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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rates of change of adaptive variation in Picea mariana visualized by GIS using a differential systematic coefficient (2000)
    Springer
    New forests 20 (2000), S. 259-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: black spruce ; breeding zones ; Differential Systematic Coefficient ; genecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Data from a short-term provenancetrial of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)B.S.P.) were used to illustrate a methodology to helplocate breeding zone boundaries using adaptivevariation models. Four height growth and survivalvariables were summarized by principal componentsanalysis (PCA), and the first three axis scores wereregressed against climate data determined from arecently developed Ontario Climate Model. Theregression equations were used to model the PCA axes,and these models were interpreted as the three maincomponents of adaptive variation in the data. Thesemodels were converted to geographic grids using GISsoftware. In a manner similar to that proposed fordifferential systematics applications, theDifferential Systematic Coefficient (DSC) was adaptedto be an indicator of the weighted average rate ofchange of clinally expressed adaptive variation overdistance. An output grid was determined based on theDSC values, such that grid cells with highercoefficient values were made to appear darker on theresultant map; thus, the shaded areas corresponded tosteeper portions of the clines of adaptive variationand serve as desirable indicators of the bestlocations for breeding zone boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006736019650
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genecological variation corresponding to Forest Ecosystem Classification vegetation and soil types for jack pine and black spruce from northwestern Ontario (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 39 (1996), S. 589-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A preliminary study was undertaken to reveal ecotypic differentiation in jack pine and black spruce corresponding to ecological land classification groups. Seed sources of jack pine (64) and black spruce (68) from northwestern Ontario were classified according to Vegetation Types (V-Types) and Soil Types (S-Types) defined by the Forest Ecosystem Classification (FEC) developed by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Canada for northwestern Ontario. Two short-term common garden field trials and a greenhouse trial were established for each species. Significant differences were present among ecological groupings of seed sources for both species. These differences were expressed according to V-Types and S-Types based on first, second, and third year heights as well as needle flushing dates for jack pine and second year growth increments for black spruce. Rank differences among the groups based on FEC V-Types and S-Types were generally consistent for each of the two species although certain groups showed rank reversals at the two field trials. Apparently, selection pressures corresponding to different FEC V-Types and S-Types have resulted in a detectable pattern of adaptive variation for both jack pine and black spruce in northwestern Ontario. However, the management implications for these two species are uncertain since additional tests are required to verify these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396171
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  • 3
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    Comparison of canonical correlation and regression based focal point seed zones of white spruce (2006)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-01
    Description: The focal point seed zone methodology determines spatially explicit areas of adaptive similarity for any selected geographic point and is used to match seed sources and planting sites. A total of 127 seed sources (provenances) of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) from Ontario and western Quebec were established at a greenhouse and in six field trials throughout Ontario. Growth and phenological variables were measured over three growing seasons. Two focal point seed zone methodologies were employed: (i) using models derived from principal components analysis (PCA) of biological response variables followed by multiple linear regression against climate variables and (ii) using models derived from canonical correlation analysis (CANCOR). While both approaches use climate data to model adaptive variation, CANCOR reduces the number of steps in the analysis by simultaneously finding the relationships of biological and climatic variables that maximize the covariance between the two data sets. Although more of the variation in adaptive biological traits was actually described by climate variables using the PCAregression approach, this method produced intuitively less realistic patterns. Both methods showed similar overall geographic trends, but the CANCOR method had a finer resolution, especially in southern Ontario, presumably due to statistical efficiency; growth was modeled by all climate variables.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 4
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    Vegetative phenology in a clonal seed orchard of Piceaglauca and Piceamariana in northwestern Ontario (1982)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-01
    Description: The vegetative phenology of Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss and P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. was determined in 1979 based on four ramets selected from each of 14 clones of each species located at a seed orchard in northern Ontario. The time of flushing of the leaders and four lateral branches was determined by a qualitative index of bud and shoot development; time of growth cessation was scored as the date at which 95% of shoot growth was complete. The flushing of the vegetative buds of white spruce lasted for a 10-day period compared with only 6 days for black spruce. Although the average date of flushing for white spruce clones was 9 days ahead of the average date for black spruce clones, the latest white spruce clone flushed only 3 days before the earliest black spruce clones. As well, degree-day requirements for flushing were significantly different for clones within each of the two species. These results suggest that the selection of late-flushing white spruce trees for seed orchard stock has the potential to decrease spring frost damage in this species in northern Ontario. Date of budbreak was not correlated with date of growth cessation for either white or black spruce; however, early-flushing clones of black spruce produced significantly greater leader extension than late-flushing clones.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 5
