crosslinking of different polymers treated in argon plasma (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 2439-2456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of argon plasma on polycarbonate (PC) and poly(propylene) (PP) has been studied in terms of structural changes and reaction mechanisms. In situ UV-visible ellipsometry reveals formation of a surface layer with a higher refractive index than the untreated polymer. The increase in the refractive index is attributed to polymer densification, which is assigned to crosslinking. However, a decrease in the average molecular weight of the PC is also observed and two populations of macromolecules of different size are detected by light scattering measurements, revealing a competition between crosslinking and degradation. The reaction mechanisms were investigated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and in situ IR ellipsometry. Degradation is caused by carbonate bond breaking, while crosslinking seems to be related to a decrease in methyl groups. The ellipsometry results are correlated with amorphous phase extraction and 1H NMR analysis of modified PP. The crosslinking mechanism involves the elimination of methyl groups, and also the formation of exomethylenic bonds. Spectroscopic ellipsometry appears to be a valuable tool to study the interaction between a plasma and a polymer, as UV-visible ellipsometry is sensitive to structural changes in the polymer, while IR ellipsometry detects the appearance and disappearance of chemical groups in a surface layer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1997.021980807
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma modification of cellulose derivatives as biomaterials (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1513-1522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A film of cellulose acetate was submitted to a cold plasma of tetrafluoromethane or of sulfur hexafluoride. The interactions of these cold plasmas and cellulose acetate lead to a material whose surface has been modified by fluorination. Comparison of CF4 or SF6 plasma treatment shows that fluorine atoms provided by each kind of plasma induce degradation and grafting of fluorocarbon radicals on the surface. As a consequence, the surface energy decreases and offers the possibility of a better response of plasma-modified cellulose derivatives used as biomaterials (e.g. hemodialysis membrane).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440903
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of isotactic polypropylene by a cold plasma or an electron beam and grafting of the acrylic acid onto these activated polymers (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 1291-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Surface grafting of polymeric materials, such as films and fibers, may improve their reactive surface properties. Polypropylene active sites that should initiate a surface postgrafting can be formed by either nitrogen cold plasma or an electron-beam irradiation. The plasmamodified polymer surface is cross-linked and functionalized with primary amino groups and with oxidized groups, and it is almost not degraded. Electron-beam-modified polypropylene is also functionalized through an aging reaction, emphasized by a high radical concentration. In both cases, active surface films are susceptible to react with monomers in a postgrafting reaction. The grafting yield and rate of acrylic acid were shown to be dependent on the formed amino group concentration: The hydrophilic character of the modified polypropylene surface enhances the acrylic acid approach. The electron-beam treatment leads also to a reactive surface that can initiate a grafting reaction. But its yield and rate are dependent on the radical concentration: radicals formed during the irradiation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070531003
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  • 9
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    CO2, H2O, and CO2/H2O Plasma Chemistry for Polyethylene Surface Modification (2002)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 10
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    Oxygen atom density in capacitively coupled RF oxygen plasma (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0042-207X
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2715
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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