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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of forage quality and concentrate level on dry matter intake and milk production of British Friesian heifers (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Thirty-six British Friesian heifers were divided into two groups during weeks 3-26 of lactation and received ad libitum either good (G) or average (A) quality grass silage. The in vitro digestible organic matter in the DM was 680 and 600 g kg-1 for silages G and A, respectively. In addition, the heifers in each group were offered concentrate at either a low (4.3 kg DM d-1), medium (64 kg DM d-1) or high (8.4 kg DM d-1) level. The concentrate contained 180 g (kg DM)-1 of crude protein and had a calculated metabolizable energy concentration of 12.9 MJ (kg DM)-1.Increasing concentrate level significantly increased milk yield (P 〈 0.01), milk protein concentration (P 〈 0.05), and yield of both milk protein depressed milk fat concentration (P 〈 0.001) and silage intake (P 〈 0.001).Although the overall effect of silage quality on milk yield was not significant, the milk yields for silage G at each concentrate level were higher, significantly so for low level, than the corresponding values for silage A. An improvement in silage quality did not affect milk fat concentration but significantly increased the concentration of milk protein (P 〈 005) and yields of both milk fat (P 〈 005) and protein (P 〈 0001). The response of silage DM intake to improved silage quality was 0 06 kg DM per 10 g rise in vitro DOMD value. Each additional kg concentrate DM depressed intake of silages G and A by 0-63 and 0-27 kg DM, respectively. Substitution rate was also significantly related to stage of lactation.With both silages, the digestibility coefficients determined in vivo for acid detergent fibre (ADF) decreased significantly (P 〈 0.001) when concentrate level was increased from low to high. Differences for DM, OM and total N digestibility coefficients between treatments were not established as significant at the 5% level.Estimates of mean efficiency of utilization of ME for lactation, made on a weekly basis, were 049 and 052 for the heifers given silages G and A. respectively, and 048, 052 and 052 for those given the low, medium and high levels of concentrate. Energy balances were calculated on a mean weekly basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1987.tb02090.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF HEAVY DRESSINGS OF SLURRY ON FORAGE MAIZE PRODUCTION (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Cow slony was incorporated into land at levels equivalent to 0, 125, 250 or 500 t/ha (0, 50, 100 or 200 tons/ac) shortly before sowing maize (INRA 200). Quantity and quality determinations were made on the crop at 73, 93, 115 and 137 days after plant emergence.The slurry dressings delayed the emergence of maize plants. The 250 t/ha (100 tons/ac) treatment gave a significant increase in DM yield at the final harvest, but 500 t/ha (200 tons/ac) tended to depress yields of the whole crop and of the ear. There was no significant effect on the percentage DM of the crop.Slurry applications increased the level of E and nitrate-N in the plants, but depressed Mg. Crude protein and in vitro digestibility were not affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01261.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of an additive containing non-protein nitrogen on some fermentation characteristics of maize silage (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 32 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A non-protein nitrogen additive containing ammonia, molasses and minerals was applied to precision-chopped forage maize to raise the crude protein content of the ensiled crop from approximately 8% to 10, 14 or 16%.The dry matter content, total nitrogen, water-insoluble nitrogen, and water-soluble nitrogen concentrations were measured at ensiling and 2 and 8 weeks later. The pH and lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric acid contents of the resultant silage were determined 2 and 8 weeks after ensiling.The levels of crude protein achieved were 10.8, 11.5 and 14.2%, which are equivalent to recoveries in the silages of 108, 82 and 89% of the applied nitrogen. After 8 weeks the water-insoluble nitrogen content of the treated silages had increased while the water-soluble nitrogen content had decreased. The increase in water-insoluble nitrogen may have been due to either decreased proteolysis or increased levels of microbial protein.There was a significant increase of 0.6 units in the pH of the silage when comparing the control to the highest rate of additive application. The additive increased the levels of lactic and acetic acid in the maize silage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1977.tb01424.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECTS ON DAIRY COWS OF GRAZING PASTURE CONTAINING HIGH LEVELS OF NITRATE-NITROGEN (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 30 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two paddocks each received a total of 412 kg N/ha (371 lb/ac) between April and July in four equal applications. The paddocks were grazed four times for four days by two groups of 5 Friesian cows starting 14 and 21 days after each N applica tion.The nitrate-N content of the herbage DM reached a peak of 0·76 % in the third grazing 14 days after N application. There was a significant (P 〈 0·001) correlation (r =0·67) between water soluble carbohydrates and nitrate-N in the herbage DM.No marked changes occurred in eitber the methaemoglobin or packed cell volume of the blood samples from either group.No detrimental effects on animal health or production were recorded during the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1975.tb01353.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A COMPARISON OF THE YIELDS OF FORAGE MAIZE GROWN FOR SILAGE IN 1972 AND 1973 AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN DAIRYING (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 29 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The DM production from INRA 200, an early maturing hybrid maize grown for silage, was 10±6 and 14 5 t/ha in mid-October 1972 and 1973 (4±2 and 5±8 tons/ac). The plant population in both years was approximately 112,000/ha (45,320/ac). Whole-crop and cob DM percentages were 18±2 and 21±3 for 1972 and 39±9 and 53±0 for 1973, respectively. The cob yields were 49 and 10±4 t/ha (2±0 and 4±1 tons/ac) in 1972 and 1973 and cob in the two years accounted for 46 and 72% of total yield. At harvest the 1973 crop was 4–6 weeks more mature than the 1972 crop. These differences were attributed to the difference in accumulated temperature recorded from May till October, which was 567°C days in 1972 and 817 in 1973. Whole-crop DM content, yield of cob and yield of cob as a percentage of total yield were studied against seasonal temperature accumulation. In the case of DM percentage there was a highly significant linear regression which showed that 627°C days were needed to mature maize to 24% DM content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1974.tb01247.