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  • 1
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    Rise of marine diatoms [Evolution] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-08
    Description: Marine diatoms are silica-precipitating microalgae that account for over half of organic carbon burial in marine sediments and thus they play a key role in the global carbon cycle. Their evolutionary expansion during the Cenozoic era (66 Ma to present) has been associated with a superior competitive ability for silicic...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Segregation of nitrogen fixation and oxygenic photosynthesis in the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-17
    Description: In the modern ocean, a significant amount of nitrogen fixation is attributed to filamentous, nonheterocystous cyanobacteria of the genus Trichodesmium. In these organisms, nitrogen fixation is confined to the photoperiod and occurs simultaneously with oxygenic photosynthesis. Nitrogenase, the enzyme responsible for biological N2 fixation, is irreversibly inhibited by oxygen in vitro. How nitrogenase is protected from damage by photosynthetically produced O2 was once an enigma. Using fast repetition rate fluorometry and fluorescence kinetic microscopy, we show that there is both temporal and spatial segregation of N2 fixation and photosynthesis within the photoperiod. Linear photosynthetic electron transport protects nitrogenase by reducing photosynthetically evolved O2 in photosystem I (PSI). We postulate that in the early evolutionary phase of oxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogenase served as an electron acceptor for anaerobic heterotrophic metabolism and that PSI was favored by selection because it provided a micro-anaerobic environment for N2 fixation in cyanobacteria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berman-Frank, I -- Lundgren, P -- Chen, Y B -- Kupper, H -- Kolber, Z -- Bergman, B -- Falkowski, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 16;294(5546):1534-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. irfrank@imcs.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11711677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Biological Evolution ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cyanobacteria/enzymology/*metabolism ; Dibromothymoquinone/pharmacology ; Diuron/pharmacology ; Electron Transport ; Fluorometry ; Light ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Nitrogenase/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Photoperiod ; *Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/metabolism ; *Photosystem II Protein Complex ; Quinones/metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of earth as a system (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-13
    Description: Motivated by the rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 due to human activities since the Industrial Revolution, several international scientific research programs have analyzed the role of individual components of the Earth system in the global carbon cycle. Our knowledge of the carbon cycle within the oceans, terrestrial ecosystems, and the atmosphere is sufficiently extensive to permit us to conclude that although natural processes can potentially slow the rate of increase in atmospheric CO2, there is no natural "savior" waiting to assimilate all the anthropogenically produced CO2 in the coming century. Our knowledge is insufficient to describe the interactions between the components of the Earth system and the relationship between the carbon cycle and other biogeochemical and climatological processes. Overcoming this limitation requires a systems approach.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, P -- Scholes, R J -- Boyle, E -- Canadell, J -- Canfield, D -- Elser, J -- Gruber, N -- Hibbard, K -- Hogberg, P -- Linder, S -- Mackenzie, F T -- Moore, B 3rd -- Pedersen, T -- Rosenthal, Y -- Seitzinger, S -- Smetacek, V -- Steffen, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):291-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11030643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; *Carbon/metabolism ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Climate ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Remembering great mentors (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-10
    Description: Integrating conceptually similar models of the growth of marine and terrestrial primary producers yielded an estimated global net primary production (NPP) of 104.9 petagrams of carbon per year, with roughly equal contributions from land and oceans. Approaches based on satellite indices of absorbed solar radiation indicate marked heterogeneity in NPP for both land and oceans, reflecting the influence of physical and ecological processes. The spatial and temporal distributions of ocean NPP are consistent with primary limitation by light, nutrients, and temperature. On land, water limitation imposes additional constraints. On land and ocean, progressive changes in NPP can result in altered carbon storage, although contrasts in mechanisms of carbon storage and rates of organic matter turnover result in a range of relations between carbon storage and changes in NPP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Field -- Behrenfeld -- Randerson -- Falkowski -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 10;281(5374):237-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉C. B. Field, Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. M. J. Behrenfeld and P. Falkowski, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9657713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Q&A: A slow-motion crisis. Interview by Michael Eisenstein (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2012 Feb 29;483(7387):S21. doi: 10.1038/483S21a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22378124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/*metabolism ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Eutrophication ; Extinction, Biological ; *Global Warming ; *Human Activities ; Interdisciplinary Studies ; Marine Biology ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/*metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Ocean Science: The power of plankton (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2012 Feb 29;483(7387):S17-20. doi: 10.1038/483S17a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, USA. falko@marine.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22378122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/genetics/*metabolism ; *Carbon Cycle ; Climate ; Food Chain ; Heterotrophic Processes ; Marine Biology ; Phytoplankton/genetics/*metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry/microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE SPECIFICITY OF THE ANTIBODY IN PAROXYSMAL COLD HEMOGLOBINURIA (P.C.H.) (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 124 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb18978.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis in Nature (1994)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 45 (1994), S. 633-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.003221
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oceanic sinks for atmospheric CO2 (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: There is approximately 50 times more inorganic carbon in the global ocean than in the atmosphere. On time scales of decades to millions of years, the interaction between these two geophysical fluids determines atmospheric CO2 levels. During glacial periods, for example, the ocean serves as the major sink for atmospheric CO2, while during glacial–interglacial transitions, it is a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. The mechanisms responsible for determining the sign of the net exchange of CO2 between the ocean and the atmosphere remain unresolved. There is evidence that during glacial periods, phytoplankton primary productivity increased, leading to an enhanced sedimentation of particulate organic carbon into the ocean interior. The stimulation of primary production in glacial episodes can be correlated with increased inputs of nutrients limiting productivity, especially aeolian iron. Iron directly enhances primary production in high nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) regions of the ocean, of which the Southern Ocean is the most important. This trace element can also enhance nitrogen fixation, and thereby indirectly stimulate primary production throughout the low nutrient regions of the central ocean basins. While the export flux of organic carbon to the ocean interior was enhanced during glacial periods, this process does not fully account for the sequestration of atmospheric CO2. Heterotrophic oxidation of the newly formed organic carbon, forming weak acids, would have hydrolyzed CaCO3 in the sediments, increasing thereby oceanic alkalinity which, in turn, would have promoted the drawdown of atmospheric CO2. This latter mechanism is consistent with the stable carbon isotope pattern derived from air trapped in ice cores. The oceans have also played a major role as a sink for up to 30% of the anthropogenic CO2 produced during the industrial revolution. In large part this is due to CO2 solution in the surface ocean; however, some, poorly quantified fraction is a result of increased new production due to anthropogenic inputs of combined N, P and Fe. Based on ‘circulation as usual’, models predict that future anthropogenic CO2 inputs to the atmosphere will, in part, continue to be sequestered in the ocean. Human intervention (large-scale Fe fertilization; direct CO2 burial in the deep ocean) could increase carbon sequestration in the oceans, but could also result in unpredicted environmental perturbations. Changes in the oceanic thermohaline circulation as a result of global climate change would greatly alter the predictions of C sequestration that are possible on a ‘circulation as usual’ basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00419.x
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