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  • 1
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    Disruption of PARP1 function inhibits base excision repair of a sub-set of DNA lesions (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-03
    Description: The repair of endogenously induced DNA damage is essential to maintain genomic integrity. It has been shown that XRCC1 and PARP1 are involved in the repair of base lesions and SSBs, although the exact mode of action has yet to be determined. Here we show that XRCC1 is involved in the repair of base lesions and SSBs independent of the cell cycle. However, the rate of repair of damage requiring XRCC1 does reflect the damage complexity. The repair of induced DNA damage occurs by PARP1-dependent and PARP1-independent sub-pathways of BER. It is suggested that the repair of SSBs and purine base damage is by a sub-pathway of BER that requires both XRCC1 and PARP1. Repair of pyrimidine base damage may require XRCC1 but does not require PARP1 activity. Therefore, although BER of simple lesions occurs rapidly, pathway choice and the involvement of PARP1 are highly dependent on the types of lesion induced.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    IJERPH, Vol. 16, Pages 1096: Influence of Work on Elevated Blood Pressure in Hispanic Adolescents in South Texas (2019)
    MDPI
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Literature supports an association between work and cardiovascular disease in adults. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between current work status and elevated blood pressure in Hispanic adolescents. Participants were students in Hidalgo County, located along the Texas-Mexico border. Participants enrolled in the cohort study in ninth grade with assessments completed once a year for up to three years. Participants completed a self-report survey, while staff measured height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and were screened for acanthosis nigricans. A generalized linear regression model with a logit link function was constructed to assess current work status and elevated blood pressure. Of the 508 participants, 29% had elevated blood pressure, which was associated with being male and other chronic disease indicators (e.g., acanthosis nigricans, overweight/obesity). The mean probability for elevated blood pressure was higher among currently working adolescents compared to those who were not. Findings were statistically significant (p 〈 0.05) at baseline. The findings illustrate that a large proportion of adolescents along the Texas-Mexico border may have elevated blood pressure and that working may be associated with it. Subsequent research is needed to confirm these findings, as well as to identify the mechanism for how work may increase hypertension in adolescents.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI
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  • 3
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    Taking care of business in a flash : constraining the time-scale for low-mass satellite quenching with ELVIS (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-15
    Description: The vast majority of dwarf satellites orbiting the Milky Way and M31 are quenched, while comparable galaxies in the field are gas rich and star forming. Assuming that this dichotomy is driven by environmental quenching, we use the Exploring the Local Volume in Simulations (ELVIS) suite of N -body simulations to constrain the characteristic time-scale upon which satellites must quench following infall into the virial volumes of their hosts. The high satellite quenched fraction observed in the Local Group demands an extremely short quenching time-scale (~2 Gyr) for dwarf satellites in the mass range M * ~ 10 6 –10 8 M . This quenching time-scale is significantly shorter than that required to explain the quenched fraction of more massive satellites (~8 Gyr), both in the Local Group and in more massive host haloes, suggesting a dramatic change in the dominant satellite quenching mechanism at M * 10 8 M . Combining our work with the results of complementary analyses in the literature, we conclude that the suppression of star formation in massive satellites ( M * ~ 10 8 –10 11 M ) is broadly consistent with being driven by starvation, such that the satellite quenching time-scale corresponds to the cold gas depletion time. Below a critical stellar mass scale of ~10 8 M , however, the required quenching times are much shorter than the expected cold gas depletion times. Instead, quenching must act on a time-scale comparable to the dynamical time of the host halo. We posit that ram-pressure stripping can naturally explain this behaviour, with the critical mass (of M * ~ 10 8 M ) corresponding to haloes with gravitational restoring forces that are too weak to overcome the drag force encountered when moving through an extended, hot circumgalactic medium.