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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on Morph-Genetic Materials Derived from Natural Structure (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 502 (Dec. 2005), p. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Synthesis of morph-genetic materials derived from biological structures by rapid, high temperature conversion represents a novel technology of advanced materials processing. The resulting morph-genetic materials exhibit unique macro- and microscopic cellular morphologies. In addition, based on the porous character of some natural plants, there is a further possibility of compounding the resulting morph-genetic materials with molten metal or polymer to produce morph-genetic composites with interpenetrating networks. Thus, the morph-genetic materials will be endowed with new use values, such as good mechanical properties, and friction behaviors, etc
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/11/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.502.373.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Woodceramics Made from Wastepaper (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 4 (1997), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: woodceramics ; porous carbon ; electromagnetic shielding ; wastepaper
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Woodceramics are new porous carbon materials, which are made by impregnating woody materials with phenol resin and then thermoformed in a vacuum furnace and these have been shown to have electromagnetic shielding properties. In the recycling of wastepaper, ways of using the wastepaper other than for paper pulp are needed to be developed. In this study, we made Woodceramics from handbill advertisement paper and telephone directory paper, and measured their electromagnetic shielding properties in order to find new uses for wastepaper. The results showed that the Woodceramics made from wastepaper had an electric shielding effectiveness of 30 dB for 100 MHz and 40 to 43 dB for 300 MHz or higher, and had a magnetic shielding effectiveness of 30 dB for 100 MHz and 37 dB for about 400 MHz. An electric equivalent circuit of the pore model in the Woodceramics is introduced. In addition, it is proposed that the excellent electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the Woodceramics is caused by dielectric loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009625322670
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser Beam Machining of Porous Woodceramics (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 5 (1998), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: woodceramics ; porous carbon ; laser beam machining ; burning temperature ; carbon content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Laser beam machining was tested as a practical method for machining porous woodceramics (WCS). A black carbonized layer is generally formed on the processed surface when woody materials are processed with laser beam machining. This problem does not occur on the WCS because they are burned. The processed surface temperature during laser beam machining can be estimated from the relationship between the burning temperature and C and O2 component concentrations. Burning (scorching) on the processed surface decreases slightly as the feed speed of the workpiece increases. WCS are more easily processed with laser machining after being burned, using pulse oscillation to reduce the thermal influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009677931528
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New porous carbon materials, Woodceramics: Development and fundamental properties (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 2 (1995), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: woodceramics ; porous carbon ; glassy carbon ; electromagnetic shield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Woodceramics are new porous carbon materials obtained by carbonizing wood or woody material impregnated with thermosetting resin such as phenol resin in a vacuum furnace. During the carbonizing process, thermosetting resin changes into glassy carbon, which has superior corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, reinforces the material and suppresses the fissures and warps (caused by the porous structure specific to wood) that develop during thermoforming. The dimension, weight decrease rate, and electrical characteristics depend on the thermoforming temperature. The manufacturing method of Woodceramics is introduced in this paper and various industrial uses, such as electromagnetic shields, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00488110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Friction properties of new porous carbon materials: Woodceramics (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 2 (1995), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: woodceramics ; porous carbon ; friction ; friction coefficient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Woodceramics are new porous carbon materials obtained from wood or woody materials impregnated with phenol resin, and carbonized in a vacuum furnace at high temperature. Woodceramics have several superior characteristics from the viewpoints of engineering materials and ecological materials: they are hard and strong, have porous structure and low density, are made from natural resources, do not cause environmental pollution, and are cheap to manufacture. This paper describes the fundamental friction properties of Woodceramics in sliding contact with several materials. Woodceramics made of medium density fiberboard (MDF) and beech impregnated with phenol resin and carbonized in a vacuum furnace at 800°C and 2000°C were rubbed against alumina, silicon nitride, bearing steel and diamond by using a reciprocating friction apparatus. Experiments were carried out unlubricated in air, impregnated with base oil and in water, at several normal loads and sliding velocities. The following principal results were obtained: (1) The friction coefficient is around 0.15, under all three lubrication conditions; (2) The friction coefficient slightly decreases and then stays constant with increasing normal load; (3) The friction coefficient is not affected by sliding velocity; (4) Woodceramics have a good self-lubricity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00488114
