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Vegetation Fires and Pollution in Asia (2023)

Vadrevu, Krishna Prasad. [editor.] ; Ohara, Toshimasa. [editor.] ; Justice, Chris. [editor.]

Cham :Springer International Publishing :

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Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Natural disasters. ; Geographic information systems. ; Atmospheric science. ; Physical geography. ; Biogeography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Natural Hazards. ; Geographical Information System. ; Atmospheric Science. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Biogeosciences.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Vegetation Fires and Biomass Burning in South/Southeast Asia – An Overview -- Section I: Mapping , Monitoring and Modeling of Vegetation Fires -- 2. Wildfire monitoring using infrared bands and spatial resolution effects -- 3. Status and Drivers of Forest Fires in Myanmar -- 4. Vegetation Fires and Entropy Variations In Myanmar -- 5. Crop residue burning and forest fire emissions in Nepal -- 6. Firewood Burning Dynamics by the Sri Lankan Households: Trends, Patterns, and Implications -- 7. Burnt Area Signal Variations in Agriculture and Forested Landscapes of India - A Case Study Using Sentinel A/B Synthetic Aperture Radar -- 8. Application of Interferometry SAR for Monitoring of Peatland Areas– Case Studies in Indonesia -- 9. Active Fire Monitoring of Thailand and Upper ASEAN by Earth Observation Data: benefits, lessons learned and what still needs to be known -- 10. Detecting Vegetation Regrowth after Fires in Small Watershed Settings Using Remotely Sensed Data and Local Community Participation Approach -- 11. Long-Term Spatiotemporal Distribution of Fire over Maritime Continent and their Responses to Climate Anomalies -- 12. Vegetation Fires in Laos - An Overview -- 13. Vegetation Fires, Fire Radiative Power and Intermediate Fire Occurrence Intensity (IFOI) Hypothesis Testing in Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia -- 14. Analyzing fire behavior and calibrating a fire growth model in a seasonal dry tropical forest area -- Section II: Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Air Pollution -- 15. Spatiotemporally resolved pollutant emissions from biomass burning in Asia -- 16. Twenty-year variations of aerosol optical depth over Asia in relation to anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions -- 17. Light Absorption Properties of Biomass Burning Emissions in Bangladesh: Current State of Knowledge -- 18. Remote Sensing of greenhouse gases and aerosols from agricultural residue burning over Pakistan -- 19. A comparative study of energy, emissions and economic efficiency of various cookstoves in Nepal -- 20. Estimation of Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emissions from Biomass Burning Using Satellite Imaging and Burn Severity -- 21. Characteristics of Transboundary Haze and General Aerosol over Pulau Pinang, Malaysia -- 22. Measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions from fire-prone peatlands in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, using ground-based instruments -- 23. Air Pollution Caused by Deep Peatland Fire in Central Kalimantan -- 24. Chemical Speciation of PM0 Emissions from Peat Burning Emission in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia -- 25. GHG emissions estimation from Peatland fires in Indonesia – Review and Importance of Combustion Factor -- 26. Forest Fire Emissions in Equatorial Asia and Their Recent Delay Anomaly in the Dry Season -- Section III: Air Pollution Modeling and Decision Support Systems -- 27. Impact of vegetation fires on regional aerosol black carbon over South and East Asia -- 28. Detection and Modeling of South Asian Biomass Burning Aerosols from both Macro- and Micro-perspective -- 29. Remote sensing of agricultural biomass burning aerosols, gaseous compounds, long-distance transport and impact on air quality -- 30. Agricultural fires in Northeast China: Characteristics, Impacts, and Challenges -- 31. Air Pollution Modelling in Southeast Asia – An Overview -- 32. Trace gases and air quality in Northwestern Vietnam during recurrent biomass burning on the Indochina Peninsula since 0 – Field Observations and Atmospheric Simulations -- 33. Southeast Asian Transboundary Haze in the Southern Philippines, and Meteorological Drivers -- 34. An Operational Fire Danger Rating System for Thailand and Lower Mekong Region: Development, Utilization, and Experiences -- 35. Fires Hotspot Forecasting in Indonesia Using Long Short-Term Memory Algorithm and MODIS Datasets.

