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  • 1
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    Negative relationships between species richness and temporal variability are common but weak in natural systems (2018)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Abstract Effects of species diversity on population and community stability (or more precisely, the effects of species richness on temporal variability) have been studied for several decades, but there have been no large‐scale tests in natural communities of predictions from theory. We used 91 data sets including plants, fish, small mammals, zooplankton, birds, and insects, to examine the relationship between species richness and temporal variability in populations and communities. Seventy‐eight of 91 data sets showed a negative relationship between species richness and population variability; 46 of these relationships were statistically significant. Only five of the 13 positive richness‐population variability relationships were statistically significant. Similarly, 51 of 91 data sets showed a negative relationship between species richness and community variability; of these, 26 were statistically significant. Seven of the 40 positive richness–community‐variability relationships were statistically significant. We were able to test transferability (i.e., the predictive ability of models for sites that are spatially distinct from sites that were used to build the models) for 69 of 91 data sets; 35 and 31 data sets were transferable at the population and community levels, respectively. Only four were positive at the population level, and two at the community level. We conclude that there is compelling evidence of a negative relationship between species richness and temporal variability for about one‐half of the ecological communities we examined. However, species richness explained relatively little of the variability in population or community abundances and resulted in small improvements in predictive ability.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 2
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    A shear wave velocity model of the European upper mantle from automated inversion of seismic shear and surface waveforms (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-22
    Description: SUMMARY We present a new, S -velocity model of the European upper mantle, constrained by inversions of seismic waveforms from broad-band stations in Europe and surrounding regions. We collected seismograms for the years 1990–2007 from all permanent stations in Europe for which data were available. In addition, we incorporated data from temporary experiments. Automated multimode inversion of surface and S -wave forms was applied to extract structural information from the seismograms, in the form of linear equations with uncorrelated uncertainties. The equations were then solved for seismic velocity perturbations in the crust and mantle with respect to a 3-D reference model with a realistic crust. We present two versions of the model: one for the entire European upper mantle and another, with the highest resolution, focused on the upper 200 km of the mantle beneath western and central Europe and the circum Mediterranean. The mantle lithosphere and asthenosphere are well resolved by both models. Major features of the lithosphere–asthenosphere system in Europe and the Mediterranean are indentified. The highest velocities in the mantle lithosphere of the East European Craton (EEC) are found at about 150 km depth. There are no indications for a deep cratonic root below about 330 km depth. Lateral variations within the cratonic mantle lithosphere are resolved as well. The locations of kimberlites correlate with reduced S -wave velocities in the shallow cratonic mantle lithosphere. This anomaly is present in regions of both Proterozoic and Archean crust, pointing to an alteration of the mantle lithosphere after the formation of the craton. Strong lateral changes in S -wave velocity are found at the northwestern margin of the EEC and may indicate erosion of cratonic mantle lithosphere beneath the Scandes by hot asthenosphere. The mantle lithosphere beneath western Europe and between the Tornquist–Teisseyre Zone and the Elbe Line shows moderately high velocities and is of an intermediate character, between cratonic lithosphere and the thin lithosphere of central Europe. In central Europe, Caledonian and Variscian sutures are not associated with strong lateral changes in the lithosphere–asthenosphere system. Cenozoic anorogenic intraplate volcanism in central Europe and the circum Mediterranean is found in regions of shallow asthenosphere and close to changes in the depth of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary. Very low velocities at shallow upper-mantle depths are present from eastern Turkey towards the Dead Sea transform fault system and Sinai, beneath locations of recent volcanism. Low-velocity anomalies extending vertically from shallow upper mantle down to the transition zone are found beneath the Massif Central, Sinai and the Dead Sea, the Canary Islands and Iceland.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 3
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    Intrinsic quantal variability due to stochastic properties of receptor-transmitter interactions (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-27
    Description: Synaptic events at the neuromuscular junction are integer multiples of a quantum, the postsynaptic response to transmitter released from one presynaptic vesicle. At central synapses where quanta are small, it has been suggested they are invariant due to occupation of all postsynaptic receptors, a concept neglecting inherent fluctuations in channel behavior. If this did occur, the quantal release model would not apply there and could not be used to localize sites of synaptic modification. Monte Carlo simulations of quanta include transmitter diffusion and interactions with postsynaptic receptors that are treated probabilistically. These models suggest that when there are few postsynaptic channels available at a synapse, their stochastic behavior produces significant intrinsic variance in response amplitude and kinetics, and saturation does not occur. These results were confirmed by analysis of inhibitory quanta in embryonic and adult Mauthner cells involving a small and large number of channels, respectively. The findings apply to excitatory synapses as well.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faber, D S -- Young, W S -- Legendre, P -- Korn, H -- NS21848/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 27;258(5087):1494-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurobiology Laboratory, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1279813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diffusion ; Goldfish ; Ion Channels/physiology ; *Models, Neurological ; Models, Statistical ; Monte Carlo Method ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*physiology ; Stochastic Processes ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/*physiology ; Zebrafish
