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  • 1
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    On the electromagnetic response of complex pipeline infrastructure (2020)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-07
    Description: Controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) can be used to image subsurface resistivity and add value in petroleum exploration. However, the application of CSEM methods can be particularly challenging in mature oil gas fields, where the presence of steel casings and complex seabed infrastructure may influence electromagnetic (EM) fields. The effect of this metal infrastructure can be modeled using the Method of Moments (MoM), which has been demonstrated to be effective in simple situations. We present a methodology for modeling the EM response of complex pipeline geometry using the MoM and validate our approach both numerically and experimentally; the difference between finite element and MoM modelling is below 3%, while the difference between experimental data and MoM results is below 30%. We further develop a fast and efficient approach to model the EM response of horizontal pipeline infrastructure. First, we introduce individual pipe sections of custom shape; when assembled, these sections are used to construct the whole pipeline system. We then identify “precise” and “approximate” zones based on how accurately we need to perform calculations. We show that the electric field values in the “approximate zone“ can be calculated accurately and quickly using previously saved table values. We therefore achieve a considerable reduction in computational requirements. Finally, we apply our methodology to a real situation of a 60 km horizontal seabed pipeline and show that the electric field distortion can be calculated rapidly and efficiently with our custom-built algorithm.
    Print ISSN: 0016-8033
    Electronic ISSN: 1942-2156
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Do metal infrastructure effects cancel out in time-lapse electromagnetic measurements? (2022)
    SEG (Society of Exploration Geophysicists)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-04
    Description: Controlled-source electromagnetic methods have the potential to be used in reservoir monitoring problems due to their sensitivity to subsurface resistivity distribution. For example, time-lapse electromagnetic (EM) measurements can help to determine reservoir changes during enhanced oil recovery processes, such as water/steam injection or CO2 sequestration. Although metal infrastructure, such as pipelines and casings, can strongly influence EM data and mask the underlying geologic response, these effects have not previously been quantified for time-lapse surveys. We have analyzed the effects of well casings on time-lapse surface-to-surface EM measurements using 1D and 3D modeling. First, using a synthetic example of an onshore 1D hydrocarbon reservoir, we quantified the effect of single and multiple casings at several source and receiver locations. We found that time-lapse responses are significantly distorted when a source or receiver is located near a casing. Next, we approximated a hydrocarbon reservoir as a thin bounded resistive sheet. We developed a method of moments algorithm to calculate the respective secondary currents and charges on a well casing and resistive sheet combination and validated the electric fields these secondary sources generate against finite-element modeling. Finally, we calculated and explicitly demonstrated time-lapse amplitude changes in the well casing-thin-sheet interaction matrix, secondary currents, charges, and surface electric fields. Our 3D modeling results indicated that the conductive casing reduces the ability of the resistive sheet to impede current flow and distorts time-lapse responses. Therefore, one cannot fully eliminate casing effects by subtraction of time-lapse data and must fully incorporate such infrastructure into forward models for time-lapse EM inversion.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 3
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    Unknown
    On the electromagnetic response of complex pipeline infrastructure (2020)
    SEG (Society of Exploration Geophysicists)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-04
    Description: Controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) can be used to image subsurface resistivity and add value in petroleum exploration. However, the application of CSEM methods can be particularly challenging in mature oil and gas fields, where the presence of steel casings and complex seabed infrastructure may influence electromagnetic (EM) fields. The effect of this metal infrastructure can be modeled using the method of moments (MoM), which has previously been demonstrated to be effective in simple situations. We have now developed a methodology for modeling the EM response of complex pipeline geometry using MoM, and we validate our approach numerically and experimentally; the difference between finite-element and MoM modeling is less than 3%, whereas the difference between experimental data and MoM results is less than 30%. We further develop a fast and efficient approach to model the EM response of horizontal pipeline infrastructure. First, we create individual pipe sections of custom shape; when assembled, these sections are used to construct the entire pipeline system. We then identify “precise” and “approximate” zones based on how accurately we need to perform the calculations. We find that the electric field values in the approximate zone can be calculated accurately and quickly using previously saved table values, and therefore achieve a considerable reduction in computational requirements. Finally, we apply our methodology to a real situation of a 60 km horizontal seabed pipeline and find that the electric field distortion can be calculated rapidly and efficiently with our custom-built algorithm.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
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