Abstract: Vegetation fires are prevalent in several regions of the world, including South/ Southeast Asia (S/SEA). Fire occurrence and spread are influenced by fuel type, topography, climate, weather, and lightning, among others. In S/SEA, human-initiated fires are responsible for most of the incidents in addition to natural factors. Through biomass burning, vegetation fires can emit large quantities of greenhouse gases and air pollutants such as CO2, CO, NOx, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons, and other chemical species, including aerosols that can affect air quality and health at both local and regional scales. Moreover, biomass burning pollutants can travel long distances and impact regional climate. Therefore, quantifying vegetation fires and their impacts is critical at different spatial scales. This book includes contributions from renowned researchers from the USA and South/ Southeast Asia on various fire-related topics. The contributions resulted from several international meetings and workshops organized in Asia as part of the South/ Southeast Asia Research Initiative (SARI) under the NASA Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Program. The book is divided into three sections, each containing multiple contributions: a) Mapping, Monitoring, and Modeling of Vegetation Fires, b) Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Air Pollution, and c) Air Pollution Modeling and Decision Support Systems. These sections are preceded by an introductory chapter by the editors that highlights the latest satellite-derived fire statistics and the current fire situation in S/SEA. This book will be a valuable resource for remote sensing scientists, geographers, ecologists, atmospheric, climate, environmental scientists, including policymakers, and all who wish to advance their knowledge on vegetation fires and emissions in South/Southeast Asia.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

Pages: XXIX, 602 p. 245 illus., 231 illus. in color. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2023.

ISBN: 9783031299162

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29916-2

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29916-2

DDC: 550

Language: English

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Land-atmospheric research applications in South and Southeast Asia (2018)

Vadrevu, Krishna Prasad [HerausgeberIn] ; Ohara, Toshimasa [HerausgeberIn] ; Justice, Chris [HerausgeberIn]

Cham : Springer

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Call number: 9783319674742 (e-book)

Description / Table of Contents: This edited volume sheds new light on the impact of rapid Land Use/Cover Changes (LU/CC) on greenhouse gases (GHG’s) and aerosol emissions in South and Southeast Asia. Several countries in South/Southeast Asia have the highest population growth rates in the world, which is the main cause for LU/CC. Conversion of dense forests to agricultural areas and then to residential and urban areas is most commonly observed in South/Southeast Asian countries with a significant release of GHG’s and aerosols. The book showcases several case studies on the use of remote sensing and geospatial technologies to quantify biomass burning and air pollution impacts, aerosol pollution, LU/CC, and impacts on ecosystem services. The book also includes articles on regional initiatives in research, capacity building, and training. The authors of this book are international experts in the field, and their contributions highlight significant drivers and impacts of air pollution in South/Southeast Asia. Readers will discover the latest tools and techniques, in particular, the use of satellite remote sensing and geospatial technologies for quantifying GHG’s, aerosols and pollution episodes in this region

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxv, 725 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Edition: corrected publication 2018

ISBN: 9783319674742 , 978-3-319-67474-2

ISSN: 2198-0721 , 2198-073X

Series Statement: Springer Remote Sensing / Photogrammetry

URL: Ebook (access only within the AWI network)

