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  • 1
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    Broadband observations of the naked-eye gamma-ray burst GRB 080319B (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) release copious amounts of energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and so provide a window into the process of black hole formation from the collapse of massive stars. Previous early optical observations of even the most exceptional GRBs (990123 and 030329) lacked both the temporal resolution to probe the optical flash in detail and the accuracy needed to trace the transition from the prompt emission within the outflow to external shocks caused by interaction with the progenitor environment. Here we report observations of the extraordinarily bright prompt optical and gamma-ray emission of GRB 080319B that provide diagnostics within seconds of its formation, followed by broadband observations of the afterglow decay that continued for weeks. We show that the prompt emission stems from a single physical region, implying an extremely relativistic outflow that propagates within the narrow inner core of a two-component jet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Racusin, J L -- Karpov, S V -- Sokolowski, M -- Granot, J -- Wu, X F -- Pal'shin, V -- Covino, S -- van der Horst, A J -- Oates, S R -- Schady, P -- Smith, R J -- Cummings, J -- Starling, R L C -- Piotrowski, L W -- Zhang, B -- Evans, P A -- Holland, S T -- Malek, K -- Page, M T -- Vetere, L -- Margutti, R -- Guidorzi, C -- Kamble, A P -- Curran, P A -- Beardmore, A -- Kouveliotou, C -- Mankiewicz, L -- Melandri, A -- O'Brien, P T -- Page, K L -- Piran, T -- Tanvir, N R -- Wrochna, G -- Aptekar, R L -- Barthelmy, S -- Bartolini, C -- Beskin, G M -- Bondar, S -- Bremer, M -- Campana, S -- Castro-Tirado, A -- Cucchiara, A -- Cwiok, M -- D'Avanzo, P -- D'Elia, V -- Valle, M Della -- de Ugarte Postigo, A -- Dominik, W -- Falcone, A -- Fiore, F -- Fox, D B -- Frederiks, D D -- Fruchter, A S -- Fugazza, D -- Garrett, M A -- Gehrels, N -- Golenetskii, S -- Gomboc, A -- Gorosabel, J -- Greco, G -- Guarnieri, A -- Immler, S -- Jelinek, M -- Kasprowicz, G -- La Parola, V -- Levan, A J -- Mangano, V -- Mazets, E P -- Molinari, E -- Moretti, A -- Nawrocki, K -- Oleynik, P P -- Osborne, J P -- Pagani, C -- Pandey, S B -- Paragi, Z -- Perri, M -- Piccioni, A -- Ramirez-Ruiz, E -- Roming, P W A -- Steele, I A -- Strom, R G -- Testa, V -- Tosti, G -- Ulanov, M V -- Wiersema, K -- Wijers, R A M J -- Winters, J M -- Zarnecki, A F -- Zerbi, F -- Meszaros, P -- Chincarini, G -- Burrows, D N -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):183-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07270.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. racusin@astro.psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    GRB 090423 at a redshift of z approximately 8.1 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-30
    Description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced by rare types of massive stellar explosion. Their rapidly fading afterglows are often bright enough at optical wavelengths that they are detectable at cosmological distances. Hitherto, the highest known redshift for a GRB was z = 6.7 (ref. 1), for GRB 080913, and for a galaxy was z = 6.96 (ref. 2). Here we report observations of GRB 090423 and the near-infrared spectroscopic measurement of its redshift, z = 8.1(-0.3)(+0.1). This burst happened when the Universe was only about 4 per cent of its current age. Its properties are similar to those of GRBs observed at low/intermediate redshifts, suggesting that the mechanisms and progenitors that gave rise to this burst about 600,000,000 years after the Big Bang are not markedly different from those producing GRBs about 10,000,000,000 years later.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salvaterra, R -- Valle, M Della -- Campana, S -- Chincarini, G -- Covino, S -- D'Avanzo, P -- Fernandez-Soto, A -- Guidorzi, C -- Mannucci, F -- Margutti, R -- Thone, C C -- Antonelli, L A -- Barthelmy, S D -- De Pasquale, M -- D'Elia, V -- Fiore, F -- Fugazza, D -- Hunt, L K -- Maiorano, E -- Marinoni, S -- Marshall, F E -- Molinari, E -- Nousek, J -- Pian, E -- Racusin, J L -- Stella, L -- Amati, L -- Andreuzzi, G -- Cusumano, G -- Fenimore, E E -- Ferrero, P -- Giommi, P -- Guetta, D -- Holland, S T -- Hurley, K -- Israel, G L -- Mao, J -- Markwardt, C B -- Masetti, N -- Pagani, C -- Palazzi, E -- Palmer, D M -- Piranomonte, S -- Tagliaferri, G -- Testa, V -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 29;461(7268):1258-60. doi: 10.1038/nature08445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy. salvaterra@mib.infn.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19865166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Relativistic jet activity from the tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-26
