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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :
    Keywords: Water. ; Hydrology. ; Sustainability. ; Environment. ; Food security. ; Earth sciences. ; Geography. ; Water. ; Sustainability. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Food Security. ; Earth and Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction to Water Resources of Sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 2: Water Challenges in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 3: Water Challenges in Urban Sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 4. Management of Water Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 5. Progress towards attaining SDG target on universal access to clean water in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 6: Recommendations to Improve Management of Water Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa grapples with many public health issues such as food insecurity, increased prevalence of infectious diseases, limited access to clean water supply, poor nutrition and lack of improved health services for its populace (IMF, 2021). Of all these challenges, the inaccessibility of clean water supply for both the rural and urban populace is the most pressing challenge, which has been exacerbated by extensive pollution and climate change crises. The issue of water access and supply affects both rural and urban populations. At rural areas water is accessed in yard taps and in arid regions through water kiosks managed by private owners. Among the urban poor, water access is compromised by poor supply infrastructure especially among informal settlers and risks such as contamination during the supply chain are imminent This book therefore seeks to close this knowledge gap by 1) generating a water resources inventory for Sub-Saharan Africa region, 2) exploring the water crises in both its urban and rural settings, 3) understanding the causatives of the crises and 4) suggesting viable solutions to manage the water challenges using named case studies. The aim is to improve understanding on the region’s water problems and advise scholars and policymakers on priority research areas and action plans to better water management for sustainable development. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 112 p. 18 illus., 16 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031262715
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology,
    DDC: 551.48
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
    Description: Groundwater is the most reliable resource for consumptive uses worldwide, but it is vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution in this post-industrialization era. Pollution of the resource may result from anthropogenic activities; hence, analysing the effects of leachate on groundwater is imperative. This study assessed the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters of groundwater in Roundhill landfill vicinity of South Africa and conducted their hydrogeochemical analysis. Water samples were collected from 3 boreholes in the landfill surroundings and analysed for selected physicochemical characteristics. Spatial distribution of these parameters showed dominant pollution by Mn2+, Fe2+, and [Formula: see text], which surpassed prescribed allowable limits of the country in most of the study area. Possibilities of simple dissolution and ion mixing were deduced from the Durov diagram. Magnesium carbonate, sodium chloride, and mixed faces of groundwater were dominant in boreholes 1 to 3, respectively. The dominance of Ca2+, Cl−, Mg2+, and [Formula: see text] ions in some boreholes suggested anthropogenic pollution. Landfill leachate was associated with groundwater pollution in the study area.
    Electronic ISSN: 1178-6221
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Sage Publications
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
    Description: Precise estimation of metals in samples remains a challenge as a result of analytical biases and errors, which occur at sample collection, preparation, and measurement stages. A poor understanding of the nature and occurrence of these errors further aggravates this challenge. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) and optical emission spectrometry (OES) techniques in quantifying metals from contaminated soils of Roundhill landfill vicinity. Using statistical tools, the study evaluated biases of the 2 methods. High coefficients of variation were realized for V, Cr, and Pb concentrations varied at various sampling sites. Concentrations of elements obtained using the 2 methods had no significant differences using t-test analysis. Definitive agreement for the 2 methods was observed for V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Pb concentrations, whereas the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe showed some deviations in their regression lines. Spectral, systematic, memory, and carry over errors could be attributable to these deviations. The errors promote chelation and adsorption of ions in samples to form insoluble compounds that cannot be quantified. Overall, ICP-MS had greater sensitivity than ICP-OES in trace elements analysis compared with major elements.
    Electronic ISSN: 1178-6221
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Sage Publications
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