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    Optimal white spruce breeding zones for Ontario under current and future climates (2010)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-01
    Description: Optimal breeding zones were developed for white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in Ontario under present and future climate conditions to examine potential shifts due to climate change. These zones were developed by (i) determining a set of candidate breeding zones based on the relationship between measured performance variables and climate and (ii) employing a decision support model to select subsets of breeding zones that maximize geographic coverage subject to a constraint on the maximum number of zones. Current optimal breeding zones were based on 1961–1990 climate normals, and future breeding zones were based on three general circulation model (CGCM2, HADCM3, and CSIRO) predictions of 2041–2070 climate. Based on a maximum adaptive distance of 2.0 least significant difference values between sites within zones, 14 zones were required to cover the Ontario range of white spruce for the 1961–1990 data. Compared with breeding zones of other boreal conifers, current optimal breeding zones for white spruce were quite large, spanning up to 3° latitude and 10°–12° longitude and indicating large distances of effective seed transfer. Of the three general circulation models used to simulate future climate, HADCM3 B2 and CGCM2 B2 predicted 2041–2070 breeding zones that largely coincide with 1961–1990 zones. In contrast, CSIRO B2 indicated much narrower 2041–2070 breeding zones.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 6
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    Provisional breeding zone determination modeled as a maximal covering location problem (2005)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-01
    Description: This study was a first attempt to model the problem of delineating breeding zones as a maximal covering location problem. The method involves two steps. First, a comprehensive set of candidate breeding zones is generated for a region using the focal point seed zone method. This method allows for control over the adaptive difference of genetic material within each zone. A grid of points is used to create the set of candidate breeding zones: one zone per point. Next, candidate zones are entered into a maximal covering location model formulated to suit this problem. The objective of this model is to select a subset of candidate zones that maximally covers the area of the region, given a limit on the number of zones to be selected and on the adaptive dissimilarity allowed within zones. Through use of this method, decision-makers can gain insight into how many breeding zones are needed to cover the region. Using different inputs from the focal point seed zone method, it is also possible to explore the trade-offs between the quantity and the quality of breeding zones. The method was tested on data from a series of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) common garden trials of 102 seed sources from northwestern Ontario.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    Boreal forest provenance tests used to predict optimal growth and response to climate change: 2. Black spruce (2009)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-01
    Description: Height, diameter, and survival data were obtained from 20 range-wide black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) provenance trials established from 1973 to 1977. Population response functions based on February minimum temperatures were developed for 23 Ontario and Great Lakes states provenances to predict climate values maximizing height growth for individual seed sources. Site transfer functions based on February maximum temperatures and May maximum temperatures were developed for five test sites to predict climate values maximizing height growth for test locations. Contour lines representing optimal performance were fitted to current (1961–1990) and future (2041–2070) climate grids. For black spruce seed sources from the east of Lake Superior and Lake Huron, optimal height growth was achieved between 45° and 47°N; for the western sources optimal performance moved north between 46° and 48°N. In eastern Ontario, height growth of northern sources may increase with transfer to warmer environments and with future temperature increases. Central sources are currently growing at or close to optimum and will be negatively affected by increased future temperatures. Southern sources may currently benefit from transfer to cooler environments, and the effects of global warming may cause significant height growth loss and the potential extirpation of local populations.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Boreal forest provenance tests used to predict optimal growth and response to climate change. 1. Jack pine (2008)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-01
    Description: Height, diameter, and survival data were obtained from 16 rangewide jack pine provenance trials in eastern Canada and the United States. Climate data for each seed source and test location were used to relate height growth to 72 climate variables. Population response functions based on August minimum and January maximum temperatures were developed to predict climate values maximizing height growth for individual seed sources. Site transfer functions based on March precipitation and December minimum temperature were developed to predict climate values maximizing height growth for test locations. Contour lines representing optimal performance were fitted to current (1971–2000) and future (2041–2070) climate grids. Optimal growth is currently achieved between 46°N and 47°N latitude for most seed sources. Future temperature increases are expected to cause a northward shift of the optimal habitat by approximately 2°. Northern sources are growing at temperatures below optimum and would benefit from warmer environments provided other environmental factors do not become limiting. Central sources are growing at close to optimum and will be negatively affected by increased temperatures in the future. Southern sources performed better in cooler environments, and warmer temperatures may cause significant height growth loss and the potential extirpation of these populations.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Flavonoids of Abies amabilis needles (1979)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9422
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3700
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Flavonol glycosides of Limnanthes douglasii (1975)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1975-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9422
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3700
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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