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  • 1
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    Plant science: The hidden cost of transpiration (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beerling, David J -- Franks, Peter J -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 25;464(7288):495-6. doi: 10.1038/464495a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/anatomy & histology/*metabolism ; Biological Evolution ; Carbon/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology/*metabolism ; *Plant Transpiration ; Selection, Genetic ; Water/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Swimming against the flow: a mechanism of zooplankton aggregation (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-10
    Description: Zooplankton reside in a constantly flowing environment. However, information about their response to ambient flow has remained elusive, because of the difficulties of following the individual motions of these minute, nearly transparent animals in the ocean. Using a three-dimensional acoustic imaging system, we tracked 〉375,000 zooplankters at two coastal sites in the Red Sea. Resolution of their motion from that of the water showed that the animals effectively maintained their depth by swimming against upwelling and downwelling currents moving at rates of up to tens of body lengths per second, causing their accumulation at frontal zones. This mechanism explains how oceanic fronts become major feeding grounds for predators and targets for fishermen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Genin, Amatzia -- Jaffe, Jules S -- Reef, Ruth -- Richter, Claudio -- Franks, Peter J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 6;308(5723):860-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences and the Hebrew University, Eilat, Israel. amatzia@vms.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cues ; Indian Ocean ; Movement ; Predatory Behavior ; Pressure ; *Seawater ; *Water Movements ; Zooplankton/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A relationship between humidity response, growth form and photosynthetic operating point in C3 plants (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Gas exchange experiments were performed with 13 plant species that differ from each other in growth-form and natural habitat. These comprised three herbaceous species, two ferns, two temperate deciduous trees, five rainforest trees and one liana from wet tropical forest. The aims were to investigate whether plants of similar growth-form and from similar habitats tended to respond similarly to a change in leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference (VPD), and to compare their ratio of intercellular to ambient partial pressures of CO2 for given conditions. Leaves were subjected to a step change in VPD and the initial and final steady rates of transpiration were used to calculate an index of sensitivity, φ, which enabled comparison of species. The results suggest that species of similar growth-form and habitat respond similarly to increasing VPD, with the temperate deciduous trees undergoing a greater reduction in stomatal conductance than the herbaceous plants in well-watered soil. Also, for these experimental conditions, the ratio of leaf internal to ambient CO2 partial pressure (pi/pa) was positively correlated with both CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal insensitivity to VPD, across the 13 species. The results are discussed in terms of growth strategies and possible advantages and limitations of hydraulic systems in different plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00494.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of stomatal mechanics using the cell pressure probe (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relationship between stomatal aperture (a) and guard cell pressure (Pg) was measured directly in four different species (Vicia faba, Tradescantia virginiana, Ginkgo biloba and Nephrolepis exaltata) using a special cell pressure probe technique. The effect of epidermal turgor (Pep) on this relationship was also measured in T. virginiana. The relationship was sigmoidal for V. faba and T. virginiana, but entirely convex for G. biloba and N. exaltata. Epidermal turgor was found to have a pronounced closing effect on stomata of T. virginiana. Maximum aperture with full epidermal turgor (0·92 MPa) was about half that with zero epidermal turgor. Also, with full epidermal turgor stomata of T. virginiana did not begin to open until Pg was more than 1·25 MPa. These characteristics were used to develop an expression for a as a function of Pg and Pep. Results for the different species are compared and discussed in terms of possible advantages and limitations of water economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00248.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The apparent feedforward response of stomata to air vapour pressure deficit: information revealed by different experimental procedures with two rainforest trees (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A decrease in steady-state leaf transpiration rate with increased vapour pressure difference between leaf and air, which is reversible and independent of leaf water status, is evidence for feedforward control of stomatal aperture (Cowan 1977). A recent survey of gas exchange data by Monteith (1995), covering 52 sets of measurements on 16 species, reported that evidence for feedforward control was rare and usually reliant on a single point. We conducted gas exchange experiments on an additional 13 species and observed an apparent feedforward response in only two. However, the response was not reversible and depended upon experimental procedure. In view of this we discuss the appropriate use of the term ‘feedforward’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-14.