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  • 1
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    Lake Victoria Environment Management Project (LVEMP) | Kisumu, Kenya
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The main objective of the study was to generate information on the levels of pesticide residue levels in soil, sediments and water from river Nyando catchment area, where various pesticides are used for agricultural production. The data generated will form the basis for future surveillance program on pesticides residues within the Lake Victoria catchment area and in policy formulation on the level of POPS in the environment .
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Pesticides ; Chemical pollutants ; Heavy metals ; Toxicity ; Pollution effects ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.261-292 [Chapter 11]
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The purpose of this brief report is to explain the reasons behind the falling lake levels, predict future trends and suggest remedial measures.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water levels ; Lake dynamics ; Resource conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known
    Format: 9pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Training programs were designed to provide scientists with strengths in applied limnology, monitoring and the environment. In addition, the training provided scientists with a firm background in data analysis, interpretation and synthesis procedures, including statistics, numerical analysis, programming and conceptual modelling methods. Most hydrologists and water chemists in public and private employment were educated in a tradition that emphasized qualitative schooling, and this project therefore has managed to train a new type of scientist who can apply quantitative methods to their research, monitoring or operational undertakings. The scientists also benefited from adequate training in computer analytical techniques, most notable in the area of model applications, graphics; including mapping, contour plotting, remote sensing interpretation, GIS; and interpretation of water quality data. The scientists obtained both practical and theoretical knowledge, thus they are now able to integrate and apply a number of scientific disciplines to problems of relating to the water quality monitoring of the lake and its ecosystem, in addition to environmental management and conservation of the catchment. By participating in high level courses in addition to computer training and fieldwork, the scientists have now acquired an in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles of limnology and water quality monitoring. The scientists of this programme are now well-grounded field specialists, who apart from their high specialization in water related issues appreciate the exigencies of other related disciplines. Their specializations within an interdisciplinary/ trans-disciplinary framework have resulted in versatile international scholars prepared with knowledge, awareness and skills to assess and solve pertinent environmental issues and problems afflicting the lake. Apart from training, elaborate infrastructure for water quality monitoring has been established in the region. In Kisumu, Mwanza, Bukoba and Musoma laboratories were rehabilitated and equipped, whereas the Entebbe laboratory was equipped with more sophisticated equipment. There is now a regional network for data collection in the inshore and offshore areas in addition to establishment of a precipitation network. Monitoring programs have involved placement and utilization of the harmonized monitoring network. Quality control and quality assurance mechanisms are now practiced and coordinated among the three countries. LVEMP has put emphasis on establishment of internal and regional quality assurance mechanisms, enhancement of laboratory performances and efficiency, and data generation and management. Although research vessels were obtained from each country’s fisheries research institute, this arrangement was not efficient since the vessels were obtained only at their discretion and convenience. It is recommended that this component acquire its own vessel dedicated to water quality research to guarantee effective implementation of the monitoring program in the future.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Environmental monitoring ; Resource conservation ; Water quality ; Freshwater lakes ; Inland waters ; Equipment ; Training
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.9-24
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Water Quality and Ecosystem Management Components of the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP) in the three East African countries collaborating on LVEMP phase 1 have made considerable progress towards understanding Lake Victoria water quality and its ecosystem as well as effects of resource utilization and exploitation on the lake and its catchment.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water quality ; Physical limnology ; Ecosystems ; Catchment area ; Lake basins ; Inland waters ; Freshwater lakes ; Exploitation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.1-27 [Chapter 1]
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper reports on the major limnological and water quality findings in Lake Victoria, Kenya and offers suggestions on sustainable management of lake water quality.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water quality ; Eutrophication ; Resource management ; Limnology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.239-261 [Chapter 10]
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This report documents and explains the changes that have taken place over the recent decades, and provides an overview of the present water quality status of the lake as well as identifying past changes and continuing trends that may require remedial action. The report provides detailed information and spatial resolution at the regional scale to support environmental decision-making in regards to possible remediation of undesirable changes that have reduced beneficial uses of Lake Victoria biological and water resources.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water resources ; Freshwater lakes ; Inland waters ; Environmental conditions ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.1-8
