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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of Proliferative Events in the Adult Amphibian Cardiac Myocyte (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 752 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17404.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of the atrium to direct mechanical wounding in the adult heart of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 583-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart ; Wound healing ; Cell division ; Notophthalmus viridescens (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wound repair and proliferation were examined in the injured newt atrium with light- and electron-microscopic techniques including autoradiography. Hearts were injured by removing a piece approximately 0.5 mm2 of the atrial wall. The five-day wound was an endothelial and mesothelial-lined blood clot bordered by a 150-μm necrotic zone. Repair progressed from the periphery inward with areas of macrophage activity replaced by fibroblasts and connective tissue. The wound at 25 days consisted of a scar with few myocytes. There was no difference in the proliferative behavior between the right and left atria. Proliferative cells were localized to a 500-μm reactive zone surrounding the wound. The maximum mesothelial cell thymidine-labeling index of 20.5% and mitotic index of 1.4% were seen 5 days after injury. The peak connective tissue cell thymidine-labeling index of 10.2% and mitotic index of 0.4% were seen 10 days after wounding. The peak thymidine-labeling index of 9.8% for myocardial cells was recorded 10 days after injury with a mitotic index of 0.2%. Proliferation returned to control levels by 25 days post-injury. Electron microscopy demonstrated that myocytes engaged in DNA synthesis were indistinguishable from control myocytes. Z-band material was not observed in mitotic myocytes, but myofilaments and junctions were present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226956
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear characteristics of cardiac myocytes following the proliferative response to mincing of the myocardium in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 619-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cardiac myocytes ; Proliferation ; Ploidy ; DNA synthesis ; DNA content ; Notophthalmus viridescens (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amphibian cardiac myocytes are predominantly mononucleated and have been demonstrated to respond to injury with DNA synthesis and mitosis. The nature of this response with regard to nuclear number and ploidy is unclear. In this study, the apex of the newt ventricle was minced and replaced, increasing the reactive area of the wound. At 45 days after mincing following multiple injections of tritiated thymidine (2.5-μCi/animal, 20 Ci/mM) 15 to 20 days after mincing, three ventricular zones were isolated and fixed: Zone 1, the minced area; Zone 2, extending approximately 500 μm proximally from the amputation plane; and Zone 3, the portion proximal to Zone 2. Myocytes separated in 50% KOH were examined for DNA synthesis by autoradiography and for nuclear number and DNA content using a scanning microdensitometer on Feulgen-Naphthol yellow S-stained cells. No labeled myocyte nuclei were found in control hearts and 98.3% of the myocytes were 2C. At 45 days, 46.78% of myocyte nuclei within Zone 1 were labeled, while 13% were non-diploid. In Zone 2, 9.25% were labeled with 4.8% non-diploid. In Zone 3, 1.1% were labeled, with 2.8% non-diploid. The newt ventricle's response to injury apparently may involve complete mitosis and cytokinesis, resulting in mononucleated diploid cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219752
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repair and reorganization of minced cardiac muscle in the adult newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) (1978)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 155 (1978), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies of the response of adult mammalian and amphibian ventricle to injury have indicated the formation of a connective tissue scar in the place of the wounded or amputated muscle. It has been demonstrated that amphibian myocytes adjacent to a wound surface, unlike mammalian myocytes, have a proliferative capacity. In the present study, a minced cardiac muscle graft was placed into the adult newt ventricle in order to increase the number of myocytes near a wound surface. With such an increased number of reactive myocytes, it was thought a new wall consisting primarily of muscle might be formed. One-sixteenth to one-eighth of the ventricular apex was removed, minced and returned to the amputation surface of the ventricle. General histological and autoradiographic studies were conducted on two sham-operated animals and on five experimental animals which were killed at 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 70 days after surgery. Major events of the repair and reorganization of minced cardiac muscle included blood clot formation followed by necrosis of the blood clot and much of the muscle graft. By ten days, an apparent coalescence of muscle fragments and continuity of ventricular and graft lumina were observed, although the graft area never formed an integrated unit with the wounded ventricular wall. The peak of mitotic activity (3.19%) and thymidine labeling (28.1%) of graft cells, including many cells which resembled cardiac myocytes, was observed at 20 days. At 30 days, the graft was observed as a continuous wall composed primarily of muscle fibers. Several 30-, 50- and 70-day grafts had rhythmic contractions. These results suggest that amphibian cardiac muscle has histogenetic and proliferative capacities not attributable to mammalian cardiac muscle.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051550307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the atrium in the adult newt Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia, Salamandridae) (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 175 (1983), S. 235-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The atrial wall of Notophthalmus viridescens is 25-75 μm thick and is trabeculated sparsely. Coronary vessels are absent. The endocardial endothelium is continuous and has 50-60 nm-wide fenestrae with diaphragms, rests on a discontinuous basal lamina and lacks occluding junctions. Cells found in the subendothelial connective tissue are xanthophores, melanophores, mast cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and unmyelinated nerve fibers with Schwann cell investments. Epicardial mesothelial cells contain numerous 6-7 nm filaments and lamellar bodies which resemble myelin figures. Mesothelial cell junctions include maculae adhaerentes diminutae, desmosomes, and interdigitations. The epicardial connective tissue layer is more extensive than that of the endocardium, with xanthophores and melanophores rarely present and nerve fibers never observed. The myocardium consists of a mesh-work of myocytes 3-5 cell layers thick with little intervening connective tissue. Myocytes are 6-10 μm in diameter and have two or three peripheral myofibrillae. Typical A, I, H, Z, and M bands are present with a sarcomere length of 2.5 μm. T tubules are not observed. The sarcoplasmic reticulum has subsarcolemmal dilations. The nuclear pole region contains abundant mitochondria and atrial granules, extensive Golgi, and elements of smooth and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Lateral intercellular junctions consisting of dense plaques, frequently continuous with Z-line material, are common. Oblique and transversely oriented junctions consisting of primarily of fascia adhaerentes, are present. It appears that amphibian atrial myocytes more closely resemble those of the amphibian ventricle than those of the mammalian atrium. Structural differences between amphibian atrial and ventricular myocytes seem to be quantitative rather than qualitative in nature.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051750303
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