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  • 1
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    DMSP biosynthesis by an animal and its role in coral thermal stress response (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-25
    Description: Globally, reef-building corals are the most prolific producers of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), a central molecule in the marine sulphur cycle and precursor of the climate-active gas dimethylsulphide. At present, DMSP production by corals is attributed entirely to their algal endosymbiont, Symbiodinium. Combining chemical, genomic and molecular approaches, we show that coral juveniles produce DMSP in the absence of algal symbionts. DMSP levels increased up to 54% over time in newly settled coral juveniles lacking algal endosymbionts, and further increases, up to 76%, were recorded when juveniles were subjected to thermal stress. We uncovered coral orthologues of two algal genes recently identified in DMSP biosynthesis, strongly indicating that corals possess the enzymatic machinery necessary for DMSP production. Our results overturn the paradigm that photosynthetic organisms are the sole biological source of DMSP, and highlight the double jeopardy represented by worldwide declining coral cover, as the potential to alleviate thermal stress through coral-produced DMSP declines correspondingly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raina, Jean-Baptiste -- Tapiolas, Dianne M -- Foret, Sylvain -- Lutz, Adrian -- Abrego, David -- Ceh, Janja -- Seneca, Francois O -- Clode, Peta L -- Bourne, David G -- Willis, Bette L -- Motti, Cherie A -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 31;502(7473):677-80. doi: 10.1038/nature12677. Epub 2013 Oct 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] AIMS@JCU, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia [2] Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB3, Townsville MC, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia [3] ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acrylates/analysis/metabolism ; Algal Proteins/genetics ; Animals ; Anthozoa/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Climate Change ; Photosynthesis ; Secondary Metabolism ; *Stress, Physiological ; Sulfonium Compounds/*metabolism ; Symbiosis ; *Temperature ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Ocean acidification causes structural deformities in juvenile coral skeletons (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-21
    Description: Rising atmospheric CO 2 is causing the oceans to both warm and acidify, which could reduce the calcification rates of corals globally. Successful coral recruitment and high rates of juvenile calcification are critical to the replenishment and ultimate viability of coral reef ecosystems. Although elevated P co 2 (partial pressure of CO 2 ) has been shown to reduce the skeletal weight of coral recruits, the structural changes caused by acidification during initial skeletal deposition are unknown. We show, using high-resolution three-dimensional x-ray microscopy, that ocean acidification ( P co 2 ~900 μatm, pH ~7.7) not only causes reduced overall mineral deposition but also a deformed and porous skeletal structure in newly settled coral recruits. In contrast, elevated temperature (+3°C) had little effect on skeletal formation except to partially mitigate the effects of elevated P co 2 . The striking structural deformities we observed show that new recruits are at significant risk, being unable to effectively build their skeletons in the P co 2 conditions predicted to occur for open ocean surface waters under a "business-as-usual" emissions scenario [RCP (representative concentration pathway) 8.5] by the year 2100.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Skeletal mineralogy of newly settling Acropora millepora (Scleractinia) coral recruits (2010)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-16
    Print ISSN: 0722-4028
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0975
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
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    Skeletal mineralogy of coral recruits under high temperature and pCO2 (2015)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: Aragonite, which is the polymorph of CaCO3 precipitated by modern corals during skeletal formation, has a higher solubility than the more stable polymorph calcite. This higher solubility leaves animals that produce aragonitic skeletons more vulnerable to anthropogenic ocean acidification. It is therefore, important to determine whether scleractinian corals have the plasticity to adapt and produce calcite in their skeletons in response to changing environmental conditions. Both high pCO2 and lower Mg / Ca ratios in seawater are thought to have driven changes in the skeletal mineralogy of major marine calcifiers in the past ∼540 myr. Experimentally reduced Mg / Ca ratios in ambient seawater have been shown to induce some calcite precipitation in both adult and newly settled modern corals, however, the impact of high pCO2 on the mineralogy of recruits is unknown. Here we determined the skeletal mineralogy of one-month old Acropora spicifera coral recruits grown under high temperature (+3 °C) and pCO2 (∼900 μatm) conditions, using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. We found that newly settled coral recruits produced entirely aragonitic skeletons regardless of the treatment. Our results show that elevated pCO2 alone is unlikely to drive changes in the skeletal mineralogy of young corals. Not having an ability to switch from aragonite to calcite precipitation may leave corals and ultimately coral reef ecosystems more susceptible to predicted ocean acidification. An important area for prospective research would be to investigate the combined impact of high pCO2 and reduced Mg / Ca ratio on coral skeletal mineralogy.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 5
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    Skeletal mineralogy of coral recruits under high temperature and pCO2 (2016)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
    Description: Aragonite, which is the polymorph of CaCO3 precipitated by modern corals during skeletal formation, has a higher solubility than the more stable polymorph calcite. This higher solubility may leave animals that produce aragonitic skeletons more vulnerable to anthropogenic ocean acidification. It is therefore important to determine whether scleractinian corals have the plasticity to adapt and produce calcite in their skeletons in response to changing environmental conditions. Both high pCO2 and lower Mg ∕ Ca ratios in seawater are thought to have driven changes in the skeletal mineralogy of major marine calcifiers in the past ∼ 540 Ma. Experimentally reduced Mg ∕ Ca ratios in ambient seawater have been shown to induce some calcite precipitation in both adult and newly settled modern corals; however, the impact of high pCO2 on the mineralogy of recruits is unknown. Here we determined the skeletal mineralogy of 1-month-old Acropora spicifera coral recruits grown under high temperature (+3 °C) and pCO2 (∼ 900 µatm) conditions, using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. We found that newly settled coral recruits produced entirely aragonitic skeletons regardless of the treatment. Our results show that elevated pCO2 alone is unlikely to drive changes in the skeletal mineralogy of young corals. Not having an ability to switch from aragonite to calcite precipitation may leave corals and ultimately coral reef ecosystems more susceptible to predicted ocean acidification. An important area for prospective research would be the investigation of the combined impact of high pCO2 and reduced Mg ∕ Ca ratio on coral skeletal mineralogy.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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