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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of two human hair reference materials issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two new human hair reference materials, with different levels of mercury and methylmercury, have been developed and characterized by the International Atomic Energy Agency, for use in validation of measurements for mercury exposure. The set of materials consists of IAEA-086, with a low level of methylmercury, and IAEA-085, with an elevated methylmercury level. An international intercomparison exercise was carried out, and 68 institutes from 40 countries have contributed data. Based on the evaluation of the results from the intercomparison and analyses by expert laboratories, values of 23.2 and 0.57 mg/kg total mercury are recommended for IAEA-085 and IAEA-086, respectively. Values for methylmercury are recommended at 22.9 mg/kg, MeHg as Hg, for IAEA-085, and at 0.26 mg/kg, MeHg as Hg, for IAEA-086. Recommended and information values are also given for other selected trace elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050726
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey of reference materials for trace elements, nuclides and organic microcontaminants (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 350-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in co-operation with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), has recently prepared a survey on internationally available analytical reference materials for trace elements, nuclides and organic contaminants in biological, environmental and related matrices. The purpose is to help analysts to select reference materials for quality assurance that match as closely as possible, with respect to matrix type and concentrations of the measurands of interest, the “real” samples that are to be measured. The present version of the survey, which is available in the form of two cost-free printed volumes [1], contains over 10,000 certified and information values in 650 reference materials from 27 different producers. The 455 measurands listed include trace elements, major and minor elements, organic contaminants, organometallic compounds, radionuclides and stable isotopes. Currently, the database from which the survey has been produced is being modified and extended so as to make the data available in electronic form via the Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050708
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IAEA analytical quality assurance programmes to meet the present and future needs of developing countries (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract For many years the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been promoting analytical quality assurance and quality control in its Member States with emphasis on measurands that are amenable to analysis by nuclear and related techniques, i.e. radionuclides, trace elements, and stable isotopes. This paper reviews briefly the rationale for some of these activities, particularly in relation to the needs of participants in developing countries arising out of co-ordinated research programmes, technical co-operation projects and global and regional networks. Emphasis is given to biological and environmental reference materials with a matrix of natural origin. Also described are some activities arising out of the requirements of ISO-25 and other relevant international quality standards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050694
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of nuclear analytical techniques in human nutrition research as exemplified by research programmes of the international atomic energy agency (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 110 (1987), S. 491-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In human nutrition research, nuclear analytical techniques, particularly neutron activation analysis (NAA), are used mainly for thein vitro study of trace elements. According to work sponsored by the IAEA, up to 15 trace elements and 5 minor elements of nutritional interest may be determined in biological materials by NAA with good accuracy and precision. A programme is described in which NAA was used for the determination of 14 trace elements and one minor element in human milk. NAA also plays an important role in the certification of reference materials for nutritional studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035539
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of minor and trace elements in Turkish diet by duplicate portion technique (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 124 (1988), S. 289-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The minor and trace element content of diet samples from two different social population groups were determined. Samples were prepared by duplicate portion technique by colecting everything 16 subjects ate and drank during a 3-day period. Samples were homogenized, freeze-dried and elemental concentrations of Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, Na, Rb, Sc, Se and Zn were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Elemental concentrations and daily dietary intake of the elements were compared with the diets of other nations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041322
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple destructive neutron activation analysis of mercury and selenium in biological materials using activated charcoal (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 125 (1988), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A simple destructive neutron activation method for the determination of Hg and Se has been developed. The irradiated, sample is heated in a stream of oxygen at 1000°C, in a quartz tube in which two charcoal traps are positioned. The evaporated Hg, Se and contaminants such as Br are collected in the first charcoal trap. Only Hg is removed to the second trap by heating the first one at 750°C in a stream of nitrogen. The charcoal traps are them measured with a Ge(Li) detector. The analytical results obtained by this method for Hg and Se in several biological standard reference materials showed good agreement with the certified values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041763
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical Quality Assurance Procedures Developed for the IAEA's Reference Asian Man Project (Phase 2) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 245 (2000), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Analytical quality assurance procedures adopted for use in the IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project on Ingestion and Organ Content of Trace Elements of Importance in Radiological Protection are designed to ensure comparability of the analytical results for Cs, I, Sr, Th, U and other elements in human tissues and diets collected and analysed in nine participating countries. The main analytical techniques are NAA and ICP-MS. For sample preparation, all participants are using identical food blenders which have been centrally supplied after testing for contamination. For quality control of the analyses, six NIST SRMs covering a range of matrices with certified and reference values for the elements of interest have been distributed. A new Japanese reference diet material has also been developed. These quality assurance procedures are summarized here and new data are presented for Cs, I, Sr, Th and U in the NIST SRMs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006712813369
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the role of neutron activation analysis in the certification of a new reference material for trace-element studies, mixed human diet, H-9 (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 123 (1988), S. 259-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A new biological reference material, which is representative of diets consumed in Finland, has been characterized by means of an intercomparison exercise conducted by the IAEA in the second half of 1985 and in 1986. Results for 35 elements received from 79 participants in 33 countries have been evaluated. A certificate of analysis has been issued with provisional certified values for 22 elements and information values for 2 elements. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) provided approximately one third of all the results reported. Instrumental NAA was used approximately 5 times as frequently as radiochemical NAA. Overall, NAA played an important role in providing useful data for the following 20 elements: Al, As, Br, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, F, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se and Zn. In comparison with the main competing non-nuclear method (usually atomic absorption spectrometry), NAA showed a larger dispersion of results for Cd, Cu, K, and Mg, and a smaller degree of dispersion for Co, Cr, Hg, and Se.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036396
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear techniques applied to air particulate matter studies (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 217 (1997), S. 5-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The most important fraction of aerosols with respect to human health is the respirable fraction, which has particles less than 10 μm in equivalent aerodynamic diameter (EAD), the so called PM 10 fraction. The collection of these respirable particles and the determination of their trace element composition is the focus of an IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme (CRP). The IAEA Laboratory participated in this Programme and established collection sites for the air particulate samples on the grounds of the Atominstitute of the Austrian Universities in Vienna and the IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, representing an urban residential site and a rural site. The collected samples as well as samples of simulated air filters (used also for blind controls) and control materials were analyzed sequentially and/or in sections by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results demonstrate the applicability of the PM-10 sampling approach, provided PIXE and/or INAA are used in the determinations. Reliable results can be obtained that will lead in comparable air pollution data for many regions in the world through CRP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055341
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear-related analytical techniques: Literature retrieval from the INIS database (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 133 (1989), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The applicability of the INIS database for literature retrieval on nuclear-related analytical techniques [e.g. neutron activation analysis (NAA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE)] has been studied. There exist about 9700 documents on NAA and other forms of activation analysis, about 3500 documents on XRF and about 1200 documents on PIXE in the database collected from 1976 until July 1988. They cover a variety of elements and matrices in the fields of biology, geochemistry and the physical sciences. Some technical notes and comments on the practical use of this database are also included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02060498
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