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  • 1
    Keywords: Bioclimatology. ; Agriculture. ; Agricultural ecology. ; Climate Change Ecology. ; Agriculture. ; Agroecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Decades of cultivar development: a reconciliation of maize and bean breeding projects and their impacts on food, nutrition security, and income of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 2. From soil to fork: can sustainable intensification guarantee food security for smallholder farmers? -- Chapter 3. Sub-Sarahan Africa Smallholder Farmers Agricultural Productivity: Risks and Challenges -- Chapter 4. Integrated use of livestock manure and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable agricultural intensification on marginal soils in sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 5. In-field soil conservation practices and crop productivity in marginalized farming areas of Zimbabwe -- Chapter 6. Can organic soil fertility management sustain farming and increase food security among African smallholder farmers?- Chapter 7. Precision agriculture under arid environments: Prospects for African smallholder farmers -- Chapter 8. Challenges and opportunities for soil fertility and food security improvement in smallholder maize-tobacco production systems: A case study from Svosve area, Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe -- Chapter 9. On-farm research challenges for agronomic field trials in smallholder systems: A practical experience from Zanyokwe Irrigation Scheme, South Africa -- Chapter 10. Agricultural water resource governance for sustainable food production: Lessons from developing economies -- Chapter 11. Aquaculture and fisheries production in africa: highlighting potentials and benefits for food security -- Chapter 12. Medicinal plants: A perspective on their application in the African smallholder aquaculture farms -- Chapter 13. Application of Integrated Water Resources Management towards livelihood improvement: a case of smallholder farmers in Olushandja, Namibia -- Chapter 14. Climate Change Impacts on Food and Nutrition Security on Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa -- Chapter 15. Climate-smart agriculture: perspectives for subsistence crop farming in Namibia -- Chapter 16. Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies and Food security: Experiences from Zimbabwe -- Chapter 17. Building resilience to climate change by adopting conservation agriculture in the smallholder farming systems -- Chapter 18. Contribution of underutilised indigenous crops to enhanced food and nutrition security in the advent of climate change -- Chapter 19. Liquid gold: Harnessing the potential of digestate to enhance smallholder farmer food security and livelihood -- Chapter 20. Importance of Mushrooms for Food Security in Africa -- Chapter 21. Mushroom cultivation in Arid Namibia: Cultivation status, contribution to human health and future prospect -- Chapter 22. Can Women Own Land’? Land Inheritances Convolutions: Evidence from the Zimbabwean Resettlement Areas -- Chapter 23. The governance of aquaculture in Namibia as a vehicle for food security and economic growth -- Chapter 24. A decade of agronomic research impact on commercializing traditional homestead production of amadumbe in Umbumbulu kwaZulu Natal.
    Abstract: This book provides a synthesis of current agricultural research in Africa with the aim of presenting evidence based information that can be directly applied into improving the African smallholder farmers’ food security. It presents positive scientific research that has been undertaken in Africa, in simpler terms, thus driving the research for development agenda contributing to the attainment of SDG 2. Numerous research that targets resource poor African smallholder farmers has been published, yet the region faces very low productivity levels. This lack of translation from research to food security and increased agricultural incomes is due to the poor uptake of scientific research by farmers, which is partly due to poor presentation of this body of knowledge into simpler forms that extension workers and farmers can directly adopt. Therefore, this book offers research information in an easy, digestible and application oriented style, so as to enable transformation of the African agricultural sector by effectively driving agricultural productivity in Africa. This book is of interest to African extension workers, who will translate the simplified knowledge into lessons that can be useful to smallholder farmers. The book is also beneficial for policy makers as well as academics, researchers and other science based professionals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 442 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811667718
    Series Statement: Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security,
    DDC: 577.22
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-05-14
