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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conformation fo poly-L-alanine in hexafluoroisopropanol (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1001-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-molecular-weight poly-L-alanine dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol exhibits infrared, ultraviolet, circular dichroism, and optical rotatory dispersion spectra which are unique and unlike any other previously reported polypeptide spectra. Strong evidence that a helical conformation is present is shown by the high degree of hypochromism in the 187mμ absorption peak and by the positions of the amide infrared bands. The CD and ORD spectra are also similar to those of α-helical polypeptides, though important qualitative and qualitative differences are observed. To explain the novel spectra, which are not mixtures of the spectra of previously reported polypeptide conformations, a new α-helix-like conformation is proposed. The postulated conformation (a doubly hydrogen-bonded helix) is a distorted α-helix in which the peptide carbonyl groups point slightly out from the helix axis and are hydrogen bonded simul taneously both to the NH of the fourth peptide residue to the carboxyl terminal side (as in the classical α-helix), as well as to a solvent molecule's hydroxyl hydrogen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1972.360110506
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic studies of random chain and α-helical polypeptides in hexafluoroisopropanol (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 10 (1971), S. 1491-1512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The infrared, ultraviolet, circular dichroism, and optical rotatory dispersion spectra of five synthetic polypeptides dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol are reported. This solvent is useful because it dissolves most proteins and non-ionic polypeptides and also is transparent in spectral regions critical for polypeptide conformational diagnoses. Poly-γ-morpholinylethyl-L-glutamamide has random chain type spectra in this solvent, whereas the spectra of poly-γ-methyl-L-glutamate, poly-L-methionine, poly-ε, N-Carbo-benzoxy-L-lysine, and poly-L-homoserine indicate that these four polypeptides are α-helical. Small but significant variability between the different α-helical polypeptides is seen in their circular dichroism spectra and optical rotatory dispersions. An argument is presented that these differences may be due to slight geometry differences between different α-helices.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360100906
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Geological evaluation of the MSRAD field site by a human field party: Implications for rover-based exploration operations and for the future human exploration of Mars (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Space Station Biological Research Project (SSBRP) Cell Culture Unit (CCU) and incubator for International Space Station (ISS) cell culture experiments (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The CCU and Incubator are habitats under development by SSBRP for gravitational biology research on ISS. They will accommodate multiple specimen types and reside in either Habitat Holding Racks, or the Centrifuge Rotor, which provides selectable gravity levels of up to 2 g. The CCU can support multiple Cell Specimen Chambers, CSCs (18, 9 or 6 CSCs; 3, 10 or 30 mL in volume, respectively). CSCs are temperature controlled from 4-39 degrees C, with heat shock to 45 degrees C. CCU provides automated nutrient supply, magnetic stirring, pH/O2 monitoring, gas supply, specimen lighting, and video microscopy. Sixty sample containers holding up to 2 mL each, stored at 4-39 degrees C, are available for automated cell sampling, subculture, and injection of additives and fixatives. CSCs, sample containers, and fresh/spent media bags are crew-replaceable for long-term experiments. The Incubator provides a 4-45 degrees C controlled environment for life science experiments or storage of experimental reagents. Specimen containers and experiment unique equipment are experimenter-provided. The Specimen Chamber exchanges air with ISS cabin and has 18.8 liters of usable volume that can accommodate six trays and the following instrumentation: five relocatable thermometers, two 60 W power outlets, four analog ports, and one each relative humidity sensor, video port, ethernet port and digital input/output port.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology (ISSN 1077-9248); Volume 11; 1; 93-103
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Optimal use of human and machine resources for Space Station assembly operations (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This paper investigates the issues involved in determining the best mix of human and machine resources for assembly of the Space Station. It presents the current Station assembly sequence, along with descriptions of the available assembly resources. A number of methodologies for optimizing the human/machine tradeoff problem have been developed, but the Space Station assembly offers some unique issues that have not yet been addressed. These include a strong constraint on available EVA time for early flights and a phased deployment of assembly resources over time. A methodology for incorporating the previously developed decision methods to the special case of the Space Station is presented. This methodology emphasizes an application of multiple qualitative and quantitative techniques, including simulation and decision analysis, for producing an objective, robust solution to the tradeoff problem.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 88-3498
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Opportunities for space station assembly operations during crew absence (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Prior to Permanently Manned Capability (to be achieved approximately 21 months after the First Element Launch), the Space Station will be manned for less than 10 percent of its total staytime on orbit. The most intensive and critical Station assembly operations will occur during these early flights. Some robotic resources may be available to perform assembly operations while the Station crew is absent; however, the use of robotic devices for assembly operations during unmanned phases has not yet been adopted by the Space Station program. This paper studies the relevant aspects of teleoperated and autonomous assembly activities, and presents candidate assembly operations that could be performed during crew absence. From this analysis, the potential benefits of remote control of robotic resources can be weighed against any associated increase in cost and complexity that would accompany implementation of this capability.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 89-0398
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Ground controlled robotic assembly operations for Space Station Freedom (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: A number of dextrous robotic systems and associated positioning and transportation devices are available on Space Station Freedom (SSF) to perform assembly tasks that would otherwise need to be performed by extravehicular activity (EVA) crewmembers. The currently planned operating mode for these robotic systems during the assembly phase is teleoperation by intravehicular activity (IVA) crewmembers. While this operating mode is less hazardous and expensive than manned EVA operations, and has insignificant control loop time delays, the amount of IVA time available to support telerobotic operations is much less than the anticipated requirements. Some alternative is needed to allow the robotic systems to perform useful tasks without exhausting the available IVA resources; ground control is one such alternative. The issues associated with ground control of SSF robotic systems to alleviate onboard crew time availability constraints are investigated. Key technical issues include the effect of communication time delays, the need for safe, reliable execution of remote operations, and required modifications to the SSF ground and flight system architecture. Time delay compensation techniques such as predictive displays and world model-based force reflection are addressed and collision detection and avoidance strategies to ensure the safety of the on-orbit crew, Orbiter, and SSF are described. Although more time consuming and difficult than IVA controlled teleoperations or manned EVA, ground controlled telerobotic operations offer significant benefits during the SSF assembly phase, and should be considered in assembly planning activities.
    Keywords: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Fourth Annual Workshop on Space Operations Applications and Research (SOAR 90); p 184-191
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    The NASA Mars Exploration Program and Future Missions (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-14
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JPL-CL-16-3832 , In Space Chemical Propulsion Engine for the Next 50 years; Aug 24, 2016; Pasadena, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Opportunities for space station assembly operations during crew absence (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 27; 338-345
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    SMART: A Propositional Logic-Based Trade Analysis and Risk Assessment Tool for a Complex Mission (2015)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper introduces a new trade analysis software called the Space Mission Architecture and Risk Analysis Tool (SMART). This tool supports a high-level system trade study on a complex mission, such as a potential Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission, in an intuitive and quantitative manner. In a complex mission, a common approach to increase the probability of success is to have redundancy and prepare backups. Quantitatively evaluating the utility of adding redundancy to a system is important but not straightforward, particularly when the failure of parallel subsystems are correlated.
    Keywords: Systems Analysis and Operations Research
    Type: IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 07, 2015 - Mar 14, 2015; Big Sky, MT; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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