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of bovine somatotropin for milk production: the effect of time of treatment initiation on milk production of Holstein/Friesian dairy cows placed on a high-forage, low-concentrate feeding system (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sixty multiparous Holstein/Friesian cows were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design trial to determine the effect of the administration of bovine somatotropin (BST), at either 60 or 120 ± 3 d post partum, on milk production. All cows were offered ad libitum a forage mixture containing, on a dry-mailer (DM) basis, grass and maize silage in a 1:1 ratio and 4 kg d−1 fresh weight of concentrate, which contained 115 and 495 g kg−1 DM of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP), respectively, and 13–5 MJ kg−1 DM metabolizable energy (ME). BST-treated cows received subcutaneous injections of a prolonged-release formulation of BST (sometribove). Injections were administered into the ischiorectal fossa at 14-d intervals for the remainder of the lactation. This schedule resulted in sixteen and twelve injections cow−1 when treatment w as in it rate d at 60 and 120 + 3 d post partum respectively. This corresponded to treatment periods of 32 and 24 weeks, in which the production responses were measured. When compared with control cows, the administration of BST from 60 and 120 ± 3 d post partum increased mean milk yield by 1–2 and 3.3 kg day−1 respectively, although only the latter milk-yield response was significant (P 〈0.001). The administration of BST produced a small nonsignificant increase in DM intake, no effect on milk composition and a small but significant reduction in body condition In conclusion a significant milk-yield response can be obtained from the use of BST in high-forage, low-concentrate feeding systems if forage quality is high and treatment initiation is delayed until mid-lactation. This is illustrated by the fact that the lactation yield increased from 6054 to 6842 kg. and was obtained when using only 1.2 t of concentrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1996.tb02044.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The practical and economic consequences of integrating maize with grass production on dairy farms in southern England: a computer simulation (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A mathematical model of the production, harvesting and utilization of maize and grass silage on a dairy farm with an autumn-calving herd is described. Using the model the comparative costs and benefits of growing and feeding maize in place of grass silage are examined for three sites in southern England. It is concluded that a winter milk production system based on maize rather than grass should improve profits by at least £30, and possibly by as much as £80 cow-1. This financial improvement is attributable to higher feed intakes and lower harvesting and fertilizer costs with maize silage. Simulating the results over a 10-year period also revealed that the switch from grass to maize should lower the risks in terms of the annual variability of silage yields and herd profits. Furthermore, it would appear unnecessary to completely turn over from grass to maize production to realize a significant financial benefit. Setting aside just 25% of the conservation area to maize and feeding a mixture of maize and grass silage is projected to increase profits from winter milk production by £30 to £45 cow-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1987.tb02132.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the brown midrib-3 gene on the maturity and yield of forage maize (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Results from two trials with normal and brown midrib-3 (bm3) types of LG11, Inra 188, Inra 240 and Inra 258 showed the bm3 mutant gene delayed silking by an average of 3 days, decreased whole plant dry matter (DM) concentration by 20 g kg−1 and the proportion of ear by 4·6 percentage units. Comparable yields of DM were obtained from normal and bm3 crops. The organic matter digestibility and yield of digestible organic matter of the bm3 plants was 0.06 units and 14% higher respectively than their normal counterparts.Measurement of the physical strength and resistance to lodging of normal and bm3 plants showed the bm3 gene reduced stem strength, which was highly correlated to stem diameter, stem weight and rind thickness. However, the major difference in plant lodging was between genotypes with Inra 240 plants less resistant to lodging than other genotypes. These results show that although the bm3 gene slightly increased lodging, genotype susceptibility is the major contributing factor to plant lodging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1985.tb01761.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors effecting the toxicity of nitrite nitrogen to tomatoes (1970)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 33 (1970), S. 457-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were done to study the effects of nitrite nitrogen on nutrient absorption and organic acid content of tomatoes (Keystone) grown in sand culture. The effects of root aeration, magnesium and iron supply on the symptoms of nitrite toxicity were also studied. Nutrient solutions were standardised to pH 4.5 and contained from 0–250 ppm nitrite nitrogen. Increasing the concentration of nitrite nitrogen decreased dry matter yields, total acidity, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tomato plants, and increased the chlorosis of leaves and the lignification of roots. Shortage of iron, magnesium, and poor root aeration caused toxicity symptoms to appear at a smaller concentration of nitrite nitrogen and increased the severity of the symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378234
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors effecting the toxicity of nitrite nitrogen to tomatoes (1970)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 33 (1970), S. 457-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were done to study the effects of nitrite nitrogen on nutrient absorption and organic acid content of tomatoes (Keystone) grown in sand culture. The effects of root aeration, magnesium and iron supply on the symptoms of nitrite toxicity were also studied. Nutrient solutions were standardised to pH 4.5 and contained from 0–250 ppm nitrite nitrogen. Increasing the concentration of nitrite nitrogen decreased dry matter yields, total acidity, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tomato plants, and increased the chlorosis of leaves and the lignification of roots. Shortage of iron, magnesium, and poor root aeration caused toxicity symptoms to appear at a smaller concentration of nitrite nitrogen and increased the severity of the symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378234
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