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67474-2

Language: English

Note: Contents Part I Regional Initiatives 1 South/Southeast Asia Research Initiative (SARI): A Response to Regional Needs in Land Cover/Land Use Change Science and Education / Krishna Prasad Vadrevu 2 SERVIR: Connecting Earth Observation Satellite Data to Local Science Applications / Africa Flores, Dauna S. Coulter, Ashutosh S. Limaye, and Daniel Irwin Part II Biomass Burning, Air Pollution and Impacts 3 Emission of Toxic Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases from Crop Residue Open Burning in Southeast Asia / Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh, Didin Agustian Permadi, Nguyen Phan Dong, and Dang Anh Nguyet 4 Impacts of Biomass Burning Emissions on Tropospheric NO2 Vertical Column Density over Continental Southeast Asia / Syuichi Itahashi, Itsushi Uno, Hitoshi Irie, Jun-Ichi Kurokawa, and Toshimasa Ohara 5 Observations of Asian Dust and Agricultural Fire Smoke Episodes: Transport and Impacts on Regional Air Quality in Southeast China / Yonghua Wu, Yong Han, and Tijian Wang 6 Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Land and Forest Fires in Indonesia Using MODIS Active Fire Dataset / Israr Albar, I. Nengah Surati Jaya, Bambang Hero Saharjo, Budi Kuncahyo, and Krishna Prasad Vadrevu 7 Severe Air Pollution Due to Peat Fires During 2015 Super El Niño in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia / Hiroshi Hayasaka and Alpon Sepriando 8 Forest and Land Fires in Riau Province: A Case Study in Fire Prevention Policy Implementation with Local Concession Holders / Bambang Hero Saharjo and Alex Yungan 9 Biomass Burning Emissions Variation from Satellite-Derived Land Cover, Burned Area, and Emission Factors in Vietnam / Kristofer Lasko and Krishna Prasad Vadrevu 10 Enhancement of Fire Early Warning System in Vietnam Using Spatial Data and Assimilation / Ba Tung Nguyen, Khac Phong Do, Nguyen Le Tran, Quang Hung Bui, Thi Nhat Thanh Nguyen, Van Quynh Vuong, and Thanh Ha Le 11 Greenhouse Gas Budget of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia: A Process-Based Model Study for the Period 1901–2014 / Akihiko Ito and Motoko Inatomi 12 Simulations of Emissions, Air Quality, and Climate Contribution in Southeast Asia for March and December / Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Mary C. Barth, Gabriele Pfister, and Cindy Bruyere 13 Study of Lower Tropospheric Ozone over Central and Eastern China: Comparison of Satellite Observation with Model Simulation / Sachiko Hayashida, Satoko Kayaba, Makoto Deushi, Kazuyo Yamaji, Akiko Ono, Mizuo Kajino, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Takashi Maki, and Xiong Liu 14 Multi-scale Simulations of Atmospheric Pollutants Using a Non-hydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model / Daisuke Goto, Teruyuki Nakajima, Dai Tie, Hisashi Yashiro, Yousuke Sato, Kentaroh Suzuki, Junya Uchida, Shota Misawa, Ryoma Yonemoto, Tran Thi Ngoc Trieu, Hirofumi Tomita, and Masaki Satoh 15 Project MANTRA: Multi-platform ANalysis of TRace Gases and Aerosols with a Focus on Atmospheric CO2 Measurements for Southeast Asia / Ronald C. Macatangay 16 Dry Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen Species in Tropics / Reema Tiwari and Umesh Kulshrestha Part III Aerosol Pollution 17 Aerosols and Climate Change: Present Understanding, Challenges, and Future Outlook / S. Ramachandran 18 Organic Aerosols in South and East Asia: Composition and Sources / Chandra Mouli Pavuluri and Kimitaka Kawamura 19 Shortwave Radiation, Climate Change, and Anthropogenic Aerosols in China / Tadahiro Hayasaka 20 Conceptualizing How Severe Haze Events Are Impacting Long-Term Satellite-Based Trend Studies of Aerosol Optical Thickness over Asia / Zhao Yang Zhang, Man Sing Wong, and James R. Campbell 21 Aerosol Properties over Kuching, Sarawak from Satellite and Ground- Based Measurements / Arnis Asmat, Khairunnisa Abdul Jalal, and Siti Noratiqah Mohd Deros 22 Investigating the Aerosol Type and Spatial Distribution During Winter Fog Conditions over Indo-Gangetic Plains / Muhammad Fahim Khokhar and Naila Yasmin 23 Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth over Vietnam - An Analysis from VIIRS and CALIOP Aerosol Products / Vinh T. Tran, Ha V. Pham, Thanh T. N. Nguyen, Thanh X. Pham, Quang Hung Bui, Anh X. Nguyen, and Thuy T. Nguyen 24 Satellite Remote Sensing of Aerosols and Gaseous Pollution over Pakistan / Salman Tariq and Zia Ul-Haq Part IV Land Use/Cover Change and Impacts 25 The Impact of Land Cover and Land Use Change on the Indian Monsoon Region Hydroclimate / Dev Niyogi, Subashini Subramanian, U. C. Mohanty, C. M. Kishtawal, Subimal Ghosh, U. S. Nair, M. Ek, and M. Rajeevan 26 Decadal Land-Cover Changes in China and Their Impacts on the Atmospheric Environment / Mengmeng Li and Yu Song 27 Analyzing the Influence of Urban Growth on Thermal Environment Through Demographic, Environmental, and Physical Parameters in Bangladesh / Yogesh Kant, Saiful Azim, and Debashis Mitra 28 Ecosystem Carbon Stock, Atmosphere, and Food Security in Slash-and-Burn Land Use: A Geospatial Study in Mountainous Region of Laos / Yoshio Inoue 29 Spatial Modeling of Land Cover/Land Use Change and Its Effects on Hydrology Within the Lower Mekong Basin / Kel N. Markert, Robert E. Griffin, Ashutosh S. Limaye, and Richard T. McNider 30 Land–Atmosphere Interactions in South Asia: A Regional Earth Systems Perspective / Venkataramana Sridhar and Prasanth Valayamkunnath Erratum Index

