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1

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In Vitro Response to Fusarium Elicitor and Toxic Substances in Crosses between Resistant and Susceptible Carnation Cultivars (1987)

Buiatti, M. ; Marcheschi, G. ; Venturo, R. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Plant breeding 98 (1987), S. 0

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ISSN: 1439-0523

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: To assess the correlation between in vivo resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi and in vitro behaviour, calli from several resistant and susceptible Mediterranean carnation cultivars and F1 progenies of crosses were tested both for the ability to grow on a medium containing crude culture filtrate of F. oxysporum and to produce phytoalexins following treatment with cell wall components (elicitor) of the same fungus. The results show no significant correlation between in vivo resistance and in vitro tolerance to culture filtrate of the fungus, while there was a good correlation in die case of phytoalexin production. Moreover, the character phytoalexin production behaved as a dominant in the crosses between a resistant and a susceptible cultivar.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01141.x

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2

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Modification of competence for in vitro response to Fusarium oxysporum in tomato cells. II. Effect of the integration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens genes for auxin and cytokinin synthesis (1994)

Storti, E. ; Bogani, P. ; Bettini, P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 89-96

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ; lycopersici ; Agrobacterium hormone synthetic genes ; Defense response

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract We have studied the effect of a change in the endogenous hormone equilibria on the competence of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cells to defend themselves against the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Calluses from cvs ‘Davis’ and ‘Red River’, respectively resistant and susceptible to Fusarium and transgenic for an auxin- or cytokinin-synthesizing gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, were used. The integration of Agrobacterium hormone-related genes into susceptible cv ‘Red River’ can bring the activation of defense processes to a stable competence as assessed by the inhibition of mycelial growth in dual culture and gem-tube elongation of Fusarium conidia, the determination of callose contents, peroxidase induction and ion leakage in the presence of fusaric acid. This is particularly true when the transformation results in a change of phytohormone equilibria towards an higher cytokin in concentration. On the contrary, in resistant cv ‘Davis’ the inhibition of both fungal growth in dual culture and conidia germination is higher when the hormone balance is modified in favour of the auxins. No significant effect was observed for ion leakage and peroxidase induction, probably because of a constitutive overproduction of cytokinins in ‘Davis’ cells.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222399

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3

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Isolation of tomato cell lines with altered response to Fusarium cell wall components (1987)

Buiatti, M. ; Simeti, C. ; Vannini, S. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1987), S. 37-40

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Elicitor ; Fusarium oxysporum ; in vitro selection ; Pathogen resistance ; Phytoalexin

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary To obtain Tomato cell lines with an altered capacity to respond to heat-released cell wall components (elicitor) of a tomato pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), positive and negative selection experiments, using BUdR enrichment techniques, were carried out on suspension cultures of the susceptible, low phytoalexin producer cultivar Red River. Both high and low phytoalexin producing clones were isolated. Further tests demonstrated that not all phytoalexin-producing clones were more susceptible to the elicitor toxic effect, and that they were altered also in the speed of response to fungal cell wall components. Cells selected with Fusarium elicitor showed the same behaviour when challenged by Phytophthora infestans elicitor, thus suggesting in this case lack of specificity. The results are finally discussed with a view to using the technique both as a tool to study the genetics and physiology of hostparasite interactions and as a possible new method for the selection of pathogen resistant genotypes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249139

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4

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Modification of competence for in vitro response to Fusarium oxysporum in tomato cells. I. Selection from a susceptible cultivar for high and low polysaccharide content (1994)

Guardiola, M. L. ; Bettini, P. ; Bogani, P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1994), S. 988-995

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici ; Polysaccharides ; Active defence

