ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Revegetation of Roadcut Slopes in Mesa Verde National Park, U.S.A. (2000)

Paschke, Mark W. ; DeLeo, Claire ; Redente, Edward F.

Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc

Restoration ecology 8 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1526-100X

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The geology of Mesa Verde National Park (MVNP) poses unique problems to road construction and maintenance. Major geologic formations of the Park consist of an overlying resistant sandstone cap underlain by highly erodable shales. Once this sandstone cap is removed, the shales are easily eroded away, creating the notable mesas of the region. In many places, road construction has removed the sandstone layer and vegetation resulting in unaesthetic barren slopes that require continual maintenance and have proven difficult to revegetate. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several cultural techniques combined with seeding and transplanting indigenous plants for revegetation of these roadcut slopes. Techniques evaluated were fertilization, mulching, soil pitting, and polyacrylamide amendments. Replicated test plots were established at three roadcut sites in MVNP to evaluate these techniques by measuring percent plant cover by species over a 4-year period. A combination of seeding grasses and transplanting forbs and shrubs appeared to be the optimal way to maintain species diversity and structure on the roadcuts while accomplishing the goal of revegetating these difficult sites. The perennial forb Aster glaucodes and the shrub Artemisia ludoviciana showed high survival when transplanted in the experimental roadcut sites. These species, as well as the perennial grass Pascopyrum smithii, also established well from seed. The addition of an organic fertilizer, in combination with mulch, proved to be the most effective method of improving vegetation cover for these and other transplanted species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80039.x

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Screening of Grassland Plants for Restoration after Spotted Knapweed Invasion (2005)

Perry, Laura G. ; Johnson, Chandra ; Alford, Élan R. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc

Restoration ecology 13 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1526-100X

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Invasions of North American grasslands by Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) are mediated in part by Spotted knapweed root exudation of (±)-catechin, a potent phytotoxin. Residual soil (±)-catechin may interfere with reestablishment of native grassland species even after Spotted knapweed populations are controlled. Grassland species that are resistant to (±)-catechin may be more successful for restoration of areas infested by Spotted knapweed. We evaluated the (±)-catechin resistance of 23 grassland species by measuring the effects of seven (±)-catechin concentrations (0–4.0 mg/mL) on seed germination, seedling root and shoot elongation, and seedling mortality. (±)-Catechin treatments were chosen to reflect the range of observed Spotted knapweed field soil (±)-catechin concentrations. Inhibition of root elongation was the strongest and most common effect of (±)-catechin treatment. High (±)-catechin concentrations reduced mean root lengths of 5 of the species by more than 75% and another 10 species by more than 55%. Experimentally derived concentrations needed to reduce root length by 50% (EC50), an indicator of (±)-catechin resistance, ranged from 0.43 mg/mL ± 0.30 SE to greater than 4.0 mg/mL among species. Eight species with EC50s greater than 3.0 mg/mL were identified as resistant to (±)-catechin and are likely suitable for revegetation of Spotted knapweed–infested areas. (±)-Catechin resistance was positively correlated with mean seed mass, suggesting that seed carbohydrate reserves may allow seedlings to detoxify (±)-catechin, develop barriers to (±)-catechin exposure, or sustain a positive growth rate, despite (±)-catechin-induced cell death. Future efforts to identify allelochemical-resistant grassland species should focus on large-seeded species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00092.x

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Long-Term Effects of Biosolids on Revegetation of Disturbed Sagebrush Steppe in Northwestern Colorado (2005)

Paschke, Mark W. ; Topper, Karl ; Brobst, Robert B. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc

Restoration ecology 13 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1526-100X

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: A study was conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of biosolids amendment on restoration of disturbed sagebrush steppe habitat in northwestern Colorado. Twenty-four years after biosolids amendment, soil fertility and plant community development were studied in replicated plots receiving various biosolids amendments on two different substrates. The two substrates used were a subsoil, determined to have low initial fertility, and a topsoil over retorted shale substrate, determined to have relatively high initial fertility. Results suggest that biosolids amendments have long-lasting effects on soil fertility and plant community composition, but these effects vary between the two substrates that were utilized. Within the plots established on subsoil, the long-term effect of biosolids was a reduction in plant species diversity and dominance by perennial grasses. On the topsoil substrate, there was a decrease in perennial grasses and an increase in shrub dominance with increasing biosolids. Results demonstrate the importance of considering initial soil conditions, seed mixture, and biosolids application rate when using biosolids for restoration of disturbed sagebrush steppe habitat. The long-term effects of the biosolids treatments at this site demonstrate the need to consider restoration treatment effects over longer and more ecologically meaningful time frames.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00068.x

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4

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Roadside Use of Native Plants (2002)

Paschke, Mark W.

Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science, Inc.

Restoration ecology 10 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1526-100X

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.10119.x

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5

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Original Articles: Nitrogen Availability and Old-Field Succession in a Shortgrass Steppe (2000)

Paschke, Mark W. ; McLendon, Terry ; Redente, Edward F.

Springer

Ecosystems 3 (2000), S. 144-158

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ISSN: 1435-0629

Keywords: Key words: old-field succession; nitrogen availability; plant-soil system; semiarid rangeland restoration.

