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  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Opius dissitus ; Diptera ; Agromyzidae ; Liriomyza sativae ; semiochemical ; volatile ; foraging behavior ; adult experience ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oviposition-experienced females of Opius dissitus Muesebeck, a braconid parasitoid of Liriomyza sativaeBlanchard, preferentially landed on leafminer-infested rather than uninfested lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) plants in a flight tunnel assay. Both naive and oviposition-experiencedparasitoids responded strongly to odors of infested lima bean plants in a four-arm olfactometer in comparison with odors of uninfested plants, suggesting that volatile semiochemicals are used in host location. Parasitoids with an oviposition experience on lima bean (“lima-experienced”) spent significantly more time in the infested odor than naive individuals, however, eggplant-experienced wasps did not spend significantly more time in the infested odor field than naive wasps. When parasitoids reared on leafminers in lima bean were provided a choice between the odor of infested lima bean and the odor of infested eggplant or cotton, naive and lima-experienced wasps preferred infested lima odor. An oviposition experience on the other plant species resulted in a dramatic shift in preference. It was concluded that the experience effect was due, at least in part, to associative learning, as has been reported for other parasitoids. The parasitoids may perceive unconditioned stimuli during host contact and oviposition on an infested leaf and may associate those stimuli with volatile semiochemicals emanating from the leaf or host. Subsequently, the volatiles associated with the presence of hosts are used in directing the search for hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 66 (1993), S. 227-236 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Agromyzidae ; Braconidae ; Liriomyza ; host size ; host instar ; sex ratio ; development ; longevity ; fecundity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The braconid parasitoidOpius dissitus Muesebeck (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) produced 1.7 to 3 times more offspring when provided second and third instar leafminers (Liriomyza sativae Blanchard) as compared to first instars. Females arising from parasitization of different instars did not differ significantly in numbers of chorionated eggs in their ovaries at adult eclosion. Development time was prolonged by about two days when parasitoid oviposition occurred in first, as compared to third instar hosts. Parasitoid length was positively correlated with host weight (r2=0.75). Because only 7% of variation in host weight could be explained by host density, parasitoid length varied considerably among hosts reared at the same density. Longevity and lifetime fecundity of parasitoids were inversely related to the weight of their hosts.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Spider mite ; predatory mite ; pesticides ; predation ; prey recognition ; side effects ; Acarien ; prédateur d'Acariens ; pesticides ; prédation ; reconnaissance des proies ; effets secondaires
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des expériences de choix possible ou non ont été menées sur disques de feuilles de pois de lima, pour déterminer si des traitements pesticides ou à l'eau seule, affecteraient la consommation des œufs deTetranychus urticae Koch parPhytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot. Dans les expériences avec choix,P. persimilis consommait significativement plus d'œufs non traités que d'œufs traités avec le fenbutatin oxyde (600 ppm), le cyhexatin (200 ppm) ou l'eau pure, quand les tests s'effectuaient 24, 48 ou 72 heures après traitement. Le mouillant Triton X-100 était inclus dans chaque suspension pesticide et le témoin traité à l'eau à 0,1%. En moyenne, les œufs traités équivalaient à 30% seulement du total consommé (n=1 440). L'effet du traitement à l'eau pure était plus faible que celui des insecticides après 24 heures, mais les effets ne différaient pas après 48 heures et 72 heures. Dans les expériences de 24 heures, sans choix possible,P. persimilis consommait autant d'œufs traités avec le fenbutatin-oxyde, le cyhexatin, l'eau pure ou un savon insecticide (7 575 ppm) que d'œufs non traités. Le traitement au fluvalinate des œufs proies (89 ppm) entraînait cependant, une réduction de 50% de la consommation des œufs chez les prédateurs restant sur les disques de feuilles et six fois plus de disques abandonnés comparé au témoin non traité. La consommation continue d'œufs traités au fenbutatin-oxyde au-delà de 5 jours n'affectait ni l'oviposition, ni la viabilité des œufs deP. persimilis.
    Notes: Abstract Choice and no-choice experiments were conducted on lima bean leaf discs to determine whether pesticide or water treatments would affect consumption ofTetranychus urticae Koch eggs byPhytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot. In choice experiments,P. persimilis consumed significantly more untreated eggs than eggs treated with fenbutatin-oxide (600 ppm), cyhexatin (200 ppm), or water, when tested at 24, 48, or 72 h after treatment. The surfactant Triton X-100 was included in each pesticide suspension and the water-treated control at 0.1%. On the average, treated eggs amounted to only 30% of the total consumed (n=1,440). The water-treatment effect was weaker than the acaracides at 24 h, but effects did not differ at 48 and 72 h. In 24 h no-choice experiments,P. persimilis consumed as many eggs treated with fenbutatin-oxide, cyhexatin, water, or insecticidal soap (7 575 ppm) as untreated eggs. Fluvalinate treatment of prey eggs (89 ppm), however, resulted in a 50% reduction in egg consumption among predators remaining on leaf discs and a 6-fold increase in abandonment of discs as compared with the untreated control. Continuous consumption of fenbutatin-oxide-treated eggs over 5d did not affectP. persimilis oviposition or egg viability.
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