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The origin and evolution of the Caribbean Plate (2009)

James, Keith H. [Hrsg.] ; Lorente, M. A. [Hrsg.] ; Pindell, James L. [Hrsg.]

London : The Geological Society

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Call number: 9/M 07.0421(328)

In: Geological Society special publication

Description / Table of Contents: This book considers the geology between North and South America. It contributes to debate about the area's evolution, particularly that of the Caribbean. Prevailing understanding is that the Caribbean formed inthe Pacific and was engulfed between the Americas as the latter drifted west. Accordingly, the CaribbeanPlate comprises internal, Jurassic-Cretaceous oceanic rocks, thickened into a Cretaceous hotspot/plumeplateau, with obducted ophiolites and Cretaceous-Palaeogene, subduction-related, intra-oceanic volcanicarc and metamorphosed arc/continental rocks exposed on its margins. An alternative interpretation is thatthe Caribbean evolved in place. It consists largely of continental crust, extended in the Triassic-Jurassic,which subsided below thick Jurassic-Cretaceous carbonate rocks and flood basalts, and Cenozoic carbonateand clastic rocks. After uplift of 'oceanic' and volcanic arc rocks onto (continental) margins, the interiorfoundered in the Middle Eocene. Papers range from regional overviews and discussions of Caribbeanorigins to aspects of local geology arranged in a circum-Caribbean tour and ending in the interior. They address tectonics, structure, geochronology, seismicity, igneous and metamorphic petrology, metamorphism, geochemistry, stratigraphy and palaeontology.

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: IX, 858 S.

ISBN: 1862392889 , 978-1-86239-288-5

Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 328

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/vol328/issue1/

Classification:

Tectonics

Location: Reading room

Branch Library: GFZ Library

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The basins, orogens and evolution of the Southern Gulf of Mexico and Northern Caribbean (2021)

Davison, I. [HerausgeberIn] ; Hull, J. N. F. [HerausgeberIn] ; Pindell, James L. [HerausgeberIn]

London : The Geological Society

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Call number: 9/M 07.0421(504)

In: Geological Society special publication

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: 1 Online Ressource , Illustrationen

ISSN: 978-1-78620-494-3

Series Statement: Geological Society special publication no. 504

URL: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/504/1

Language: English

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The occurrence and timing of high-pressure metamorphism on Margarita Island, Venezuela: a constraint on Caribbean-South America interaction (2009)

Maresch, Walter V. ; Kluge, Rolf ; Baumann, Albrecht ; [et al.]

In: Geological Society Special Publication 328: 705-741.

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Publication Date: 2009-12-28

Description: The metamorphic rock sequences exposed on the Island of Margarita, Venezuela, located in the southeastern corner of the Caribbean Plate margin, are composed of a high-pressure/low-temperature (HP/LT) nucleus subducted to at least 50 km depth, now structurally overlain by lower-grade greenschist-facies units lacking any sign of high-pressure subduction-zone metamorphism. The HP/LT nucleus involves protoliths of both oceanic (metabasalts and intimately associated carbonaceous schists of the La Rinconada unit; peridotite massifs) and continental affinity (metapelites, marbles and gneisses of the Juan Griego unit). All HP/LT units were joined together prior to the peak of high-pressure metamorphism, as shown by their matching metamorphic pressure-temperature evolution. The metamorphic grade attained produced barroisite as the regional amphibole. Glaucophane is not known from Margarita. Contrary to a widely propagated assumption, there are no major nappe structures post-dating HP/LT metamorphism anywhere within the high-pressure nucleus of Margarita Island. U-Pb zircon dating of key tonalitic to granitic intrusive rocks provides the following constraints: (1) the Juan Griego unit is heterogeneous and contains Palaeozoic as well as probable Mesozoic protolith; (2) the peak of HP/LT metamorphism, that is maximum subduction, is younger than 116-106 Ma and older than 85 Ma, most probably c. 100-90 Ma, a time span during which the southeastern Caribbean/South American border was clearly a passive margin. The assembly of Margaritan protoliths and their HP/LT overprint occurred far to the west in northwestern South America, a scenario completely in accord with the details of the Pacific-origin model outlined by Pindell & Kennan. Juxtaposition of the greenschist-facies units occurred after exhumation into mid-crustal levels after c. 80 Ma.

