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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effect of ibuprofen on the cholera toxin-induced cyclic AMP response in Chinese hamster ovary cells (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 56 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ibuprofen, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in eukaryotic cells, was shown to inhibit the accumulation of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells exposed to cholera toxin. The inhibition was dose dependent, with a dose of 100 μg/ml reducing the cholera toxin response by approximately 50%, and maximal inhibition was observed when the drug was applied to the cells simulataneously with or 1 h before the toxin. Although ibuprofen also inhibited adenylate cyclase stimulation by forskolin, suggesting a nonspecific effect, the drug had no effect on cholera toxin-induced cyclic AMP accumulation when added to the culture medium 15 min or more after the toxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb03166.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antisera to selected outer membrane proteins of Vibrio cholerae protect against challenge with homologous and heterologous strains of V. cholerae (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 22 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Each year cholera epidemics occur in various places around the world. Though there is no effective vaccine against cholera, people who recover from an infection usually have prolonged immunity to the disease. Sera from convalescent patients contain antibodies to a number of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of V. cholerae. We isolated several OMPs (43, 42, 30, and 22 kDa) from V. cholerae V86 El Tor Inaba, sequenced their amino-termini, and generated hyperimmune sera against them in rabbits. Antisera to the 43-, 42-, and 22-kDa OMPs, but not the preimmune sera, significantly reduced V. cholerae-induced fluid secretion seen in rabbit intestinal loops challenged with the homologous strain. In addition, a combination of antisera to the different OMPs reduced the fluid secretion induced by challenge with heterologous V. cholerae Ogawa and O139 strains. These results have significance in the development of vaccines to V. cholerae, as the hyperexpression of these OMP encoding genes in vaccine strains may improve the efficacy of cholera vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1998.tb01219.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning, sequencing and expression of the flagellin core protein and other genes encoding structural proteins of the Vibrio cholerae flagellum (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 165 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterium with a single polar flagellum. Motility is an important virulence factor for this non-invasive pathogen. We cloned and sequenced a locus in V. cholerae V86 (El Tor, Inaba) that contained five different structural genes of the flagellum. The cloned genes and their products were assigned names and functions based on homology with sequences of similar genes and their products from other related bacteria. All of these genes of V. cholerae V86, namely, flgI, J, M, L and flaA, were transcribed in the same direction. These genes respectively encoded the P- and L-ring proteins, the hook-associated proteins 1 and 3 and the flagellin core protein of the flagellum. Our data indicated the presence of more than one flagellar locus in V. cholerae which could provide a means of immunoavoidance during infection. When compared with homologs in other bacteria, the flagellin core protein of V. cholerae exhibited conservation in the N- and C-termini, but had diverged in the central region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13152.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effect of aspirin on cholera toxin-induced phospholipase and cyclo-oxygenase activity (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 72 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cholera toxin (CT) stimulated phospholipase activity and caused [3H]arachidonic acid (3H-AA) release in a murine macrophage/monocyte cell line. Pretreatment of cells with dexamethasone, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, did not affect CT-induced 3H-AA release. In contrast, aspirin, which is an inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC), blocked CT-induced 3H-AA release and subsequent prostaglandin (PC) synthesis. The inhibitory effect of aspirin was dose dependent, with 4 mM reducing the CT response by approximately 50%. Similarly, inhibition was time dependent, occurring when the drug was added to the culture medium as late as 30 min after CT. Brief exposure (30 min) of the cells to aspirin did not alter their subsequent response to CT, but 3H-AA release from cells exposed to aspirin for 2.5 h was irreversibly inhibited. The data suggested that CT stimulation of AA metabolism may involved increased PLC activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03877.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cloned Salmonella typhimurium enterotoxin on rabbit intestinal motility (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 134 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We analysed the small intestine myoelectric responses of anesthetized New Zealand albino rabbits to Escherichia coli lysates containing an enterotoxin cloned from Salmonella typhimurium. Migrating action potential complex, which consisted of rapid bursts of action potentials and secretion of fluid, was observed only in ileal loops injected with the enterotoxin-containing lysate. Migrating action potential complex produced by Stn usually propagated aborally, which was typical of cholera toxin, but orad or bidirectional propagation occurred from a single point of origin when activity was intense. Gell lysates from an E. coli clone containing vectors alone, as well as proximal control segments injected with phosphate-buffered saline, gave neither a change in motility nor fluid secretion. These results show that Stn caused dramatic changes in intestinal motility and substantial fluid production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07944.