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: ABSTRACT The relationship between soil nitrogen (N) availability and plant community structure was investigated in old-fields in the shortgrass steppe of Colorado. Nitrogen availability was manipulated by N or sucrose additions for 4 years at three old-fields (early-seral, mid-seral, and late-seral) and at an uncultivated control site. The addition of N generally resulted in increased abundance of annual forbs and grasses relative to perennials at all of the previously cultivated sites. Conversely, experimental reduction of N availability generally increased the relative abundance of perennials. Despite a lack of detectable differences in N mineralization between sites and treatments, ion-exchange resin bags confirmed that sucrose additions reduced plant-available N and that N additions increased plant-available N. This was evidenced further by similar observations for plant tissue N content. The degree to which N additions increased N availability at the various sites supported the idea that late-seral plant communities are less effective at N capture relative to earlier-seral communities. The mid-seral old-field had the lowest rates of litter decomposition and a relatively large accumulation of litter on the soil surface. This mid-seral old-field was dominated by an exotic annual grass (Bromus tectorum), which appears to be a major hindrance to redevelopment of the plant-soil system. By experimentally reducing N availability at this stage, we were able, in 4 years, to change the plant community into one that more closely resembled the late-seral community. We also observed that the natural recruitment of weedy annual species on the uncultivated site during an unusually wet year was suppressed by reducing N availability. Our results suggest that available N is an important factor controlling the rate and course of plant and soil community redevelopment on abandoned croplands in the shortgrass steppe, and that manipulation of N availability might be useful in restoration of rangeland vegetation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100210000016

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6

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The occurrence of Frankia in tropical forest soils of Costa Rica (1992)

Paschke, Mark W. ; Dawson, Jeffrey O.

Springer

Plant and soil 142 (1992), S. 63-67

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: actinorhizal plants ; Costa Rica ; dinitrogen-fixation ; Frankia ; root nodules ; symbiosis ; tropical soils

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Infective and effective Frankia were shown to occur in five diverse tropical forest soils of Costa Rica. Results of a plant infection assay indicated that Frankia is a common component of the soil biota in low and high elevation, primary and secondary forest soils. This is the first report of Frankia in lowland tropical rainforests of the Americas. These results suggest either a nonsymbiotic population of soil Frankia, the presence of unknown actinorhizal host species, or an ability of Frankia to be dispersed over long distances.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010175

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7

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Nodulation patterns of actinorhizal plants in the family rosaceae (1994)

Kohls, Steven J. ; Thimmapuram, Jyothi ; Buschena, Cindy A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 229-239

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Frankia ; nitrogen fixation ; symbioses

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Patterns of nodulation, growth, andFrankia — host specificity have not been well characterized for the actinorhizal genera in the family Rosaceae because of the scarcity ofFrankia isolates from these taxa. Furthermore, the few isolates available from actinorhizal Rosaceae have consistently failed to nodulate plants from the host genus. In a series of experiments, species of rosaceousDryas, Cowania, Cercocarpus, Fallugia, andPurshia were inoculated withFrankia isolates, crushedDryas actinorhizae, and neoglacial soils to ascertain whether any of these inocula would effectively induce nodulation. Neoglacial soils from Alaska and Canada nodulated not only the localDryas drummondii, but alsoCercocarpus betuloides, Cowania mexicana andPurshia tridentata from distant and ecologically diverse locales as well as nonrosaceous, actinorhizal species ofAlnus, Elaeagnus, Myrica, andShepherdia. But of eightFrankia isolates, including two fromPurshia tridentata and one fromCowania mexicana, none were able to induce nodulation onPurshia orCowania species. Globular, actinorhizae-like nodules incapable of acetylene reduction were produced onC. betuloides inoculated withFrankia isolates. Crushed nodule suspensions fromDryas drummondii nodulated rosaceousCowania, Dryas andPurshia, as well as non-rosaceousElaeagnus, Myrica, andShepherdia species. Nodules produced by inoculation ofCowania mexicana andPurshia tridentata with crushed, dried nodule suspensions fromDryas drummondii reduced acetylene to ethylene, indicating nitrogenase activity for these nodulated plants. These data suggest that a similar microsymbiont infects the actinorhizal genera in the family Rosaceae.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01347710

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8

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Soil nitrogen mineralization in plantations ofJuglans nigra interplanted with actinorhizalElaeagnus umbellata orAlnus glutinosa (1989)

Paschke, Mark W. ; Dawson, Jeffrey O. ; David, Mark B.

Springer

Plant and soil 118 (1989), S. 33-42

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: alder ; autumn-olive ; black walnut ; interplanting ; nitrification ; nitrogen cycling ; nitrogen fertility

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Nitrogen mineralization rates were estimated in 19-year-old interplantings of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) with dinitrogen fixing autumn-olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) or black alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) and in pure walnut plantings at two locations in Illinois USA. N mineralization rates were measured repeatedly over a one year period usingin situ incubations of soil cores in oxygen-permeable polyethylene bags at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depths, and also by burying mixed-bed ion-exchange resin in soil. Mineralization rates were highest in summer and in plots containing actinorhizal Elaeagnus and Alnus in contrast with pure walnut plots. Elaeagnus plots at one location yielded 236 kg of mineral N ha−1 yr−1 in the upper 20 cm of soil, a value higher than previously reported for temperate decidous forest soils in North America. The highest mean plot values for N mineralization in soil at a location were 185 kg ha−1 yr−1 for Alnus interplantings and 90 kg ha−1 yr−1 for pure walnut plots. Plots which had high N mineralization rates also had the largest walnut trees. Despite low pH (4.1 and 6.5) and low extractable P concentrations (1.4 and 0.7 mg kg−1 dry mass) at the two locations, nitrification occurred in all plots throughout the growing season. NO 3 − −N was the major form of mineralized N in soil in the actinorhizal interplantings, with NH 4 + −N being the major form of mineral N in control plots. Walnut size was highly correlated with soil nitrogen mineralization, particularly soil NO 3 − −N production in a plot.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232788

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