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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1983-06-01
    Print ISSN: 1438-3896
    Electronic ISSN: 1438-390X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1985-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of Ecological Society of America.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 197-206 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Phthorimaea operculella ; potato ; tomato ; population dynamics ; cultural control ; pest control ; adjacent crops
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The potato tuber moth (PTM),Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a major pest of processing tomatoes,Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae), in Israel. The larvae penetrate the tomato fruit through the stem end and present a serious threat to crop quality. Foliage and fruit samples were taken in nine commercial tomato fields located in Israel's three main tomato growing areas, two of which are potato growing areas as well. PTM was not found where potatoes were absent. Potato harvest in nearby fields was found to be the most significant factor affecting seasonal trends in PTM population density in tomatoes. All four larval instars were found in foliage on all sampling dates. Significantly higher proportions of first instars were found during the population density increase which followed potato harvest. Damaged fruits did not contain first instar larvae, indicating that PTM never undergoes complete development within tomato fruit. Fruit damage levels at harvest were positively correlated to the peak mean population densities on foliage and the date they were observed. In tomato fields not adjacent to potatoes, infestation was first observed at the edge of the field. Both before and after the potato harvest in nearby fields, population density at the edge of the field was significantly higher than at the center. In tomato fields adjacent to potatoes, no significant differences were found between population densities at the edge and center before the potatoes were harvested. After the potato harvest, population density at the center of tomato fields was higher than at the edge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail cherche à préciser pourquoi les graines de haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris) ne sont pas attaquées par la Buche chinoise (Callosobruchus chinensis), espèce cependant très polyphage. Les graines de haricot renferment 1% d'un hétéropolysaccharide, qui s'est révélé accroître la mortalité et ralentir le développement des larves de cette Bruche, mais qui aussi réduit la fécondité des femelles adultes. Ces observations ont été faites à partir d'élevages sur des milieux artificiels normalement favorables, présentés sous forme de haricots, par un moulage approprié. Une hydrolyse acide de cet hétéropolysaccharide libère du galactose, du glucose, du xylose, de l'arabinose et des traces de rhamnose. Ces sucres simples sont testés: l'arabinose et le rhamnose influencent le développement des larves, tandis que le galactose, le xylose et à nouveau l'arabinose, ont un effet sur la fécondité des femelles (réduction de la fécondité à 40% de la normale avec 1% d'arabinose). Toutefois l'hydrolyse enzymatique de cette fraction hétéropolysaccharidique, par le contenu stomacal de larves de C. chinensis reste partielle et libère seulement du glucose, du galactose et des traces d'arabinose. II est possible que la structure intégrale de l'hétéropolysaccharide soit nécessaire à son activité biologique. Un autre facteur défavorable à C. chinensis pourrait être la nature même des grains d'amidon de Phaseolus. Cet amidon incorporé à l'aliment artificiel accroît en effet la mortalité larvaire et ralentit la vitesse de développement. Cet effet défavorable pourrait être dû à la non digestibilité des grains d'amidon entiers. Il est suggéré que la fraction hétéropolysaccharide et l'amidon de Phaseolus sont deux des facteurs présents dans la graine de haricot qui lui confèrent sa résistance naturelle à la Bruche chinoise.
    Notes: Abstract A heteropolysaccharide fraction was isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris beans in which it comprises at least 1% of the dry weight of the beans. This heteropolysaccharide increases larval mortality and decreases the rate of larval development and the number of eggs deposited by females of Callosobruchus chinensis, when incorporated in artificial beans in which the larvae feed. It is composed of galactose, glucose, xylose, arabinose and traces of rhamnose, as determined after acid hydrolysis. Of these individual sugars, arabinose and xylose affect adult fecundity as well. However, partial enzymic hydrolysis of the heteropolysaccharide fraction by C. chinensis larval midgut contents releases only glucose, galactose and trace amounts of arabinose, and the integral structure of heteropolysaccharide may be necessary for biological activity. the incorporation of the starch granules of Phaseolus vulgaris beans into artificial beans increases larval mortality and decreases the rate of larval development of C. chinensis. It is suggested that the heteropolysaccharide fraction as well as the starch are part of a complex of natural components of Phaseolus vulgaris beans that make these beans resistant to C. chinensis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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