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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 1242-1250 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In today's high frequency systems employed for plasma diagnostics, power heating, and current drive the behavior of the wave beams is appreciably affected by the self-diffraction phenomena due to their narrow collimation. In the present article the three-dimensional propagation of Gaussian beams in inhomogeneous and anisotropic media is analyzed, starting from a properly formulated dispersion relation. Particular attention is paid, in the case of electromagnetic electron cyclotron (EC) waves, to the toroidal geometry characterizing tokamak plasmas, to the power density evolution on the advancing wave fronts, and to the absorption features occurring when a beam crosses an EC resonant layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1256-1256 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 2143-2148 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The evolution, through a toroidal magnetoactive plasma of the polarization of an electromagnetic wave and of the energy of the modes into which it splits, is analyzed here under the condition of negligible geometric refraction, also taking into account the possible wave absorption as a result of electron cyclotron resonances. The problem is reduced to the solution of a simple set of first-order differential equations, avoiding both the complexity of the full Maxwell system and the limitations of a WKB treatment. This differential set is solved numerically, and its results are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 1945-1954 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The main effect of the Gaussian behavior of an electromagnetic beam consists in a waist formation in focal regions, where the ordinary geometric optics would collapse. The characteristic features of Gaussian beams, both when they interact with the components of transmission lines and when they propagate through inhomogeneous and anisotropic media (as happens, for instance, in the case of diagnostic or heating experiments in magnetoactive plasmas of fusion interest), are of crucial relevance for many technical and scientific purposes. The present paper is devoted to the analysis of the propagation of Gaussian beams, showing in particular that a properly formulated eikonal equation contains all the elements required by a correct ray tracing procedure, basically amounting to a first-order description of the beam diffraction. Simple methods are proposed, apt to follow numerically the beam evolution for a quite general choice of refractive media and of wave launching conditions. Numerical results are presented for Gaussian beam propagation in vacuum, in isotropic and anisotropic media, and compared (evidencing significant deviations) to the corresponding ones in the optical case.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 33 (1970), S. 228-229 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 36 (1971), S. 331-332 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 6 (1985), S. 527-540 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma ; Emission, absorption and scattering of radiation ; Electromagnetic waves ; Plasma simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Con riferimento ad un plasma toroidale assisimmetrico con configurazione arbitraria di equilibrio magnetico, si presenta, con applicazioni a macchine specifiche, un codice di ray tracing, facente uso di una trattazione debolmente relativistica dell'assorbimento e dell'emissione alle frequenze elettroniche di ciclotrone (fondamentale e sue armoniche). Sono inclusi gli effetti dia/paramagnetici nella componente toroidale del campo magnetico ed è prevista la possibilitá di sovrapposizione di differenti armoniche lungo la traiettoria dei raggi. Si calcola inoltre la polarizzazione delle onde uscenti dal plasma. Eventuali plasma sopratermici sono descritti mediante un'opportuna somma di funzioni di distribuzione elettroniche maxwelliane dotate di diverse velocità medie.
    Notes: Summary A weakly relativistic treatment of absorption and emission at the electron cyclotron frequency and its harmonics is presented in a toroidal geometry characterized by general magnetic-equilibrium surfaces. Dia/paramagnetic effects are included in the toroidal component of the magnetic field. Along the ray trajectory the possible overlapping between different harmonics is taken into account and the wave polarization is computed at the plasma edge. Thermal and non-thermal plasmas are described by an electron distribution function given as a suitable superposition of drifting Maxwellians.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 8 (1986), S. 318-332 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Nonlinear waves and nonlinear interactions ; Electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma ; Plasma heating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si sviluppa la teoria quasi lineare relativistica per le fluttuazioni di onde elettroniche di ciclotrone per un plasma omogeneo. Si otteggono inoltre le espressioni dei coefficienti d'assorbimento ed emissione del plasma, consistentemente con la teoria lineare correntemente usata. Si considera infine l'estensione della teoria ad un plasma disomogeneo, applicandola all'analisi quantitativa di propagazione, assorbimento ed emissione di onde di ciclotrone.
    Abstract: Резюме Для однородной плазмы развивается релятивистская квазилинейная теория электронных циклотронных флуктуаций. Приводятся вйражения для коэффициентов поглощения и испускания, соответствующих повсеместно используемой линейной теории. Рассматривается обобщения и излучения волн в плазме в физическн интересных случаях.
    Notes: Summary The relativistic quasi-linear theory of electron cyclotron fluctuations is developed for a homogeneous plasma. Expressions are given for the absorption and emission coefficients, consistently with the currently employed linear theory. The extension to the inhomogeneousplasma case is considered and shown to allow the analysis of wave propagation, absorption and emission in plasmas of physical interest.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 10 (1988), S. 1143-1159 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation ; Electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto La possibilità, offerta da misure polarimetriche nell’infrarosso, di determinare il profilo della densità di corrente nel plasma di un tokamak ha rinnovato l’interesse nel cambiamento di polarizzazione delle onde elettromagnetiche che attraversano un plasma magnetizzato. A causa dello “shear” magnetico, che accoppia i modi caratteristici, la frazione di energia in ciascun modo varia, e l’evoluzione della polarizzazione richiede un trattamento al di fuori dell’approssimazione WKB. Nel presente lavoro si mostra che tale evoluzione, insieme a quella dell’energia dei modi, è descritta da un sistema di quattro equazioni differenziali del prim’ordine, le cui soluzioni sono discusse in generale ed analizzate nei casi limite più significativi.
    Abstract: Резюме Отмечается, что изменение поляризации электромагнитных волн, проходящих через намагниченную плазму, представляет интерес из-за возможности, связанной с измерениями поляризации в инфракракрасной области частот, определения профиля плотности тока для плазмы в токамаке. Из-за магнитного сдвига, который представляет параметр связи между характеристическими модами, доля энергии в каждой моде не является постоянной величиной и необходимо не квазиклассическое рассмотрение, чтобы описать эволюцию поляризации волиы. В этой работе показывается, что эта эволюция, а также энергия моды, описывается системой четырех дифференциальных уравнений первого порядка. Обсуждаются решения этой системы в общем случае и наиболее интересных предельных случаях.
    Notes: Summary The polarization change of an electromagnetic wave passing through a magnetized plasma turns out to be of renewed interest because of the possibility, offered by polarimetry measurements in the infrared range of frequencies, of determining the current density profile for a tokamak plasma. Because of magnetic shear, acting as a coupling parameter between the characteristic modes, the fraction of energy in each mode is not a constant, and a non-WKB treatment is necessary in order to describe the evolution of the wave polarization. The present work shows that this evolution, together with the one of the mode energy, is described by a set of four first-order differential equations. The solutions of this system are discussed in the general case, and in significant limiting cases.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 517-528 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Emission, absorption and scattering of radiowave and microwave radiation ; Electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The interaction of lower hybrid waves with a toroidal plasma is expected to develop high-energy tails in the electron distribution function. In the present paper a ray-tracing emission code for electron cyclotron waves is employed to study the possibilities, offered by the measurements of their emission and/or absorption, of obtaining different kinds of information about such distribution functions.
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