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of epidermal turgor in stomatal interactions following a local perturbation in humidity (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Humidity in a small area of a Vicia faba L. leaf was perturbed with a flow of dry air from an 80 µm (inside diameter) needle, while the remainder of the leaf was maintained at high and constant humidity. The influence of the needle flow on the humidity at the leaf surface was quantified by using a spatially explicit dewpoint hygrometer to observe condensation patterns. When the dry air from a needle was applied to the leaf, stomata within the influence of the needle opened within the first few minutes of the perturbation, and local epidermal turgor pressure declined within the same time frame. When the needle flow was removed from the leaf, these responses were reversed, but with more variable kinetics. Stomata and epidermal cells outside the influence of the needle flow, which were exposed to a constant and high humidity, showed similar, but smaller, responses when the needle flow was applied to the leaf. Since the opening of these stomata should have had only a small effect on transpiration (because of the high humidity), it is likely that the reduction in epidermal turgor was the cause (rather than the result) of the stomatal opening. The magnitude of the turgor response was only loosely related to the distance from the needle flow up to distances of almost 400 µm. The data support the idea that neighbouring stomata can interact through the influence of transpiration on epidermal turgor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00705.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guard cell pressure/aperture characteristics measured with the pressure probe (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pressure within guard cells in strips of intact epidermis of Tradescantia virginiana was controlled with a pressure probe apparatus after the guard cells had been filled with silicone oil. Pressure was increased and decreased incrementally between 0.0 and 4.1 MPa to cause inflation and deflation of the guard cells. At steady-state guard cell pressures, the width of the stomatal pore was recorded and plotted against pressure. The pressure required for near-maximum aperture was 4.1 MPa. Aperture as a function of pressure was sigmoidal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00583.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smoking as a Risk Factor for AbdominalAortic Aneurysm (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 800 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33319.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk of serious morbidity associated with hydralazine versus methyldopa treatment in hypertensive patients (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hypertension ; methyldopa ; hydralazine ; morbidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The medical records of patients presenting to the Hammersmith Hospital hypertension clinic between 1971 and 1981 were examined to determine presenting clinical data, treatment regimes, and both cardiovascular and non cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. When compared with 1004 patients receiving treatment other than hydralazine 310 patients on hydralazine had a significantly higher risk of developing renal disease (RR=2.71) in men, and severe weight loss in women (RR = 3.06). Renal disease risk also tended to be high in women on hydralazine (RR = 1.95) compared with all other treatments, but this was not statistically significant and could be explained by poorer renal function and significantly higher untreated blood pressure in the hydralazine treated group at presentation. The 422 patients who were treated with methyldopa but not hydralazine had similar risk factors for cardiovascular disease compared with a group of 167 who received hydralazine but not methyldopa. Comparisons of event rates failed to find significant differences in morbidity or mortality between these two groups. The age adjusted male mortality was 14/1000 patient years on hydralazine and 12/1000 on methyldopa and 13/1000 and 6/1000 years for women respectively. There was no evidence of an increased risk of either renal disease (RR=0.3 in men, RR=0.3 in women) on hydralazine or weight loss (RR=0.7 in men, RR=1.6 in women), with similar presenting data. Systemic lupus erythematosus was a rare complication (2 of 314) of treatment with hydralazine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265839
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the southwestern Gulf of Maine: testing hypotheses of physical control using historical data (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 112 (1992), S. 165-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense Lebour have been nearly annual features along the coasts of southern Maine, New Hampshire and Massachusetts, USA, since 1972. In 1990 two hypotheses which have been used to explain the initiation of these blooms in the southwestern portion of the Gulf of Maine were tested using historical records of shellfish toxicity, wind, and river flow. The first hypothesis states that the blooms were initiated or advected to shore by wind-driven coastal upwelling. The second states that established blooms were advected from north to south alongshore in a coastally trapped buoyant plume of water. Of the eleven years examined (1979 to 1989), we found seven cases inconsistent with the wind-driven upwelling hypothesis, and only one case (1985) which contradicts the plume-advection hypothesis. 1985 was an unusual year in many respects, and we suggest that some other mechanism was responsible for the toxic outbreaks. In addition, the wind-driven upwelling hypothesis could not explain the observed north-to-south temporal progression of toxicity each year. The plume-advection hypothesis was found to best explain the datails of the timing and spread of shellfish toxicity in Gulf of Maine waters to the south of Penobscot Bay, Maine. These include the variable north-to-south progression with time, the presence of a toxin-free zone south of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, the sporadic nature of toxic outbreaks south of Massachusetts Bay, and the apparently rare occurrence of high toxicity levels well offshore on Nantucket Shoals and Georges Bank.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349740
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