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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diskrepanzen von Feulgen-Wert und DNS-Gehalt (1969)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 20 (1969), S. 322-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand eigener Untersuchungsergebnisse und entsprechender Befunde aus der Literatur wird auf die Fehlermöglichkeiten bei der quantitativen Interpretation von zytophotometrischen Feulgen-Werten hingewiesen. Durch chemische und biophysikalische Veränderungen des Chromatins im Verlauf von Zellreifungen und Zellfunktionsänderungen können trotz gleichbleibenden DNS-Gehalts verschiedene Feulgen-Werte gefunden werden.
    Notes: Summary Many results of Feulgen cytophotometry published by numerous authors and some new data of our own demonstrate the possibility of pitfalls when interpreting Feulgen values in relation to DNA content of cell nuclei. As a consequence of chemical and biophysical alterations of chromatin in the course of cellular development and during different functional states there are different Feulgen values to be found in cell nuclei containing the same amount of DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263749
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stöchiometrische probleme der quantitativen fastgreen-zytophotometrie bei der histonbestimmung (1971)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 27 (1971), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. An Knochenmarksausstrichen eines gesunden Menschen wurde die Fastgreen-Färbbarkeit der Kerne der verschiedenen Granulozytopoesezellen zytophotometrisch untersucht. 2. In den sehr unreifen Myeloblasten und Promyelozyten ist eine Fastgreen-Färbbarkeit der meisten Kerne nicht oder in nicht meßbarer Stärke vorhanden. Am stärksten ist die Fastgreen-Färbbarkeit der Kerne reifer Granulozyten. 3. Die bei verschiedenen Zellarten verschieden starke Anfärbung der Kerne mit Fastgreen bei pH 8,1, die für Histonproteine spezifisch sein soll, wird nicht als Ausdruck einer Histonmengenänderung, sondern als funktionsabhängige Änderung der Fastgreenkapazität der Histonproteine interpretiert.
    Notes: Summary 1. Nuclei of the different types of granulocytopoietic cells from normal human bone marrow smears were stained with Fastgreen FCF and their dye content was measured cytophotometrically. 2. The very immature cell types (myeloblasts and promyelocytes) showed a high percentage of unstained nuclei or nuclei with a dye content too faint to be measured. More mature stages showed increasing Fastgreen values which were highest in mature polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 3. The changing Fastgreen dye content of nuclei from different cell types—stained specifically for nuclear histone proteins—must be interpreted as varying stainability of histone proteins depending upon the functional state of chromatin. It does not indicate an altering histone content of the nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264396
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Bindung von Kristallviolett an Desoxyribonukleinsäure (1966)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 7 (1966), S. 273-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Zur Bestimmung der Kristallviolettbindung an den nicht mit Histonen verbundenen DNS-Anteil wurden zahlreiche ausgewählte Kerne verschiedener normaler und Tumorzellen mit Kristallviolettlösungen steigender Konzentrationen gefärbt. Die mit einem integrierenden Mikrodensitometer gemessene Farbbindung wurde mit dem Gesamt-DNS-Gehalt verglichen. 2. Die Darstellung der DNS in normalen und Tumorzellkernen mit dem basischen Farbstoff Kristallviolett bei pH 3,2 nach RNS-Extraktion beruht auf einer salzartigen Bindung. Die Kristallviolettfärbung der Zellkerne ist deren DNS-Gehalt direkt proportional. 3. Ausnahmen machten Spermienkerne und pyknotische Zellkerne, bei denen die Farbstoffaufnahme geringer ist, als es dem DNS-Gehalt dieser Kerne entspricht. 4. Die Anlagerung des Kristallviolett an die DNS vollzieht sich nach Art eines Ionenaustausches. Sie dürfte bei den Spermienkernen durch das stark basische Protamin und besondere räumlich-strukturelle Verhältnisse, bei pyknotischen Kernen durch veränderte sterische Bedingungen und kompetitiv wirkende kleinere Histonbruchstücke beeinträchtigt sein. 5. Die Möglichkeiten der DNS-Darstellung mit Kristallviolett stimmen mit denen des basischen Farbstoffs Gallocyaninchromalaun überein, obwohl Struktur und Eigenart der beiden Farbstoffe und ihrer Bindung an die Phosphatgruppen verschieden sind. 6. Die Frage nach den intravitalen DNS-Histon-Bindungsverhältnissen erscheint nach den mitgeteilten Ergebnissen mit morphologischen zytophotometrischen Methoden der vorliegenden Art nicht lösbar.