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    High-energy in-beam neutron measurements of metal-based shielding for accelerator-driven spallation neutron sources (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Description: Author(s): D. D. DiJulio, C. P. Cooper-Jensen, H. Björgvinsdóttir, Z. Kokai, and P. M. Bentley Metal-based shielding plays an important role in the attenuation of harmful and unwanted radiation at an accelerator-driven spallation neutron source. At the European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, metal-based materials are planned to be used extensively as neutron … [Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19, 053501] Published Tue May 31, 2016
    Keywords: Other Accelerator Subsystems and Technologies
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-4402
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Contrasting coastal and shelf nursery habitats of Pacific cod in the southeastern Bering Sea (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-20
    Description: Shallow, subtidal waters of coastal embayments are the primary nursery habitats of juvenile Pacific cod through much of their range. However, the importance of these habitats to the Bering Sea population is poorly understood as the Bering Sea offers relatively little of this habitat. In this study, we examined the use of demersal and pelagic habitats in the southeast Bering Sea by age-0 Pacific cod. In 4 years of demersal beam trawling on the shelf at depths of 20–146 m, fish were most abundant along the Alaska Peninsula (AKP) at depths to 50 m. In addition, 1 year of spatially intensive beam trawl sampling was conducted at depths of 5–30 m in a nearshore focal area along the central AKP. In this survey, age-0 cod were more abundant along the open coastline than they were in two coastal embayments, counter to patterns observed in the Gulf of Alaska. Demersal sampling in 2012 was conducted synoptically with surveys of surface and subsurface waters over the continental shelf. Age-0 cod were captured in pelagic waters over the middle and outer shelf, with maximum catches occurring over depths of 60–80 m. The similar size distributions of fish in coastal-demersal and shelf-surface habitats and the proximity of concentrations in the two habitat types suggests that habitat use in the Bering Sea occurs along a gradient from coastal to pelagic. While capture efficiencies may differ among trawl types, trawl-based estimates of age-0 cod density in demersal waters along the AKP was 10 times that observed in the highest density pelagic-shelf habitats, demonstrating the importance of coastal nursery habitats in this population. Despite representing a much smaller habitat area, the coastal waters along the AKP appear an important nursery area and support a significant fraction of the age-0 Pacific cod in the Bering Sea.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Endothelial protein kinase MAP4K4 promotes vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-23
    Description: Article Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease with limited therapeutic options. Here, the authors show that protein kinase MAP4K4 regulates vascular inflammation underlying atherosclerotic plaque development and that its inhibition prevents the disease and promotes lesion regression in mice, proposing a new atherosclerosis treatment. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms9995 Authors: Rachel J. Roth Flach, Athanasia Skoura, Anouch Matevossian, Laura V. Danai, Wei Zheng, Christian Cortes, Samit K. Bhattacharya, Myriam Aouadi, Nana Hagan, Joseph C. Yawe, Pranitha Vangala, Lorena Garcia Menendez, Marcus P. Cooper, Timothy P. Fitzgibbons, Leonard Buckbinder, Michael P. Czech
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Piotr P. Slonimski - The Warrior Pope: The discovery of mitochondrial (petite) mutants and split genes (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-25
    Print ISSN: 1567-1356
    Electronic ISSN: 1567-1364
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Integrating the Uranium-Series and Elemental Diffusion Geochronometers in Mixed Magmas from Volcan Quizapu, Central Chile (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-18