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Development of region-specific emission factors and estimation of methane emission from rice fields in the East, Southeast and South Asian countries (2003)

Yan, Xiaoyuan ; Ohara, Toshimasa ; Akimoto, Hajime

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd

Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: Rice cultivation areas in East, Southeast and South Asia account for 89% of the world total, and field measurements of methane (CH4) emission from rice cultivation have been widely performed in this area. In this paper, we assembled most of the measurements and developed region-specific CH4 emission factors. Efforts were made in order to regionalize rice fields by climate and soil properties, and to incorporate the effect of organic input and water regime on emission. Data on rice cultivation areas of 1995 were collected at subdivision level (province, state, prefecture, etc.). Total emission from these areas was estimated at 25.1 Tg CH4 year−1, of which 7.67 Tg was emitted from China and 5.88 Tg from India. Irrigated and rainfed rice fields contributed 70.4 and 27.5% to the total emission, respectively. Deepwater rice fields had a very small share. A high-resolution and quality emission distribution map was constructed as the emission was directly estimated at province level and below that, a 30-second land-use dataset was used in order to translate the emission to grid format. As the rice cultivation area in the study region accounts for 89% of the world total, extrapolating the estimate to the global scale indicates a global emission of 28.2 Tg CH4 year−1.The estimate was compared with country reports made by local scientists. For some countries – such as Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan and the Philippines – the results of this estimate agree reasonably well with their country reports (CV 〈 15%). For some other countries – such as China, India and Bangladesh – there is relatively large disagreement between our estimate and their country reports. The reasons for the discrepancies were discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00564.x

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Estimation of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide and ammonia emissions from croplands in East, Southeast and South Asia (2003)

YAN, XIAOYUAN ; AKIMOTO, HAJIME ; OHARA, TOSHIMASA

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: Agricultural activities have greatly altered the global nitrogen (N) cycle and produced nitrogenous gases of environmental significance. More than half of all chemical N fertilizer produced globally is used in crop production in East, Southeast and South Asia, where rice is central to nutrition. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO) and ammonia (NH3) from croplands in this region were estimated by considering background emission and emissions resulting from N added to croplands, including chemical N, animal manure, biologically fixed N and N in crop residues returned to fields. Background emission fluxes of N2O and NO from croplands were estimated to be 1.22 and 0.57 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Separate fertilizer-induced emission factors were estimated for upland fields and rice fields. Total N2O emission from croplands in the study region was estimated to be 1.19 Tg N yr−1, with 43% contributed by background emissions. The average fertilizer-induced N2O emission, however, accounts for only 0.93% of the applied N, which is less than the default IPCC value of 1.25%, because of the low emission factor from paddy fields. Total NO emission was 591 Gg N yr−1 in the study region, with 40% from background emissions. The average fertilizer-induced NO emission factor was 0.48%. Total NH3 emission was estimated to be 11.8 Tg N yr−1. The use of urea and ammonium bicarbonate and the cultivation of rice led to a high average NH3 loss rate from chemical N fertilizer in the study region. Emissions were displayed at a 0.5° × 0.5° resolution with the use of a global landuse database.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00649.x

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The turbulent structure of the internal boundary layer near the shore (1985)

Ohara, Toshimasa ; Ogawa, Yasushi

Springer

Boundary layer meteorology 32 (1985), S. 39-56

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ISSN: 1573-1472

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Notes: Abstract The mean structure within the internal boundary layer (IBL) near the shore, which develop from the coast in the presence of a sea breeze, has been described in Part I of this study (Ogawa and Ohara, 1984). This paper presents the results of the similarity and energy budget analysis for the purpose of parameterization of the turbulent structure within the IBL. The analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy balance, turbulent intensities and spectra show that the wind is strongly affected by mechanical turbulence in comparison with the past results in a fully developed convective layer where thermal convection dominated. The standard deviations of the wind velocities normalized by the friction velocity u * (surface-layer scaling parameter) are functions only of the normalized height z/Z i within 160 m of the shoreline, where Z i is the IBL. On the other hand, the standard deviations of temperature normalized by θ* (mixing-layer scaling parameter) have less scatter with distance than those normalized by T * (surface-layer scaling parameter). The data showed that both u * (not a mixed-layer parameter), and Z i (not a surface-layer parameter) are necessary to describe the turbulent characteristics of the IBL near the shore.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120713

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