    Notes: Summary 1. For the determination of crystal violet binding by DNA not complexed with histones numerous selected nuclei of different kinds of normal and tumor cells were stained with crystal violet solutions of increasing dye concentration. The dye binding was measured with an integrating microdensitometer and compared with the total DNA content. 2. Staining of DNA in nuclei of normal and tumor cells with the basic dye crystal violet at pH 3.2 after extraction of RNA is based upon a salt-like reaction. There exists a linear correlation between dye binding and DNA content. 3. Nuclei of sperm cells and pycnotic nuclei showed as an exception lower dye binding in relation to the DNA content. 4. Binding of crystal violet to DNA can be envisaged as a mechanism of ion exchange. So the dye binding is thought to be diminished in nuclei of sperm cells by the strong basic protamine and the spatial structural conditions, in pycnotic nuclei by altered steric conditions and fragments of histone molecules which act competitively. 5. DNA staining with crystal violet corresponds to the results with the basic dye gallocyaninchromalum, although structure and characteristics of these two dyes and their binding to the phosphate groups of DNA are different. 6. To determine the intravital proportion of DNA free of histone to DNA complexed with histone seems to be impossible with dye binding studies and morphologic cytophotometric methods applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00577848
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrepancies between cytophotometric alkaline Fast Green measurements and nuclear histone protein content (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 5 (1973), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Synopsis Nuclei of different cell types of the myelopoietic series from normal human bone marrow smears were stained with Fast Green FCF, and their dye uptake estimated by cytophotometry. In very immature cell types (myeloblasts and promyelocytes), a high percentage of nuclei either did not stain, or had a dye content too low to be measured. Fast Green absorbencies were increased in the more mature stages. The highest values occurred in mature polymophonuclear leukocytes. The varying Fast Green absorbancies in the nuclei of different cell types suggest that the staining capacity of histone proteins depends on the functional state of the chromatin and does not indicate variations in the histone content of the nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01004799
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zytophotometrische Bestimmung des DNS-Gehaltes von Zellen des lymphatischen Gewebes (1966)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 75 (1966), S. 527-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Tupfpräparaten von menschlichen Tonsillen wurden die verschiedenen Zellformen bei Pappenheim-Färbung identifiziert und photographisch festgehalten. Im anschließend angefertigten Feulgen-Präparat konnten die jeweils identifizierten Zellen wiedergefunden und in ihrem DNS-Gehalt zytophotometrisch bestimmt werden. Wir fanden, daß alle Lymphocyten, Plasmazellen und „Germinocyten“ sowie die wenigen gemessenen Gewebsmastzellen diploid waren, während die basophilen größeren Zellen (Germmoblasten, Plasmoblasten, basophile Stammzellen) eine rege DNS-Synthese zeigten und daher als diploide, hyperdiploide und tetraploide Formen vorkamen. Sicher hypertetraploide Zellen wurden nicht gefunden. Die phagocytierenden und nicht-phagocytierenden Retikulumzellen waren meist diploid, wiesen jedoch gelegentlich auch eine DNS-Synthese auf. Die früher mitgeteilte karyometrische Klassifizierung der lymphatischen Zellen kann mit deren DNS-Gehalt nicht sinnfällig korreliert werden. Für die gesetzmäßige Differenz der Kernvolumina müssen somit andere chemische Bestandteile des Zellkernes verantwortlich sein.
