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  • 1
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    Nightglow in the upper atmosphere of Mars and implications for atmospheric transport (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: We detected light emissions in the nightside martian atmosphere with the SPICAM (spectroscopy for the investigation of the characteristics of the atmosphere of Mars) ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer on board the Mars Express. The UV spectrum of this nightglow is composed of hydrogen Lyman alpha emission (121.6 nanometers) and the gamma and delta bands of nitric oxide (NO) (190 to 270 nanometers) produced when N and O atoms combine to produce the NO molecule. N and O atoms are produced by extreme UV photodissociation of O2, CO2, and N2 in the dayside upper atmosphere and transported to the night side. The NO emission is brightest in the winter south polar night because of continuous downward transport of air in this region at night during winter and because of freezing at ground level.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bertaux, Jean-Loup -- Leblanc, Francois -- Perrier, Severine -- Quemerais, E -- Korablev, Oleg -- Dimarellis, E -- Reberac, A -- Forget, F -- Simon, P C -- Stern, S A -- Sandel, Bill -- SPICAM Team -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):566-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), BP.3, 91371, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France. bertaux@aerov.jussieu.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Hydrogen ; *Mars ; *Nitric Oxide ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; Seasons ; Spacecraft ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Temperature ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Astronomy and solar physics: measurement of the solar spectral irradiance from 200 to 3000 nanometers (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-13
    Description: The solar spectrum experiment on Spacelab 1 measured 98 percent of the sun's total energy output. It improved the absolute accuracy of solar irradiance data, especially in the ultraviolet and infrared regions. In order to detect any variation in the spectrum on future shuttle flights, the data were obtained in a radiation scale that can be preserved with high precision over many years. The instrument performance and preliminary data reduction are described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thuillier, G -- Goutail, J P -- Simon, P C -- Pastiels, R -- Labs, D -- Neckel, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 13;225(4658):182-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17837934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of Ground-Based Visible Measurements of Total Ozone by Comparison with Dobson and Brewer Spectrophotometers (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 29 (1998), S. 55-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: stratosphere ; ozone ; validation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Comparisons of total column ozone measurements from Dobson, Brewer and SAOZ instruments are presented for the period 1990 to 1995 at seven stations covering the mid- and the high northern latitudes, as well as the Antarctic region. The main purpose of these comparisons is to assess, by reference to the well established Dobson network, the accuracy of the zenith-sky visible spectroscopy for the measurement of total ozone. The strengths and present limitations of this latter technique are investigated. As a general result, the different instruments are found to agree within a few percent at all stations, the best agreement being obtained at mid-latitudes. On average, for the mid-latitudes, SAOZ O3 measurements are approximately 2% higher than Dobson ones, with a scatter of about 5%. At higher latitudes, both scatter and systematic deviation tend to increase. In all cases, the relative differences between SAOZ and Dobson or Brewer column ozone are characterised by a significant seasonal signal, the amplitude of which increases from about 2.5% at mid-latitude to a maximum of 7.5% at Faraday, Antarctica. Although it introduces a significant contribution to the seasonality at high latitude, the temperature sensitivity of the O3 absorption coefficients of the Dobson and Brewer instruments is shown to be too small to account for the observed SAOZ/Dobson differences. Except for Faraday, these differences can however be largely reduced if SAOZ AMFs are calculated with realistic climatological profiles of ozone, pressure and temperature. Other sources of uncertainties that might affect the comparison are investigated. Evidence is found that the differences in the air masses sampled by the SAOZ and the other instruments contribute significantly to the scatter, and the impact of the tropospheric clouds on SAOZ measurements is displayed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005815902581
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier transform measurement of NO2 absorption cross-section in the visible range at room temperature (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 25 (1996), S. 289-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Fourier transform spectroscopy ; NO2 ; absorption cross-sections ; differential absorption cross-sections ; visible ; stratospheric and tropospheric measurements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract New laboratory measurements of NO2 absorption cross-section were performed using a Fourier transform spectrometer at 2 and 16 cm-1 (0.03 and 0.26 nm at 400 nm) in the visible range (380–830 nm) and at room temperature. The use of a Fourier transform spectrometer leads to a very accurate wavenumber scale (0.005 cm-1, 8×10-5 nm at 400 nm). The uncertainty on the new measurements is better than 4%. Absolute and differential cross-sections are compared with published data, giving an agreement ranging from 2 to 5% for the absolute values. The discrepancies in the differential cross-sections can however reach 18%. The influence of the cross-sections on the ground-based measurement of the stratospheric NO2 total amount is also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053797