    Description: Supermassive black holes have powerful gravitational fields with strong gradients that can destroy stars that get too close, producing a bright flare in ultraviolet and X-ray spectral regions from stellar debris that forms an accretion disk around the black hole. The aftermath of this process may have been seen several times over the past two decades in the form of sparsely sampled, slowly fading emission from distant galaxies, but the onset of the stellar disruption event has not hitherto been observed. Here we report observations of a bright X-ray flare from the extragalactic transient Swift J164449.3+573451. This source increased in brightness in the X-ray band by a factor of at least 10,000 since 1990 and by a factor of at least 100 since early 2010. We conclude that we have captured the onset of relativistic jet activity from a supermassive black hole. A companion paper comes to similar conclusions on the basis of radio observations. This event is probably due to the tidal disruption of a star falling into a supermassive black hole, but the detailed behaviour differs from current theoretical models of such events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burrows, D N -- Kennea, J A -- Ghisellini, G -- Mangano, V -- Zhang, B -- Page, K L -- Eracleous, M -- Romano, P -- Sakamoto, T -- Falcone, A D -- Osborne, J P -- Campana, S -- Beardmore, A P -- Breeveld, A A -- Chester, M M -- Corbet, R -- Covino, S -- Cummings, J R -- D'Avanzo, P -- D'Elia, V -- Esposito, P -- Evans, P A -- Fugazza, D -- Gelbord, J M -- Hiroi, K -- Holland, S T -- Huang, K Y -- Im, M -- Israel, G -- Jeon, Y -- Jeon, Y-B -- Jun, H D -- Kawai, N -- Kim, J H -- Krimm, H A -- Marshall, F E -- P Meszaros -- Negoro, H -- Omodei, N -- Park, W-K -- Perkins, J S -- Sugizaki, M -- Sung, H-I -- Tagliaferri, G -- Troja, E -- Ueda, Y -- Urata, Y -- Usui, R -- Antonelli, L A -- Barthelmy, S D -- Cusumano, G -- Giommi, P -- Melandri, A -- Perri, M -- Racusin, J L -- Sbarufatti, B -- Siegel, M H -- Gehrels, N -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 24;476(7361):421-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10374.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. burrows@astro.psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21866154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    The unusual gamma-ray burst GRB 101225A explained as a minor body falling onto a neutron star (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-12-02
    Description: The tidal disruption of a solar-mass star around a supermassive black hole has been extensively studied analytically and numerically. In these events, the star develops into an elongated banana-shaped structure. After completing an eccentric orbit, the bound debris falls into the black hole, forming an accretion disk and emitting radiation. The same process may occur on planetary scales if a minor body passes too close to its star. In the Solar System, comets fall directly into our Sun or onto planets. If the star is a compact object, the minor body can become tidally disrupted. Indeed, one of the first mechanisms invoked to produce strong gamma-ray emission involved accretion of comets onto neutron stars in our Galaxy. Here we report that the peculiarities of the 'Christmas' gamma-ray burst (GRB 101225A) can be explained by a tidal disruption event of a minor body around an isolated Galactic neutron star. This would indicate either that minor bodies can be captured by compact stellar remnants more frequently than occurs in the Solar System or that minor-body formation is relatively easy around millisecond radio pulsars. A peculiar supernova associated with a gamma-ray burst provides an alternative explanation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campana, S -- Lodato, G -- D'Avanzo, P -- Panagia, N -- Rossi, E M -- Della Valle, M -- Tagliaferri, G -- Antonelli, L A -- Covino, S -- Ghirlanda, G -- Ghisellini, G -- Melandri, A -- Pian, E -- Salvaterra, R -- Cusumano, G -- D'Elia, V -- Fugazza, D -- Palazzi, E -- Sbarufatti, B -- Vergani, S D -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 30;480(7375):69-71. doi: 10.1038/nature10592.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy. sergio.campana@brera.inaf.