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical resistivity of porous carbon materials, “Woodceramics” at low temperatures (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 2 (1995), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: Woodceramics ; porous carbon ; electrical resistivity ; energy gap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Woodceramics obtained by carbonizing woody materials are new carbon materials recently developed for industrial use. They are porous, light, hard and cheap to produce and have heat and corrosion resistance. They are being considered for applications in various fields. We investigated the dependence of the electrical resistivity of Woodceramics at temperatures between 100 K and 300 K, and considered the conduction mechanism of Woodceramics which are porous conductors. The electrical resistivity of Woodceramics decreases as sintering temperature increases. It varies over a wide range. And the resistivity dependence on the temperature of Woodceramics is similar to that of a semiconductor. We propose that the semiconducting behavior is caused by an energy gap decrease which depends on the sintering temperature, as a result of change in size of the graphite micro-crystallites in glassy carbon which is present in Woodceramics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489809
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Friction and Wear of Woodceramics under Oil and Water Lubricated Sliding Contacts (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 6 (1999), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: woodceramics ; porous carbon ; friction and wear ; sliding bearing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Friction and wear properties of woodceramics were evaluated under oil and water lubricated sliding contacts. The experiment was conducted with a block on a ring wear tester. The block material was woodceramics (MDF-800) and and the ring was a forging steel (SF55). The sliding velocity and the load were varied in the ranges 1.0–19.0 m/s and 98–294 N, respectively. The ring temperature was measured using a thermocouple located at 1.0 mm below the frictional surface of the ring. In the oil lubrication, the coefficient of friction was small and constant at ∼0.12, irrespective of the sliding velocity. The specific wear rate of the woodceramics was also small and was in the range 5 × 10−7−2 × 10−6 mm3/Nm. With the increase in the load, the coefficient of friction and the specific wear rate of woodceramics decreased. It was found that low friction and low wear could be maintained at least until a ring temperature of ∼160°C. In the water lubrication, the coefficient of friction was small and constant at 0.16 until the sliding velocity of ∼12 m/s. The specific wear rate was also small and was in the range 3 × 10−7−2 × 10−6 mm3/Nm. As the sliding velocity increased further and the ring temperature became high, friction and wear increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009675828763
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graphitization Behavior of Wood Ceramics and Bamboo Ceramics as Determined by X-Ray Diffraction (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 6 (1999), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: wood ceramics ; bamboo ceramics ; graphitization behavior ; high temperature treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Wood and bamboo ceramics are newly developed porous carbon materials from wood and bamboo impregnated with resin, and they possess some special properties and can be expected to be used as electromagnetic materials, absorbents, catalyst carrier materials, etc. In this work, the graphitization behavior of wood and bamboo ceramics was investigated by X-ray diffraction. Experimental results show that the d002 spacing of the bamboo carbon, wood and bamboo ceramics decreased and the apparent graphite crystallite size Lc(002) increased with the increase of graphitization temperature. However, even after heat treatment at 3273 K, the d002 and Lc(002) value was only about 0.341 and 9 nm, respectively. These results indicate that all of the bamboo carbon, wood and bamboo ceramics investigated are typical non-graphitizable carbon or hard carbon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009684014651
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humidity Sensor Characteristics of Woodceramics (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 4 (1997), S. 277-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: woodceramics ; porous carbon ; adsorption ; humidity sensor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The humidity sensor characteristics of Woodceramics were investigated. The Woodceramics used in this experiment were prepared at 650–900°C. The size of specimens selected was 1 × 1 × 10 mm . One was used as-cut and the other was polished. Above 700°C, the resistance of the specimen was below 50 Ω and the decrease of resistance with increasing relative humidity was small. The specimen prepared at 650°C had a resistance of about 1 kΩ. The resistance of as-cut specimens decreased with increase in relative humidity, but that of the polished specimen did not change significantly. The difference between as-cut and polished samples was explained by the differences in surface micro-structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009677306740
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical Properties of Woodceramics (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 6 (1999), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: woodceramics ; humidity sensor ; temperature sensor ; porous material
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Woodceramics have recently attracted much attention as ecomaterials at low cost. Electrical properties of the woodceramics (WCM hereafter) have been characterized in the range 10–70% relative humidity and for temperatures from −20 to 100°C. The WCM bulk has been prepared by burning MDF board impregnated with phenolic resin at 650 and 750°C. Electrical resistance decreased linearly with increasing temperature, indicating the negative temperature coefficient like semiconductor. Relative humidity dependence of the resistance also indicated excellent linear characteristics between 10 and 70% RH measured here. Activation energies of 0.21, 0.15, 0.05, and 0.01 eV have been revealed from van der Pauw method. The excellent linearity for humidity and temperature is prominent advantages of WCM which may be useful as a new humidity and also temperature sensor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009644316468
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