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Dextral shear, terrane accretion and basin formation in the Northern Andes: best explained by interaction with a Pacific-derived Caribbean Plate? (2009)

Kennan, Lorcan ; Pindell, James L.

In: Geological Society Special Publication 328: 487-531.

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Publication Date: 2009-12-28

Description: The structure, stratigraphy and magmatic history of northern Peru, Ecuador and Colombia are only adequately explained by Pacific-origin models for the Caribbean Plate. Inter-American models for the origin of the Caribbean Plate cannot explain the contrasts between the Northern Andes and the Central Andes. Persistent large magnitude subduction, arc magmatism and compressional deformation typify the Central Andes, while the Northern Andes shows back-arc basin and passive margin formation followed by dextral oblique accretion of oceanic plateau basalt and island arc terranes with Caribbean affinity. Cretaceous separation between the Americas resulted in the development of a NNE-trending dextral-transpressive boundary between the Caribbean and northwestern South America, becoming more compressional when spreading in the Proto-Caribbean Seaway slowed towards the end of the Cretaceous. Dextral transpression started at 120-100 Ma, when the Caribbean Arc formed at the leading edge of the Caribbean Plate as a result of subduction zone polarity reversal at the site of the pre-existing Trans-American Arc, which had linked to Central America to South America in the vicinity of the present-day Peru-Ecuador border. Subsequent closure of the Andean Back-Arc Basin resulted in accretion of Caribbean terranes to western Colombia. Initiation of flat-slab subduction of the Caribbean Plate beneath Colombia at about 100 Ma is associated with limited magmatism, with no subsequent development of a magmatic arc. This was followed by northward-younging Maastrichtian to Eocene collision of the trailing edge Panama Arc. The triple junction where the Panama Arc joined the Peru-Chile trench was located west of present-day Ecuador as late as Eocene time, and the Talara, Tumbes and Manabi pull-apart basins directly relate to its northward migration. Features associated with the subduction of the Nazca Plate, such as active calc-alkaline volcanic arcs built on South American crust, only became established in Ecuador, and then Colombia, as the triple junction migrated to the north. Our model provides a comprehensive, regional and testable framework for analysing the as yet poorly understood collage of arc remnants, basement blocks and basins in the Northern Andes.

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Clastic domains of sandstones in central/eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, and Barbados: heavy mineral and tectonic constraints on provenance and palaeogeography (2009)

Pindell, James L. ; Kennan, Lorcan ; Wright, David ; [et al.]

In: Geological Society Special Publication 328: 743-797.

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Publication Date: 2009-12-28

Description: Current models for the tectonic evolution of northeastern South America invoke a Palaeogene phase of inter-American convergence, followed by diachronous dextral oblique collision with the Caribbean Plate, becoming strongly transcurrent in the Late Miocene. Heavy mineral analysis of Cretaceous to Pleistocene rocks from eastern Venezuela, Barbados and Trinidad allow us to define six primary clastic domains, refine our palaeogeographic maps, and relate them to distinct stages of tectonic development: (1) Cretaceous passive margin of northern South America; (2) Palaeogene clastics related to the dynamics of the Proto-Caribbean Inversion Zone before collision with the Caribbean Plate; (3) Late Eocene-Oligocene southward-transgressive clastic sediments fringing the Caribbean foredeep during initial collision; (4) Oligocene-Middle Miocene axial fill of the Caribbean foredeep; (5) Late Eocene-Middle Miocene northern proximal sedimentary fringe of the Caribbean thrustfront; and (6) Late Miocene-Recent deltaic sediments flowing parallel to the orogen during its post-collisional, mainly transcurrent stage. Domain 1-3 sediments are highly mature, comprising primary Guayana Shield-derived sediment or recycled sediment of shield origin eroded from regional Palaeogene unconformities. In Trinidad, palinspastic restoration of Neogene deformation indicates that facies changes once interpreted as north to south are in fact west to east, reflecting progradation from the Maturin Basin into central Trinidad across the NW-SE trending Bohordal marginal offset, distorted by about 70 km of dextral shear through Trinidad. There is no mineralogical indication of a northern or northwestern erosional sediment source until Oligocene onset of Domain 4 sedimentation. Paleocene-Middle Eocene rocks of the Scotland Formation sandstones in Barbados do show an immature orogenic signature, in contrast to Venezuela-Trinidad Domain 2 sediments, this requires: (1) at least a bathymetric difference, if not a tectonic barrier, between them; and (2) that the Barbados deep-water depocentre was within turbidite transport distance of the Early Palaeogene orogenic source areas of western Venezuela and/or Colombia. Domains 4-6 (from Late Oligocene) show a strong direct or recycled influence of Caribbean Orogen igneous and metamorphic terranes in addition to substantial input from the shield areas to the south. The delay in the appearance of common Caribbean detritus in the east, relative to the Paleocene and Eocene appearance of Caribbean-influenced sands in the west, reflects the diachronous, eastward migration of Caribbean foredeep subsidence and sedimentation as a response to eastward-younging collision of the Caribbean Plate and the South American margin.