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The metamorphosis of supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: a link between supernovae and GRBs/hypernovae (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: The only supernovae (SNe) to show gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) or early x-ray emission thus far are overenergetic, broad-lined type Ic SNe (hypernovae, HNe). Recently, SN 2008D has shown several unusual features: (i) weak x-ray flash (XRF), (ii) an early, narrow optical peak, (iii) disappearance of the broad lines typical of SN Ic HNe, and (iv) development of helium lines as in SNe Ib. Detailed analysis shows that SN 2008D was not a normal supernova: Its explosion energy (E approximately 6x10(51) erg) and ejected mass [ approximately 7 times the mass of the Sun (M(middle dot in circle))] are intermediate between normal SNe Ibc and HNe. We conclude that SN 2008D was originally a approximately 30 M(middle dot in circle) star. When it collapsed, a black hole formed and a weak, mildly relativistic jet was produced, which caused the XRF. SN 2008D is probably among the weakest explosions that produce relativistic jets. Inner engine activity appears to be present whenever massive stars collapse to black holes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mazzali, Paolo A -- Valenti, Stefano -- Della Valle, Massimo -- Chincarini, Guido -- Sauer, Daniel N -- Benetti, Stefano -- Pian, Elena -- Piran, Tsvi -- D'Elia, Valerio -- Elias-Rosa, Nancy -- Margutti, Raffaella -- Pasotti, Francesco -- Antonelli, L Angelo -- Bufano, Filomena -- Campana, Sergio -- Cappellaro, Enrico -- Covino, Stefano -- D'Avanzo, Paolo -- Fiore, Fabrizio -- Fugazza, Dino -- Gilmozzi, Roberto -- Hunter, Deborah -- Maguire, Kate -- Maiorano, Elisabetta -- Marziani, Paola -- Masetti, Nicola -- Mirabel, Felix -- Navasardyan, Hripsime -- Nomoto, Ken'ichi -- Palazzi, Eliana -- Pastorello, Andrea -- Panagia, Nino -- Pellizza, L J -- Sari, Re'em -- Smartt, Stephen -- Tagliaferri, Gianpiero -- Tanaka, Masaomi -- Taubenberger, Stefan -- Tominaga, Nozomu -- Trundle, Carrie -- Turatto, Massimo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 29;321(5893):1185-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1158088. Epub 2008 Jul 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck Institut fur Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. mazzali@mpa-garching.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    GRB 130427A: a nearby ordinary monster (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-11-23
    Description: Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are an extremely rare outcome of the collapse of massive stars and are typically found in the distant universe. Because of its intrinsic luminosity (L ~ 3 x 10(53) ergs per second) and its relative proximity (z = 0.34), GRB 130427A reached the highest fluence observed in the gamma-ray band. Here, we present a comprehensive multiwavelength view of GRB 130427A with Swift, the 2-meter Liverpool and Faulkes telescopes, and by other ground-based facilities, highlighting the evolution of the burst emission from the prompt to the afterglow phase. The properties of GRB 130427A are similar to those of the most luminous, high-redshift GRBs, suggesting that a common central engine is responsible for producing GRBs in both the contemporary and the early universe and over the full range of GRB isotropic energies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maselli, A -- Melandri, A -- Nava, L -- Mundell, C G -- Kawai, N -- Campana, S -- Covino, S -- Cummings, J R -- Cusumano, G -- Evans, P A -- Ghirlanda, G -- Ghisellini, G -- Guidorzi, C -- Kobayashi, S -- Kuin, P -- La Parola, V -- Mangano, V -- Oates, S -- Sakamoto, T -- Serino, M -- Virgili, F -- Zhang, B-B -- Barthelmy, S -- Beardmore, A -- Bernardini, M G -- Bersier, D -- Burrows, D -- Calderone, G -- Capalbi, M -- Chiang, J -- D'Avanzo, P -- D'Elia, V -- De Pasquale, M -- Fugazza, D -- Gehrels, N -- Gomboc, A -- Harrison, R -- Hanayama, H -- Japelj, J -- Kennea, J -- Kopac, D -- Kouveliotou, C -- Kuroda, D -- Levan, A -- Malesani, D -- Marshall, F -- Nousek, J -- O'Brien, P -- Osborne, J P -- Pagani, C -- Page, K L -- Page, M -- Perri, M -- Pritchard, T -- Romano, P -- Saito, Y -- Sbarufatti, B -- Salvaterra, R -- Steele, I -- Tanvir, N -- Vianello, G -- Wiegand, B -- Wiersema, K -- Yatsu, Y -- Yoshii, T -- Tagliaferri, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 3;343(6166):48-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1242279. Epub 2013 Nov 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (IASF) Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153 I-90146 Palermo, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24263134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    An origin for short γ-ray bursts unassociated with current star formation (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 438 (2005), S. 994-996 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two short (〈 2 s) γ-ray bursts (GRBs) have recently been localized and fading afterglow counterparts detected. The combination of these two results left unclear the nature of the host galaxies of the bursts, because one was a star-forming dwarf, while the other was probably an ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04392