    Description: Conservation agriculture (CA) as a system is still evolving on many of the smallholder farms in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and questions on the impact of individual components and pathways toward adoption still require answers. A short-term study was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage, crop rotation, and crop residue management, including maize residue biochar on above ground biomass, cumulative carbon (C) input, soil organic carbon (SOC), and maize grain yield. A split–split plot design was used to evaluate two tillage operations (conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT)), three crop rotations (maize–fallow–maize (MFM), maize–oat–maize (MOM), and maize–vetch–maize (MVM)), and three-crop residue management (retention (R+), removal (R−), and biochar (B)). The cumulative above ground biomass produced in the MOM rotation was significantly higher by 78.9% and 88.7% relative to MVM and MFM rotations, respectively. The cumulative C input under residue management treatments ranged from 10.65 to 12.16 Mg ha−1. The highest SOC was observed under R+ (1.10%) followed by B (1.0%) and the lowest was in R− (0.96%). Crop residue management significantly affected grain yields in 2015/2016 (p 〈 0.05) and 2016/2017 (p 〈 0.01) summer seasons. Biochar did not result in an obvious improvement in both C input and crop yield. Smallholder farmers can potentially switch from CT to NT without any significant yield penalty, as well as adopt MOM and R+ practices for increased biomass and C input.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4395
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-08-25
    Description: Understanding the impacts of agricultural practices on carbon stocks and CO2 emission is imperative in order to recommend low emission strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tillage, crop rotation, and residue management on soil CO2 fluxes, carbon stock, soil temperature, and moisture in the semi-arid conditions in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The field trial was laid out as a split-split-plot design replicated three times. The main plots were tillage viz conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT). The sub-plots were allocated to crop rotations viz maize–fallow–maize (MFM), maize–oat–maize (MOM), and maize–vetch–maize (MVM). Crop residue management was in the sub-sub plots, viz retention (R+), removal (R−), and biochar (B). There were no significant interactions (p 〉 0.05) with respect to the cumulative CO2 fluxes, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Crop residue retention significantly increased the soil moisture content relative to residue removal, but was not different to biochar application. Soil tilling increased the CO2 fluxes by approximately 26.3% relative to the NT. The carbon dioxide fluxes were significantly lower in R− (2.04 µmoL m−2 s−1) relative to the R+ (2.32 µmoL m−2 s−1) and B treatments (2.36 µmoL m−2 s−1). The carbon dioxide fluxes were higher in the summer (October–February) months compared to the winter period (May–July), irrespective of treatment factors. No tillage had a significantly higher carbon stock at the 0-5 cm depth relative to CT. Amending the soils with biochar resulted in significantly lower total carbon stock relative to both R+ and R−. The results of the study show that NT can potentially reduce CO2 fluxes. In the short term, amending soils with biochar did not reduce the CO2 fluxes compared to R+, however the soil moisture increases were comparable.
    Electronic ISSN: 2077-0472
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-11-10
    Description: Soil acidification is a serious challenge and a major cause of declining soil and crop productivity in the Eastern parts of South Africa (SA). An incubation experiment investigated effects of different maize residue biochar rates on selected soil properties and soil loss in acidic Hutton soils. Biochar amendment rates were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (soil weight) laid as a completely randomized design. Soil sampling was done on a 20-day interval for 140 days to give a 5 × 7 factorial experiment. Rainfall simulation was conducted at 60, 100 and 140 days after incubation to quantify soil loss. Relative to the control biochar amendments significantly improved soil physicochemical properties. After 140 days, biochar increased soil pH by between 0.34 to 1.51 points, soil organic carbon (SOC) by 2.2% to 2.34%, and microbial activity (MBC) by 496 to 1615 mg kg−1 compared to control. Soil aggregation (MWD) changes varied from 0.58 mm to 0.70 mm for the duration of the trial. Soil loss significantly decreased by 27% to 70% under biochar amendment compared to control. This indicates that maize residue biochar application has the potential to improve the soil properties and reduce soil loss in the degraded acidic Hutton soil.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4395
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
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  • 5
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