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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study was conducted to compare l-ascorbyl-2-glucose (AA2G) with l-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-Na/Ca (AMP-Na/Ca) for supplying the dietary vitamin C for juvenile Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). Fish were fed one of seven semi-purified diets containing equivalents of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg ascorbic acid (AA) kg−1 diet in the form of AA2G or AMP-Na/Ca for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of feeding, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and survival of fish fed the vitamin C-free diet were significantly lower than those of fish fed the vitamin C-supplemented diets in either form. The hepatosomatic index, condition factor and survival of fish fed AMP-Na/Ca100, AMP-Na/Ca200, AA2G100 and AA2G200 diets were significantly higher than fish fed the vitamin C-free diet. After 9 weeks of feeding, fish fed the vitamin C-free diet began to show vitamin C deficiency signs such as anorexia and lethargy. At the end of the 12-week feeding trial, fish fed the vitamin C-free diet exhibited vitamin C deficiency signs, e.g., anorexia, scoliosis, exophthalmia and fin haemorrhage. Vitamin C retention in the muscle and liver was similar to those of fish fed AA2G- or AMP-Na/Ca-supplemented diets. In general, there was no significant difference in the muscle and liver vitamin C concen-tration in fish fed the AA2G and AMP-Na/Ca diets at the same supplementation levels.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two experiments were conducted to determine the optimum dietary inclusion level of dehulled soybean meal (DHSM) as a fish meal (FM) replacement in diets for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. All the experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic to contain 50% crude protein (CP) and 16.7 kJ energy g−1 diet. In the first experiment, eight diets were formulated to replace FM with DHSM at 0%, 10%, 20% without amino acid (AA) supplementation; 20%, 30%, 40% with AA supplementation and 30%, 40% with AA & attractant supplementation (DHSM0, DHSM10, DHSM20, DHSM20+AA, DHSM30+AA, DHSM30+AA+Att, DHSM40+AA, DHSM40+AA+Att respectively). Triplicate groups of 25 fish averaging 5.0±0.04 g (mean±SD) were fed one of eight experimental diets for 8 weeks. In the second experiment, six diets were formulated to replace FM with DHSM at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% without attractant supplementation and 20%, 30% with attractant supplementation (DHSM0, DHSM10, DHSM20, DHSM30, DHSM20+Att, DHSM30+Att respectively). Triplicate groups of 15 fish averaging 45.5±0.08 g (mean±SD) were fed one of six experimental diets for 10 weeks.Based on growth performance, we concluded that DHSM could replace FM up to 20% without AAs (lysine and methionine) and attractant supplementation, and up to 30% with AAs and/or attractant supplementation in diets for fingerling and growing olive flounder.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: To investigate the potential synergistic effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA), α-tocopheryl acetate (TA) and selenium (Se) supplementation above minimum requirement levels on the growth performance and disease challenge of fingerling Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., five experimental diets were formulated: control (150 mg AA, 100 mg TA and 0.2 mg Se per kg diet), excessive ascorbic acid (eAA) (2000 mg AA, 100 mg TA and 0.2 mg Se per kg diet), excessive α-tocopheryl acetate (eTA) (150 mg AA, 240 mg TA and 0.2 mg Se per kg diet), excessive selenium (eSe) (150 mg AA, 100 mg TA and 0.5 mg Se per kg diet) and excessive all (eALL) (2000 mg AA, 240 mg TA and 0.5 mg Se per kg diet). Experimental fish averaging 2.9 were randomly distributed in each aquarium as a group of 40 fish with total weight 116±2.9 g (mean±SD). Each diet was fed on a dry-matter basis to fish in three randomly selected aquaria at a rate of 4–8% of total body weight daily. After 10 weeks of the feeding trial, fish fed eAA, eTA and eALL diets had significantly higher weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate than fish fed eSe and control diets (P〈0.05). There was no significant difference among fish fed five experimental diets in cumulative mortalities when fish were challenged with Edwardsiella tarda at the end of the experimental period. These results indicate that sufficient supplementation of dietary AA or TA had positive effects on growth performance, but there was no synergistic effect of excessive dietary AA, TA and Se supplementation on growth performance and disease resistance to E. tarda in fingerling Nile tilapia.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary protein to energy (P/E) ratio in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Eight experimental diets were formulated with two energy levels and four protein levels at each energy level. Two energy levels of 12.5 and 16.7 kJ g−1 diets were included at crude protein (CP) levels of 25%, 30%, 35% and 45% with 12.5 kJ g−1, and CP levels of 35%, 45%, 50% and 60% with 16.7 kJ g−1. After 1 week of the conditioning period, fish initially averaging 8.1±0.08 g (mean±SD) were randomly distributed into the aquarium as groups of 15 fish. Each diet was fed on a dry-matter basis to fish in three randomly selected aquariums at a rate of 3–5% of total wet body weight per day for 8 weeks.After 8 weeks of the feeding trial, weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio and specific growth rate of fish fed 45% CP with 16.7 kJ g−1 energy diet were significantly higher than those from the other dietary treatments (P〈0.05). WG of fish fed 12.5 kJ g−1 energy diets increased with the increase of dietary protein levels. However, WG of fish fed 16.7 kJ g−1 energy diets increased with the increase of dietary protein levels up to 45% CP and then decreased when fish fed 50% and 60% CP diets. Both dietary protein and energy affected protein retention efficiency and energy retention efficiency. Haemoglobin (Hb) of fish fed 35% and 45% CP diets with 12.5 kJ g−1 energy were significantly high and not different from Hb of fish fed 45% and 50% CP diets with 16.7 kJ g−1 energy. Haematocrit of fish fed 45% CP diet with 16.7 kJ g−1 energy was significantly higher than those from fish fed 25% and 30% CP diets with 12.5 kJ g−1 energy (P〈 0.05). Based on the results of this experiment, we concluded that the optimum dietary P/E ratio was 27.5 mg protein kJ−1 with diet containing 45% CP and 16.7 kJ g−1 energy in juvenile olive flounder.
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