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An enigmatic long-lasting γ-ray burst not accompanied by a bright supernova (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 1050-1052 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short, intense flashes of soft γ-rays coming from the distant Universe. Long-duration GRBs (those lasting more than ∼2 s) are believed to originate from the deaths of massive stars, mainly on the basis of a handful of solid associations between GRBs ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05374
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  • 9
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    GRB host galaxies with VLT/X-Shooter: properties at 0.8 〈 z 〈 1.3 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-06
    Description: Long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) are associated with the death of massive stars. Their host galaxies therefore represent a unique class of objects tracing star formation across the observable Universe. Indeed, recently accumulated evidence shows that GRB hosts do not differ substantially from general population of galaxies at high ( z  〉 2) redshifts. However, it has been long recognized that the properties of z  〈 1.5 hosts, compared to general star-forming population, are unusual. To better understand the reasons for the supposed difference in LGRB hosts properties at z  〈 1.5, we obtained Very Large Telescope (VLT)/X-Shooter spectra of six hosts lying in the redshift range of 0.8 〈  z  〈 1.3. Some of these hosts have been observed before, yet we still lack well-constrained information on their characteristics such as metallicity, dust extinction and star formation rate (SFR). We search for emission lines in the VLT/X-Shooter spectra of the hosts and measure their fluxes. We perform a detailed analysis, estimating host average extinction, SFRs, metallicities and electron densities where possible. Measured quantities of our hosts are compared to a larger sample of previously observed GRB hosts at z  〈 2. SFRs and metallicities are measured for all the hosts analysed in this paper and metallicities are well determined for four hosts. The mass–metallicity relation, the fundamental metallicity relation and SFRs derived from our hosts occupy similar parameter space as other host galaxies investigated so far at the same redshift. We therefore conclude that GRB hosts in our sample support the found discrepancy between the properties of low-redshift GRB hosts and the general population of star-forming galaxies.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Swift J201424.9+152930: discovery of a new deeply eclipsing binary with 491-s and 3.4-h modulations (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-30
    Description: We report on the discovery of a new X-ray pulsator, Swift J201424.9+152930 (Sw J2014). Owing to its X-ray modulation at 491 s, it was discovered in a systematic search for coherent signals in the archival data of the Swift X-ray Telescope. To investigate the nature of Sw J2014, we performed multiwavelength follow-up observations with space-borne ( Swift and XMM–Newton ) and ground-based (the 1.5-m Loiano Telescope and the 3.6-m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo) instruments. The X-ray spectrum of Sw J2014 can be described by a hard and highly absorbed ( N H  ~ 5 10 22  cm –2 ) power law ( ~ 1). The optical observations made it possible to single out the optical counterpart to this source, which displays several variable emission lines and total eclipses lasting 20 min. Total eclipses of similar length were observed also in X-rays. The study of the eclipses, allowed us to infer a second periodicity of 3.44 h, which we interpret as the orbital period of a close binary system. We also found that the period has not significantly changed over a ~7 yr timespan. Based on the timing signatures of Sw J2014, and its optical and X-ray spectral properties, we suggest that it is a close binary hosting an accreting magnetic white dwarf. The system is therefore a cataclysmic variable of the intermediate polar type and one of the very few showing deep eclipses.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
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    Topics: Physics
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