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salmonella typhimurium enterotoxin epitopes shared among bacteria (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 118 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned Salmonella enterotoxin gene (stn) was used to prepare anti-peptide antibodies. These antibodies were then employed to screen isolates of this enteric pathogen for the synthesis of protein enterotoxin (Stn). Cell lysates of all Salmonella isolates tested displayed a prominent immunoblot band of approximately 29 kDa, which was consistent with the size of the cloned stn gene product. Among other Gram-negative bacteria examined, isolates of KlebsiellaEnterobacter, and Citrobacter exhibited a similar-sized protein that reacted strongly with the Stn antibodies. Since the stn gene was located opposite the hydrogenase regulatory genes (hydHG) required for hydrogen metabolism in bacteria, our data suggested that only in Salmonella and some other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae had the DNA sequence evolved, presumably through point mutations, into an expressed gene product of similar size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06834.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indomethacin inhibits cholera toxin-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary cells (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 49 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Indomethacin was examined for its capacity to inhibit increases in adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells treated with cholera toxin. When added to the culture medium 1 h prior to cholera toxin (100 ng/ml), indomethacin (500 μg/ml) exhibited maximum protection against the typical increase in cAMP. Application of indomethacin at the same time as cholera toxin or up to 3 h after the toxin progressively decreased the drug's capacity to block further increases in cAMP. The drug appeared to block adenylate cyclase activity because addition of forskolin to drug-treated cells did not elicit a cAMP response. Binding of 125I-labeled cholera toxin to indomethacin-treated cells was also reduced by at least 50%. These data indicate that indomethacin's inhibitory effect on cAMP formation in cholera toxin-treated cells could be explained by its capacity to alter adenylate cyclase activity and cholera toxin binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02713.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro cytotoxicity of lipopolysaccharides for chinese hamster ovary cells (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 49 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From our survey of various lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations, we demonstrated that three out of five commercial LPS preparations of Salmonella typhimurium were not cytotoxic for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell monolayers at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml. One commercial LPS preparation produced cellular damage at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml and another at 400 μg/ml. Two S. typhimurium LPS preparations made in our laboratory were also cytotoxic at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml but not at lower concentrations. Cell-free sonic lysates of S. typhimurium TML R66 were cytotoxic when tested undiluted and up to a dilution of 1:20. Based on the 2-Keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO) content of all preparations, sonic lysateas were cytotoxic at KDO concentrations of 0.42 μg/ml while the KDO content of the most cytotoxic LPS preparation was 15.2 μg/ml. There was no apparent correlations between KDO content of the LPS preparations and cell detachment, leading to the conclusion that cell detachment activity of Salmonella cell lysates cannot be attributed to their LPS content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02764.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium enhances Salmonella typhimurium invasion of HeLa cells (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 41 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Salmonella typhimurium cultured with physiological levels of calcium are significantly enhanced in their ability to penetrate HeLa cells in vitro. Increased infectivity was not observed in magnesium-supplemented media, but was demonstrated in calcium-supplemented minimal defined or calcium-supplemented cation-deficient media. Invasion enhancement was observed for a number of S. typhimurium strains and ranged from 28–390% over calcium-deficient controls. Enhanced HeLa cell infectivity was not dependent on the presence of an autonomous 60-MDa plasmid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02215.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF CULTURAL CONDITIONS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF SALMONELLA TOXIN (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 5 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of culture age, pH, aeration, and temperature on Salmonella toxin production was investigated using fermentor cultures containing casamino acids-yeast extract as a growth medium. About 75% or more of total Salmonella toxin was synthesized and released when the cultures were harvested during stationary phase of growth. Increased production and release of the toxin was also observed when the cultures were regulated at pH 6.0, 7. 0, or under alkaline control. The optimal temperature for the synthesis of Salmonella toxin was at 37°C; increased aeration of the cultures (500 rpm) appeared to enhance Samonella toxin production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1983.tb00456.x
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