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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 23 (1970), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Gradients of tritiated water, 35S-sulphate and 32P-phosphate, were established in isolated segments of willow stems. Sieve tube exudate was collected as honeydew from the high activity end of the segment. After girdling the stem a few centimetres from the site of sieve tube puncture, the specific activity of 35S and 32P in the honeydew rose, whilst the specific activity of tritium remained constant.These findings indicate that prior to girdling, unlabelled sulphates and phosphates were contributing to the honeydew, whilst there had been no detectable contribution by unlabelled water from the low activity end of the segment.The data support the conclusions drawn from previous experiments by Peel et al. (1969), that water is relatively immobile in sieve tubes of willow when compared to solutes.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 1955-1956 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] These analyses confirmed those carried out previously by Mittler3, Wanner5, Ziegler6 and Zimmer-mann7. Apart from sucrose the only other carbohydrates present were raffinose and stachyose. The former was found in quantities up to 15 per cent of the total carbohydrate present, the latter as a trace ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 22 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A method is described for the measurement of the relative contributions of sugars from the assimilating leaves and stem storage cells to the sieve tube sap in leafy cuttings of Salix viminalis L. In these experiments sieve tube sap was collected as honeydew from a small colony of aphids, Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin).Using this method it has been shown that in cuttings maintained under continuous illumination prior to experimentation, the leaves contribute about 75 per cent of the total sugars in the sieve tube sap. With cuttings which have been stored by keeping them in darkness, the level of labile carbohydrates in the stem storage cells decreases, in comparison with those growing in light, and the percentage of sugars in the sieve tube sap supplied by the leaves rises to 90 per cent.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 25 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Labelled maleic hydrazide (MH) was shown to be accumulated preferentially into the root-tips of young Willow roots by radiochemical analysis. A large proportion of the activity incorporated into the cell constituents was associated with RNA. MH was also bound in some way to the cell wall material. The greatest proportion of the activity was easily removed from the root tissue and thus probably occurred free within the cytoplasm and free-space.The incorporation of MH into RNA and its subsequent effects on cell metabolism via abnormal protein and enzyme synthesis is given as an explanation of the mode of action of MH.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Experiments are described in which bark strips of willow were sealed to polythene tubes having two compartments. This allowed investigations to be made of the transport along the sieve tubes of tritiated water, 14C-labelled sugars, and 32P-phosphates from one compartment, towards a stylet situated in the bark over the other compartment.Although activity from both 14C and 32p was detected in the stylet exudate usually within 1 hour from isotope application, tritium activity was never detected even after a period of 8 hours in most experiments, though in certain cases, very low activities were detected after 4 hours. Subsequent experiments in which stylets were sited over both compartments showed that tritium activity moved laterally into the punctured sieve element more rapidly than either 14C or 32P. Experiments using both live and dead bark in which stylets were not employed, showed that within 4 hours tritium activity had moved by diffusion along the whole length of a bark strip, therefore after this time tritium activity could have moved into the stylet exudate by a diffusional process.The lack of rapid longitudinal movement of tritiated water along the sieve tubes, indicates that the transport process is unlikely to be a mass flow of solution.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 23 (1970), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Willow cuttings were used in which u narrow, longitudinal strip of bark was removed commencing from the base of the leafy shoot. Aphid colonies of different sizes were then sited on the stem either side of the strip, 10 cm below the base of the shoot. The leaves were allowed to assimilate 14CO2, and the dry weight and total activity of the honeydew from each colony was measured over a given period of time.It was found that not only did the total activity from the large colony exceed that of the small colony, but that the specific activity of the honeydew from the large colony was higher than that from the small colony. This has been taken as evidence that neighbouring pierced sieve tubes do not act independently of each other; mutual interference occurs. Increasing the distance between pierced sieve elements by dispersing the members of the large colony over a greater area of stem, did not apparently reduce interference effects.The results are explained in relation to the magnitude of the contributory length (Peel and Wealherley 1962), of individual sieve tubes pierced by the large, as opposed to the small colony.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 222 (1969), S. 774-774 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] An obvious method of determining whether energy is readily available for transport in sieve tubes is by measuring ATP concentrations in sieve tube exudates Kluge and Ziegler6 have already analysed exudates from a variety of species, and have found concentrations of ATP within the range 0-03-0-30 ...
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A study has been made of a range of maleic hydrazide (MH) derivatives to compare their molecular structures with what has already been found concerning MH behaviour in willow (Salix viminalis L.). Use was made of two properties of MH, one of which was the ability to become concentrated into root apices of young willow roots (Coupland and Peel, 1971); the other was the ability of MH to inhibit the uptake of uracil into the sieve elements in bark strip material (Coupland and Peel, 1972). As a result of the present investigations it appears that an unsaturated heterocyclic ring system, including the grouping-CH=CH−CO−NH- is essential to retain the characteristics of the MH molecule.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Experiments have been performed on the effect of localised low (0°C) temperature application on solute concentration and fluxes in the sieve elements of willow. Sieve tube exudate was obtained via the severed stylets of the aphid Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin). In stem segments, low temperature caused a fall in both the concentration and flux of sucrose. No recovery was observed during a 24 h cold application period. The concentrations of ATP and potassium were generally also reduced, though the effect on the fluxes of these solutes was not as marked. Both ATP and potassium appear to be translocated along the sieve tubes of stem segments as evidenced by girdling experiments. In leafy cuttings low temperature consistently reduced the concentration of sucrose in the sieve tube exudate. These data are discussed in relation to previous work on low temperature effects on the phloem transport system of willow.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 90 (1970), S. 230-235 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Isolated bark strips of willow were sealed on to polythene tubes having three compartments. Colonies of the aphid Tuberolachnus salignus Gmelin were established on the bark at each end of the strip. IAA or kinetin at a concentration of 10-5M was applied to the cambial surface of the strip in one of the end compartments, whilst either 14C-labeled sucrose or 86RbCl was applied in the centre compartment. Both IAA and kinetin caused the activity from the 14C-Sucrose to move away from the area of their application, as measured by the specific activity of the honeydew collected from the aphid colonies. No effect of these hormones was demonstrated on the movement of 86Rb. The results from further experiments in which sieve element exudate was collected via the severed stylets of the aphid, indicate that IAA and kinetin increase the rate of loading of sugars into sieve elements, i.e. the source capacity of the bark to which they are applied.
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