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Concern has been raised about the contribution of atmospheric deposition to the nutrient flux of Lake Victoria. A few studies on the atmospheric deposition over the African Great Lakes have shown that the atmospheric deposition is a significant source of Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) to lakes and in fact by far the highest contributor of N and P on the lake surface. This has been attributed to the large scale destruction of soil cover as a result of changes in the land use system, improper agricultural practices and transport from other regions through regional and global air circulation. The objective of this study was to estimate the amount of TP and TN coming from the atmosphere and to compliment measurement from the catchment in order to estimate a nutrient mass balance for Winam Gulf. Two stations were selected for this study, Kadenge and Kisumu. Both wet and dry atmospheric samples were collected in an acid rinsed bucket mounted on a metal structure 1.5m from the ground and analysed for TP and TN using standard methods. It was observed that the annual dry deposition rates for both TP and TN were higher than the wet ones. Dry TP. 575.2 tonnes/year, wet TP. 472.8 tonnes/year giving a total of 1048 tonnes/year with dry P accounting for 55% and wet P 45%. Dry TN. 10289.98 tonnes/year, wet TN. 12133.6 tonnes/year and a total of 22423.6 tonnes/year and dry N accounting for 46% and wet N 54 %. Compared with estimates of TP and TN from the catchment studies these represent about 38% TP and about 70% TN to the Winam Gulf (Kenyan side of L.Victoria) If these rates are applied to the whole lake surface assuming that there is no major difference in deposition rates across the lake, it was estimated that 17515.5 tonnes of TP and 373727.2 tonnes of TN was deposited per year with dry P accounting for more than 50% of TP and dry N accounts for more than 50% of TN. These estimates have been made from two land-based stations and therefore there is need for the inshore stations to be established. It is therefore necessary as a management strategy to eutrophication in Lake Victoria, to address the atmospheric deposition alongside other sources of nutrients to the lake.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Phosphorus ; Nitrogen ; Water quality ; Eutrophication
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.80-101 [Chapter 4]
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  • 8
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    Lake Victoria Environment Management Project (LVEMP) | Kisumu, Kenya
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Implementation of the subcomponent on Management of Industrial and Municipal Effluents (MIME) under the LVEMP project was aimed at addressing various deficiencies, which contribute to the overall problem of deterioration of the Lake water quality. The main tasks were to identify and catalogue industries and municipalities that produce organic and inorganic pollutants including nutrients; to collect pertinent information relating to each industry such as industry location, process water requirements and inputs, outputs, by-products (effluents and solid wastes), and their environmental impacts and to sensitize stakeholders to take a lead role in promoting cleaner technology.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Water quality ; Industrial wastes ; Chemical pollutants ; Effluents ; Sewage ; Pollutants ; Environmental impact
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.116-144 [Chapter 6]
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The impact of water quality changes in the Lake Victoria basin on beneficial uses is discussed. Beneficial uses of resources from the lake basin are very significant for the livelihoods of the riparian communities and the respective countries. The basin is also a source of fish and fish-products to national and international markets. The relationships between water quality, ecosystem health and socio-economic implications and human health are manifold and complex. Valuation of impacts and need for action in response to the impacts are addressed. Findings showed that banned organochlorines e.g. DDT is still being used in the catchments. Mercury contamination of soil and watercourses occurs but is still very localized. The levels of heavy metals in Lake Victoria waters and fish are within the acceptable limits of the international standards. Waterborne/water-related diseases including diarrhoea, dysentery, amoebiasis, typhoid, intestinal worms, bilharzia, malaria, skin diseases and eye infections have increased in the basin. HIV/AIDS and other STDs were also common at landing sites. Agriculture, urban runoff, municipal, domestic and industrial wastes are the major sources of pollution that contributes to the flourishing of water borne pathogens. In most fishing villages, sanitary conditions were poor, and even latrines were inadequate or lacking. Some major towns along the shores such as Bukoba and Musoma (Tanzania) have no sewerage systems while the major cities are still under serviced. Destruction of wetlands has aggravated the situation by removing buffering capacity for pollution loads. Highly toxic blue-green algal blooms consisting of Microcystis and Anabaena spp. dominate the nearshores of bays and gulfs. It was noted that water quality change in the basin has adversely affected the beneficial uses of Lake Victoria basin waters by the riparian communities. These trends need to be controlled or reversed; hence the need for action. Recommendations for appropriate agencies and LVEMP phase 2 to undertake in order to restore the lake basin to pre- 1980s conditions to improve on the beneficial uses are suggested.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Riparian environments ; Water quality ; Environmental diseases ; Heavy metals ; Pollution effects
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report Section , Not Known
    Format: pp.141-171
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