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercomparison of instruments for tropospheric measurements using differential optical absorption spectroscopy (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 23 (1996), S. 51-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: NO2 ; O3 ; SO2 ; intercomparison ; differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) ; troposphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The results of an intercomparison campaign of eight different long path UV-visible DOAS instruments measuring NO2, O3 and SO2 concentrations in a moderately polluted urban site are presented. For effective optical path lengths of 230 and 780 m the overall spread of these measurements (±1σ) are 5×1010, 6×1010 and 1×1010 molec·cm-3 (2.0, 2.4, and 0.4 ppb) for these molecules respectively when all instruments used a common set of absorption cross sections. The remaining differences are not completely random and the systematic differences are attributed to the different retrieval methods used for each instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058704
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet absorption cross-sections of chloro and chlorofluoro-methanes at stratospheric temperatures (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 7 (1988), S. 107-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Chloromethanes ; chlorofluoromethanes ; ultraviolet absorption ; photodissociation coefficients ; temperature dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Absorption cross-sections of nine halomethanes (CCl4, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3Cl, CFCl3, CF2Cl2, CF3Cl, CHFCl2, and CHF2Cl), measured between 174 and 250 nm for temperatures ranging from 225 to 295 K, are presented with uncertainties ranging from 2 to 4% and compared with previous determinations made for comparable temperature ranges. The largest temperature effect which takes place near the absorption threshold, decreases the absorption cross-section up to 50% for highly chlorinated methanes, but is negligible for molecules highly stabilized by hydrogen and/or fluorine. Extrapolated values for temperatures of aeronomical interest are presented, as well as parametrical formulas which give absorption cross-section values for given wavelength and temperature ranges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048042
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet absorption spectrum of trifluoro-bromo-methane, difluoro-dibromo-methane and difluoro-bromo-chloro-methane in the vapor phase (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 8 (1989), S. 41-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Bromo-fluoro-methanes ; UV absorption cross-sections ; photodissociation coefficients ; temperature dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Ultraviolet absorption cross-sections of trifluoro-bromo-methane (CF3Br-Halon 1301), difluoro-dibromo-methane (CF2Br2-Halon 1202) and of difluoro-bromo-chloro-methane (CF2BrCl-Halon 1211) are measured in the wavelength interval 172–304 nm for temperatures ranging from 210 to 295 K with uncertainties of between 2 and 4%. They are compared with previous measurements available at room temperature. Temperature effects are discussed and parametrical formulae are proposed to compute the absorption cross-sections for wavelengths and temperatures useful in atmospheric modelling calculations. Photodissociation coefficients are presented and their temperature dependence is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053815
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet solar irradiance measurement from 200 to 358 nm during spacelab 1 mission (1987)
    Springer
    Solar physics 107 (1987), S. 203-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper presents the results obtained from the UV-spectrometer of the ‘Solar Spectrum Experiment’ during the Spacelab 1 mission in December 1983. The irradiance data concern 492 passbands, which are located between 200 and 358 nm at almost equidistant wavelengths separated by about 0.3 nm. The passbands have a well-defined, bell-shaped profile with a full width at half maximum of about 1.3 nm. The data, which have an error budget between 4 and 5%, agree closely with the spectral distributions observed by Heath (1980) and Mentall et al. (1981) and confirm that the solar irradiance and the fluxes of Sun-like stars show about the same spectral distribution down to at least 240 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152019
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical response of the middle atmosphere to solar variations (1981)
    Springer
    Solar physics 74 (1981), S. 349-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The possible variation of the trace species concentration in the middle atmosphere related to long term solar irradiance variability is estimated by means of a one-dimensional numerical model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00154522
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An instrument to measure the solar spectrum from 170 to 3200 nm on board Spacelab (1981)
    Springer
    Solar physics 74 (1981), S. 531-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This instrument, at the present time in development, will fly on board Spacelab I in May 1983. Other flights are foreseen during the following missions. This instrument is composed by three double monochromators covering the range 170 to 3200 nm. The spectrometers have band-passes of 1 nm up to 900 nm and 20 nm from 850 to 3200 nm with an accuracy 10−2 nm. Calibration lamps are included in the instrument to monitor any change of its sensitivity and wavelength scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00154536
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