    Description: Magma mixing is a ubiquitous process in silicic magmatic systems. We present pre- and post-mixing time scales for a single magma mixing event associated with the 1846–1847 eruption of Volcán Quizapu. We compare and contrast 226 Ra– 230 Th crystal residence ages between the mixed lavas of the 1846–1847 effusive eruption and the largely homogeneous plinian dacite eruption of 1932. Both eruptions are dominated by the same dacite magma, whereas the earlier eruption contains evidence for a single episode of mafic recharge and mixing. The use of uranium-series mineral separate dating on a mixed magma requires deconvolution of different crystal populations. We present a four-component mixing model for the crystal separates to obtain dacite-derived plagioclase model ages as well as andesite-derived (recharge) plagioclase ages. Plagioclase model ages average ~3·6 ka for dacite-derived plagioclase from the mixed (1846–1847) eruption, ~1·4 kyr older than average plagioclase model ages of the 1932 eruption, suggesting that magma mixing and reheating led to some resorption of young crystal rims in the 1846–1847 magmatic episode and/or that some growth of plagioclase rims occurred during the repose time of 86 years. The andesite-derived plagioclase residence ages are younger than the corresponding dacite-derived plagioclase residence ages, but they are still of the order of thousands of years. In addition, we use Mg diffusion in plagioclase to constrain time scales of magma mixing. We show that the 1846–1847 eruption was triggered by large-volume mafic recharge magma that mixed and mingled with the resident dacite within probably days to weeks of the ensuing eruption.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3530
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2415
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Barlowite, Cu4FBr(OH)6, a new mineral isotructural with claringbullite: description and crystal structure (2015)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-12
    Description: The new mineral species barlowite, ideally Cu 4 FBr(OH) 6 , has been found at the Great Australia mine, Cloncurry, Queensland, Australia. It is the Br and F analogue of claringbullite. Barlowite forms thin blue, platy, hexagonal crystals up to 0.5 mm wide in a cuprite-quartz-goethite matrix associated with gerhardtite and brochantite. Crystals are transparent to translucent with a vitreous lustre. The streak is sky blue. The Mohs hardness is 2–2.5. The tenacity is brittle, the fracture is irregular and there is one perfect cleavage on {001}. Density could not be measured; the mineral sinks in the heaviest liquid available, diluted Clerici solution ( D 3.8 g/cm 3 ). The density calculated from the empirical formula is 4.21 g/cm 3 . Crystals are readily soluble in cold dilute HCl. The mineral is optically non-pleochroic and uniaxial (–). The following optical constants measured in white light vary slightly suggesting a small variation in the proportions of F, Cl and Br: 1.840(4)–1.845(4) and 1.833(4)–1.840(4). The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of 18 oxygen atoms and H 2 O calculated to achieve 8 anions and charge balance, is Cu 4.00 F 1.11 Br 0.95 Cl 0.09 (OH) 5.85 . Barlowite is hexagonal, space group P 6 3 / mmc , a = 6.6786(2), c = 9.2744(3) Å, V = 358.251(19) Å 3 , Z = 2. The five strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [ d (Å)( I )( hkl )]: 5.790(100)(010); 2.889(40)(020); 2.707(55)(112); 2.452(40)(022); 1.668(30)(220).
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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  • 10
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    Atom probe tomography of isoferroplatinum (2015)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-02
    Description: Here we apply the relatively new analytical technique of atom probe tomography (APT) to a naturally occurring isoferroplatinum grain (Pt 3 Fe) from northern California to constrain its origin and the nanoscale distribution of trace elements within the grain. Each analysis detected the positions of 10 million atoms in three dimensions with sub-nanometer spatial resolution. The (111) atomic planes are clearly resolved and their orientation was confirmed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The elemental concentrations of all elements (Pt, Fe, Ir, Ni, Rh, Ru, and Cu) determined from the APT mass/charge spectra are within 2 standard deviations of electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) of the grain. The isotopic abundances determined by APT matches NIST standard compositions over a wide range of concentrations, down to 100 ppmw. Nanoscale areas free of minor and trace elements are present throughout the sample. These could be due to the random distribution of atoms. Alternatively, the Pt-Fe phase diagram indicates that order-disorder precipitates of an L1 2 structure could have formed as the isoferroplatinum cooled from magmatic temperatures ( Nose et al. 2003 ). The trace element free areas could be such precipitates, which would support a high-temperature igneous origin for the isoferroplatinum, rather than formation during low-temperature serpentinization. The results highlight the unique capabilities of APT and the potential utility of knowing the location and identity of atoms in nanometric volumes.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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