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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between feeding preferences and consumption rates in grass carp and grass carp × bighead carp hybrids (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relationship between food preference hierarchy and consumption rate was examined for the grass carp, Ctenopharygodon idella, and its Fl hybrid (grass carp × bighead carp). Preferences of both types of fish were similar, although hybrids consumed vegetation at a much lower rate. For both, relative preference in feeding trials with mixed plant species was significantly correlated with consumption rate in monospecific feeding experiments. No correlations were found between preference and caloric content, protein content or relative water content. The hypothesis is proposed that preference hierarchies reflect relative handling times of different food types and that these fish maximize ‘through-put’ by preferentially consuming plant species which can be most rapidly ingested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04966.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High frequency androgenesis from isolated microspores of maize (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 7 (1989), S. 673-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Anthers from a highly androgenic genotype of maize (139/39-02), when cultured in a modified, liquid YP medium, dehisced within 2–7 days resulting in a stationary suspension of microspores. After 12–15 days, the microspore suspension was found to contain multicellular masses which went on to produce macroscopic embryo-like structures within 20–25 days of culture initiation. Embryogenic callus could be obtained by transferring microspore-derived embryos onto a modified N6 medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l dicamba and 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D. Subculture onto hormone-free medium resulted in plant regeneration. Over 400 embryo-like structures per 100 anthers cultured have been obtained from liquid induction medium as compared to 55 embryos per 100 anthers cultured on an agar-solidified medium. Approximately 5–25% of these embryo-like structures went on to produce callus from which plants could be recovered. Mechanical isolation of microspores from anthers precultured for 0, 3, and 7 days also resulted in embryo production and plant regeneration. This represents the first report of plant recovery from isolated maize microspores. The use of a liquid induction medium applied to a highly androgenic genotype allows for the production of large numbers of microspore-derived plants and provides a single, haploid cell regeneration system for maize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272058
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microspore development in cultured maize anthers (1988)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 7 (1988), S. 441-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The present study follows in vivo and in vitro microspore development utilizing an anther culture-responsive maize genotype (Pa91×FR16) and a DNA-specific fluorescent dye (mithramycin). Cultured anthers were sampled at various times and scored for abnormal microspore divisions, multicellular masses, and embryo-like structures. The frequency of abnormal microspore divisions reached a peak during the first 7 days in culture and then declined. The vegetative nucleus was mitotically active in culture with over 50% of the induced microspores exhibiting this type of division. Multicellular masses and embryo-like structures first appeared in the 14 and 25 day samples, respectively. Most of the microspores did not reach the multicellular stage and an even greater mortality occurred during the formation of embryo-like structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269533
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable transformation via electroporation into maize Type II callus and regeneration of fertile transgenic plants (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 14 (1995), S. 712-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Maize Type II callus tissue was used as the plant material for genetic transformation via electroporation. Plasmid DNA containing a selectable marker gene (either neomycin phosphotransferase (npt-II) or phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar)), and a screenable marker gene (gus A) was incubated with the tissue prior to electroporation. Electroporated callus tissue was placed on selection medium containing kanamycin sulfate or Bast™. No kanamycin resistant colonies were recovered whereas four independent Basta™ resistant callus isolates were recovered from a total of 544 cuvettes electroporated. After 8 to 16 weeks on the Basta™ containing medium, selected calli were isolated and maintained in individual selection plates for 4 to 6 weeks until sufficient tissue accumulated. Enzyme assays and DNA analyses were performed to verify the transformation events. Several plants were regenerated from individual callus isolates. The plants derived from one callus isolate were male sterile while those derived from the other isolates were both male and female fertile. Most plants showed Basta™ resistance. DNA analyses confirmed the presence of the introduced bar gene(s) in the primary regenerants and their progeny. The integration patterns of the inserted DNA appeared to be complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232653
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolated microspore culture of maize: effects of isolation technique, reduced temperature, and sucrose level (1990)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 8 (1990), S. 628-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Improvements in ab initio microspore culture of maize are presented using a modified isolation technique, reduced temperature during early stages of culture, and an elevated sucrose level in the culture medium. Blending-isolation, using excised anthers, was less stressful on microspores than pressing anthers against a stainless steel sieve and resulted in a 3-fold increase in the yield of embryo-like structures (ELS). Exposure to reduced temperature (15°C) during the first 4 days of culture improved microspore viability and increased by 2-fold the number of ELS produced. Higher levels of sucrose (8.0–9.5%) also resulted in improved response. Maximum yield in the present study was 92 ELS per 100 anther equivalents, exceeding previously reported values of 15 ELS per 100 anther equivalents for ab initio microspore culture of maize. The increase in the total number ELS produced had no observable effect on their quality as evidenced by the frequency of formation of callus capable of regenerating plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270070
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoclaved and filter sterilized liquid media in maize anther culture: significance of activated charcoal (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 13 (1993), S. 79-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Maize ; Anther culture ; Autoclaving ; Medium toxicity ; Activated charcoal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Medium sterilization techniques (autoclaving, filter sterilization and separate sterilization of medium components), combined with preculture exposure to activated charcoal (AC) were evaluated for effects on maize anther culture response. The addition of AC to filter sterilized medium had no effect on the number of embryo-like-structures (ES) produced. For autoclaved medium, pre-culture AC treatment resulted in a 3-fold increase in ES yield over medium lacking AC. When AC was included, autoclaved medium was more productive than filter sterilized medium. Autoclaved media without AC gave lower response than filter sterilized medium. Separate sterilization of sucrose or FeEDTA was beneficial for media autoclaved in the absence of AC. However, when all components were autoclaved together in the presence of AC, there was no advantage to separate sterilization. The maximum ES frequency (224.6 ES/100 anthers) was obtained with the genotype ETH-M 52 cultured in autoclaved medium which had been exposed to AC (5 g/L) for 96 h prior to culture initiation. It is supposed that the higher ES frequencies observed with AC-treated, autoclaved media were due to the availability of glucose and fructose following heat-induced hydrolysis of sucrose and the AC-mediated adsorption of inhibitory compounds produced during autoclaving.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235294
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping genes conditioning in vitro androgenesis in maize using RFLP analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 720-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; Anther culture ; In vitro androgenesis ; Linkage ; Epistasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This research was designed to map the genes in maize which condition a high response to anther culture using RFLP analysis. A set of 98 S1 families were developed from the cross of B73 × 139/39-05. In vitro-cultured anthers of 139/39-05 produce numerous embryolike structures while anthers cultured from B73 produce none. Plants from each of the families were grown in the greenhouse. Tassels were harvested from ten individual plants within each family and pretreated prior to culture. Up to three Petri dishes with 60 anthers each were cultured from each tassel. Response was measured as the number of embryo-like structures per 100 anthers cultured. In excess of 105 RFLP clones were screened to detect polymorphism among the parents. A subset of 75 widely distributed clones were scored in the 98 families. Based on the analysis of the resulting genetic data set, the high anther culture response observed in 139/39-05 is conditioned by two major recessive genes, which are epistatic, and two minor genes. One of the two major loci resides in the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome 3 near the indeterminate gametophyte (ig1) gene. The second major locus maps to the centromeric region of chromosome 9. The minor genes reside on chromosomes 1 and 10. Fifty seven percent of the variability among the 98 family means is explained by a genetic model which includes these four chromosomal regions. Moreover, segregation at these loci explains much of the variability observed within the families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224175
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