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Tectonic evolution of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and northern South America in the mantle reference frame: an update (2009)

Pindell, James L. ; Kennan, Lorcan

In: Geological Society Special Publication 328: 1-55.

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Publication Date: 2009-12-28

Description: We present an updated synthesis of the widely accepted single-arc Pacific-origin' and Yucatan-rotation' models for Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico evolution, respectively. Fourteen palaeogeographic maps through time integrate new concepts and alterations to earlier models. Pre-Aptian maps are presented in a North American reference frame. Aptian and younger maps are presented in an Indo-Atlantic hot spot reference frame which demonstrates the surprising simplicity of Caribbean-American interaction. We use the Muller et al. (Geology 21: 275-278, 1993) reference frame because the motions of the Americas are smoothest in this reference frame, and because it does not differ significantly, at least since c. 90 Ma, from more recent moving hot spot' reference frames. The Caribbean oceanic lithosphere has moved little relative to the hot spots in the Cenozoic, but moved north at c. 50 km/Ma during the Cretaceous, while the American plates have drifted west much further and faster and thus are responsible for most Caribbean-American relative motion history. New or revised features of this model, generally driven by new data sets, include: (1) refined reconstruction of western Pangaea; (2) refined rotational motions of the Yucatan Block during the evolution of the Gulf of Mexico; (3) an origin for the Caribbean Arc that invokes Aptian conversion to a SW-dipping subduction zone of a trans-American plate boundary from Chortis to Ecuador that was part sinistral transform (northern Caribbean) and part pre-existing arc (eastern, southern Caribbean); (4) acknowledgement that the Caribbean basalt plateau may pertain to the palaeo-Galapagos hot spot, the occurrence of which was partly controlled by a Proto-Caribbean slab gap beneath the Caribbean Plate; (5) Campanian initiation of subduction at the Panama-Costa Rica Arc, although a sinistral transform boundary probably pre-dated subduction initiation here; (6) inception of a north-vergent crustal inversion zone along northern South America to account for Cenozoic convergence between the Americas ahead of the Caribbean Plate; (7) a fan-like, asymmetric rift opening model for the Grenada Basin, where the Margarita and Tobago footwall crustal slivers were exhumed from beneath the southeast Aves Ridge hanging wall; (8) an origin for the Early Cretaceous HP/LT metamorphism in the El Tambor units along the Motagua Fault Zone that relates to subduction of Farallon crust along western Mexico (and then translated along the trans-American plate boundary prior to onset of SW-dipping subduction beneath the Caribbean Arc) rather than to collision of Chortis with Southern Mexico; (9) Middle Miocene tectonic escape of Panamanian crustal slivers, followed by Late Miocene and Recent eastward movement of the Panama Block' that is faster than that of the Caribbean Plate, allowed by the inception of east-west trans-Costa Rica shear zones. The updated model integrates new concepts and global plate motion models in an internally consistent way, and can be used to test and guide more local research across the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean and northern South America. Using examples from the regional evolution, the processes of slab break off and flat slab subduction are assessed in relation to plate interactions in the hot spot reference frame.

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