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Plant cell walls play a major role in the outcome of host-parasite interactions. Wall fragments released from the plant, and/or the fungal pathogen, can act respectively as endogenous and exogenous elicitors of the defence response, and other wall components, such as callose, lignin, or hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, can inhibit pathogen penetration and/or spreading. We have previously demonstrated that calli from tomato cultivars resistant in vivo to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici show a high amount of polysaccharides in vitro. The aim of the present work was to assess the possible role of polysaccharide content and/or synthetic capacity in determining the competence of plant cells for active defence. For this purpose, tomato cell clones with increased and decreased polysaccharide (FL+, FL-) and callose (A+, A-) content have been selected by means of specific stains as visual markers and tested for the effect of these changes on the extent of response to Fusarium. The analysis of several parameters known to be indicative of active defence (cell browning after elicitor treatment, peroxidase and β-glucanase induction and inhibition of fungal growth in dual culture) clearly shows that FL+ and A+ clones have acquired an increased competence for the activation of defence response. The results are thoroughly discussed in terms of an evaluation of the relative importance of constitutive and/or inducible polysaccharide synthetic capacity for plant response to pathogens, and their possible regulation by plant physiological backgrounds.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225793

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5

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Modification of competence for in vitro response to Fusarium oxysporum in tomato cells. III. PR-protein gene expression and ethylene evolution in tomato cell lines transgenic for phytohormone-related bacterial genes (1998)

Bettini, P. ; Cosi, E. ; Pellegrini, M. G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 575-583

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Key words Lycopersicon esculentum ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation ; Phytohormones ; PR-proteins

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Previous work carried out in our laboratory has shown that, in tomato, the alteration of endogenous phytohormone equilibria through the integration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens genes for auxin and cytokinin synthesis can modify the active defense response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The susceptible cv ‘Red River’ acquires a stable competence for active defense, particularly when the phytohormone equilibrium is altered in favour of cytokinins. Here, we analyse the expression of genes involved in the defense response against pathogens, i.e. pathogenesis-related (PR)-protein genes, in the susceptible ‘Red River’ and resistant ‘Davis’ cultivars transgenic for the aforementioned genes. Fungal cell-wall components, glutathione, salicylic acid and the ethylene-forming ethephon are used as “probes” for the induction of defense processes, including ethylene production. The data obtained show that the extracellular PR-proteins (acidic chitinase and PR-1 protein) that were inducible in the control tissue of the resistant ‘Davis’ cultivar and not expressed in the susceptible ‘Red River’ cultivar became constitutive in the transgenic tissues of both. On the other hand, expression of the intracellular PR-proteins (basic chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase) was found to be constitutive in all cases, both in the control and in the transgenic cell lines of the resistant and the susceptible tomato cultivars. Ethylene production was higher in ‘Davis’ than in ‘Red River’, and significantly increased in the transgenic cell lines, particularly when cytokinin synthesis was altered.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050933

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6

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The pleiotropic phenotype of tomato cells selected for altered response to Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici cell wall components (1989)

Storti, E. ; Bogani, P. ; Bettini, P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 689-695

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Lycopersicon aesculentum ; Fusarium oxysporum ; Peroxidases ; Ion leakage ; Esopolysaccharides ; Dual cultures

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary With the aim of better understanding in vitro host-parasite interactions, tomato cell lines selected for altered response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici cell wall components were further characterized. Particularly, their behaviour in dual culture in regard to both fungal inhibition and peroxidase activation was analysed and selected, and control cell clones were screened for esopolysaccharide content and toxin tolerance. Interclonal differences in growth response to 2,4-D and DMSO and the capacity to grow on a medium devoid of hormones (habituation) were taken as parameters representative of physiological variability not directly correlated with the response to pathogens. Significant differences between clones selected for increased (F+) and decreased (F−) response to fungal elicitors were found for pathogen inhibition, peroxidase and esopolysaccharide content, toxin tolerance being reduced in F but not significantly different from the control in F+. As expected, clonal variability for the response to 2,4-D and DMSO, although significant, was not connected with hostparasite interactions. The data reported thus show that selection for a character (response to elicitors), probably critical for the response to pathogens, may lead to the recovery of genotypes showing a set of modifications suggestive of a cascade of events leading to active defense.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262565

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7

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The in vitro physiological phenotype of tomato resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (1992)

Storti, E. ; Latil, C. ; Salti, S. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 123-128

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Recognition ; Resistance ; In vitro selection ; Tomato ; Fusarium