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Immunocytochemically identified vasopressin neurons in culture show slow, calcium-dependent electrical responses (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: From morphological characterization and intracellular recordings, monolayer cultures derived from fetal mouse hypothalami were found to include functionally differentiated peptide neurons, a number of which appear to contain vasopressin. These cells exhibited particular patterns of slow, calcium-dependent membrane depolarizations, resembling in their periodicity and duration the phasic activity of vasopressin neurons recorded extracellularly in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Theodosis, D T -- Legendre, P -- Vincent, J D -- Cooke, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1052-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6348947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; *Electrophysiology ; Histocytochemistry ; Hypothalamus/analysis/*cytology ; Immunologic Techniques ; Mice ; Neurons/analysis ; Vasopressins/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Anisotropic Rayleigh-wave Phase-velocity Maps of Eastern China (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-19
    Description: We explore the variations of Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity beneath eastern China in a broad period range (20-200 s). Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves are measured by the two-station technique for a total of 734 interstation paths using vertical-component broad-band waveforms at 39 seismic stations in eastern China from 466 global earthquakes. In addition, 599 waveform-inversion interstation measurements were added to this dataset. The interstation dispersion curves are then inverted for high-resolution isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic phase-velocity maps at periods between 20 and 200 s. At shorter periods sampling the crustal depth range, phase velocities are higher in the southeastern part of the region, reflecting the thinner crust there. The Jiangnan Belt separates Cathaysia from the Yangtze Craton, the latter with thicker crust and a deep, high-velocity cratonic root. The eastern part of Yangtze Craton, however, east of 115-116 °E, does not display a deep root and has a thin lithosphere. Azimuthal anisotropy at long periods (〉120 s) shows fast-propagation directions broadly similar to that of the absolute plate motion. Beneath Cathaysia and eastern Yangtze Craton, anisotropy in the asthenosphere is strong and suggests coast-perpendicular flow. Asthenospheric flow from beneath China's thick continental lithosphere towards the thinner lithosphere of the margin and the resulting decompression melting may be the fundamental causes of the intraplate basaltic volcanism along the eastern coast of China.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Activin-dependent signaling in fibro/adipogenic progenitors causes fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (2018)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-03
    Description: Activin-dependent signaling in fibro/adipogenic progenitors causes fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva Activin-dependent signaling in fibro/adipogenic progenitors causes fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, Published online: 02 February 2018; doi:10.1038/s41467-018-02872-2 Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a severe disorder characterized by heterotopic ossification, and is caused by mutations in ACVR1. Here, the authors show that expression of mutant ACVR1 in fibro/adipogenic progenitors recapitulates disease progression, and that this can be halted by systemic inhibition of activin A in mice.
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategy of eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) exploitation in the Thau lagoon
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 35 (1992), S. 55-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Keywords: Thau lagoon ; contingency periodogram ; eel ; fishing effort ; fishing gear ; fishing strategy ; path analysis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80056-3
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors by pig synovial cells and their regulation by combinations of cytokines and growth factors
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 106 (1993), S. 691-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-0491(93)90151-T
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Essai ďApplication de ľAnalyse Phénétique à la Classification du Phylum des Ciliophora (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1984.tb05491.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a variable angle scanning method to estimate relative abundance and distribution of fish using a single-beam echosounder in shallow lakes (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 50 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The validity of a hydroacoustic procedure was assessed using a combination of horizontal and vertical scanning to map the distribution of targets and to estimate target density in a shallow lake. Three distribution patterns were created using 37–50 artificial targets (metal hex nuts) anchored at known positions. Real and acoustic maps were qualitatively similar. Aggregation indices estimated by hydroacoustics were within 15% of the real values. Target density ranged from 1 to 8 targets per 100 m−3. Estimated target densities were within one target of the real values for 88% of our observations. The variable angle approach was used also to monitor daily and seasonal variations in fish distribution and relative abundance outside the littoral zone. Dace Phoxinus eos × P. neogaeus appeared to use the littoral as a refuge during the day and to migrate to the pelagic zone at dusk. The movements of dace outside the littoral zone were limited to the months of June-August. The variable angle acoustic approach can be useful to estimate fish distribution and relative abundance in shallow lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01352.x
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