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary With the aim of dissecting host-parasite interaction processes in the system Lycopersicon aesculentum-Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici we have isolated plant cell mutants having single-step alterations in their defense response. A previous analysis of the physiological phenotypes of mutant cell clones suggested that recognition is the crucial event for active defence, and that polysaccharide content, fungal growth inhibition, peroxidase induction in in vitro dual culture and ion leakage induced by cultural filtrates of the pathogen can be markers of resistance. In this paper we present the results of a similar analysis carried out on cell cultures from one susceptible (‘Red River’), one tolerant (‘UC 105’) and three resistant (‘Davis UC 82’, ‘Heinz’, ‘UC 90’) tomato cultivars. Our data confirm that the differences in the parameters considered are correlated with resistance versus susceptibility in vivo. Therefore, these parameters can be used for early screening in selection programmes. These data, together with those obtained on isolated cell mutants, suggest that the selection in vitro for altered fungal recognition and/or polysaccharide or callose content may lead to in vivo — resistant genotypes. The data are thoroughly discussed with particular attention paid to the importance of polysaccharides in active defense initiation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223991

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8

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Interspecific differences in differentiation and dedifferentiation patterns in the genusNicotiana (1985)

Bogani, P. ; Buiatti, M. ; Tegli, S. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant systematics and evolution 151 (1985), S. 19-29

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ISSN: 1615-6110

Keywords: Angiosperms ; Solanaceae ; Nicotiana. — Habituation ; differentiation ; crown gall ; tissue culture ; evolution

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Differentiation on hormoneless media, habituation ability and crown gall induction inNicotiana tissue cultures have been used as physiological parameters of evolutionary differentiation between species. Some of them on hormone free media differentiated whole plantlets, others produced only shoots or roots or showed undifferentiated growth (habituation), some eventually died. Moreover, the same genotypes showed a differential behaviour as far as tumor formation byAgrobacterium tumefaciens was concerned. Particularly, the competence for crown gall transformation inNicotiana species seems negatively correlated with differentiation capacity and may be ascribed to differences in the plants capacity to synthesize growth regulators. The correlation between the results obtained and the phylogenetic position of the genotypes tested is finally discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02418016

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9

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Tumor formation and morphogenesis on different Nicotiana sp and hybrids induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA mutants (1987)

Nacmias, B. ; Ugolini, S. ; Ricci, M. D. ; [et al.]

Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 61-71

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ISSN: 0192-253X

Keywords: Agrobacterium insertion mutants ; hormone equilibria ; differentiation ; dedifferentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: A series of experiments are presented that have been performed to observe the interactions between Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains mutated in the T-DNA genes involved in indoleacetic acid and cytokinin biosynthesis and several Nicotiana species and hybrids. Infections were induced on leaf cuttings of Nicotiana debneyi, N. knightiana, N. clevelandii, N. bigelovii var bigelovii, N. bigelovii var quadrivalvis, N. glauca, N. langsdorffii, the amphidiploid tumorous hybrid N. glauca × N. langsdorffii, and a nontumorous mutant of it. The effect of deletions of the Ti plasmid varied according to plant genotype. Insertion mutants in iaaM and iaaH suppressed tumor formation in N. langsdorffii, reduced it in N. bigeloviivar quadrivalvis, had no effect in N. glauca and the two amphidiploid hybrids, and promoted tumorigenesis when compared to the wild-type Agrobacterium strain B6S3 in N. bigelovii N. debneyi, and N. knightiana. The same mutations induced shoot formation in N. glauca, increased it in N. debneyi, and suppressed root formation in N. knightiana. On the other hand, an insertion mutation of the isopentenyl transferase gene (ipt-) had no effect in N. bigelovii var quadrivalvis, N. debneyi, the tumorous hybrid, suppressed tumor formation in N. langsdorffii, and inhibited it in N. glauca, the nontumorous hybrid, N. bigelovii var bigelovii, and N. knightiana. Insertion in ipt suppressed shoot formation in the nontumorous hybrid and inhibited it in the nontumorous amphidiploid and N. debneyi, while promoting root formation in N. glauca and N. debneyi.The suggestion of the existence of specific hormone equilibria necessary for the shift to each morphogenetic pattern was supported by experiments with exogenous hormone treatments of three genotypes (N. glauca, N. langsdorffii, and the nontumorous N. glauca × N. langsdorffii).

Additional Material: 4 Tab.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080202

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