    Notes: Summary The various cell types of human tonsils have been identified and photographically documented on imprints with the Pappenheim stain. The slides were then restained with the Feulgen-method. By this way we were able to reidentify these cells and to determine their DNA-content with a cytophotometric method. Lymphocytes, plasma cells and „germinocytes“ as well as the few measured tissular mast cells are diploid. The larger basophilic cells (germinoblasts, plasmoblasts and basophilic stem cells) show an active DNA synthesis which corresponds to diploid, hyperdiploid and tetradiploid cells. Any hypertetraploid cell could not be found with certainty. Most of the reticulum cells with and without phagocytic activity are diploid, but some of them also show a DNA synthesis. The formerly published caryometric classification of the lymphoid cells cannot be accurately correlated to their DNA content. Hence, other chemical nuclear constituents must be responsible for the consistent differences between the nuclear volumina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341510
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zytophotometrische Bestimmung des Histon- und Gesamtproteingehalts von Zellen des lymphatischen Gewebes (1967)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 85 (1967), S. 47-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An Tupfpräparaten von menschlichen Tonsillen mit chronischer unspezifischer hyperplastischer Entzündung wurden die Zellen des lymphatischen Gewebes auf ihren Gehalt an Histoneiweiß und Gesamtprotein zytophotometrisch untersucht. Den Untersuchungen ging jeweils die DNS-Bestimmung an denselben Zellen voraus. Nach den erhaltenen DNS-, Histon- und Gesamtproteinwerten der Zellkerne lassen sich vier Gruppen von Zellen unterscheiden: 1. Regeneratorisch aktive Zellen (Germinoblasten, basophile Stammzellen und Plasmoblasten) mit reger DNS-Synthese, vermindertem Histon- und stark erhöhtem Gesamtproteingehalt. 2. Funktioneil aktive Zellen (histiomonocytäre Zellen, große Reticulumzellen) mit weitgehend diploidem DNS-Gehalt, vermindertem Histon- und mäßig stark erhöhtem Gesamteiweißgehalt. 3. Gering aktive Zellen (Germinocyten, Plasmazellen) mit diploidem DNS- und Histongehalt und gering erhöhtem Gesamtproteingehalt. 4. Inaktive Zellen (Lymphocyten) mit diploidem DNS- und Histongehalt und niedrigen Gesamtproteinwerten. Der Gesamtproteingehalt und das Verhältnis der Histonproteine zur DNS werden im Zusammenhang mit der genetischen Aktivität der Zellkerne diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The various cell types of human lymphatic tissue have been identified on imprints stained after Pappenheim. Thereafter the slides were restained successively with the Feulgen method and with the Fastgreen dye respectively with Naphthol Yellow S. So it was possible to determine the nuclear DNA and histone content and the total proteins of the cell by cytophotometry. The results give information about the activity of the different cell nuclei and lead to the following classification of the lymph node cells: 1. Regeneratory active cells (germinoblasts, basophilic stem cells, plasmoblasts) show active DNA synthesis, reduction in histone content compared to DNA and very high total protein content of the cell nuclei. 2. Functional active cells (histiomonocytes, reticulum cells) with mostly diploid DNA values, reduced histone content and high total protein content. 3. Low active cells (germinocytes, plasmocytes) with diploid DNA and histone content and only a small increase of total proteins. 4. Inactive cells (lymphocytes) with diploid DNA and histone values and a low total protein content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330585
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  • 7
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    Zytophotometrische Bestimmung des DNS-Gehaltes von Zellen des lymphatischen Gewebes (1966)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1966-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Zytophotometrische Bestimmung des Histon- und Gesamtproteingehalts von Zellen des lymphatischen Gewebes (1967)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1967-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    The total infrared luminosity may significantly overestimate the star formation rate of quenching and recently quenched galaxies (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-16
    Description: The total infrared (IR) luminosity is very useful for estimating the star formation rate (SFR) of galaxies, but converting the IR luminosity into an SFR relies on assumptions that do not hold for all galaxies. We test the effectiveness of the IR luminosity as an SFR indicator by applying it to synthetic spectral energy distributions generated from three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of isolated disc galaxies and galaxy mergers. In general, the SFR inferred from the IR luminosity agrees well with the true instantaneous SFR of the simulated galaxies. However, for the major mergers in which a strong starburst is induced, the SFR inferred from the IR luminosity can overestimate the instantaneous SFR during the post-starburst phase by greater than two orders of magnitude. Even though the instantaneous SFR decreases rapidly after the starburst, the stars that were formed in the starburst can remain dust-obscured and thus produce significant IR luminosity. Consequently, use of the IR luminosity as an SFR indicator may cause one to conclude that post-starburst galaxies are still star forming, whereas in reality, star formation was recently quenched.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Dependence of galaxy quenching on halo mass and distance from its centre (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-03
    Description: We study the dependence of star formation quenching on galaxy mass and environment, in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS; z  ~ 0.1) and the All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS; z  ~ 1). It is crucial that we define quenching by low star formation rate rather than by red colour, given that one-third of the red galaxies are star forming. We address stellar mass M * , halo mass M h , density over the nearest N neighbours N and distance to the halo centre D . The fraction of quenched galaxies appears more strongly correlated with M h at fixed M * than with M * at fixed M h , while for satellites quenching also depends on D . We present the M * – M h relation for centrals at z  ~ 1. At z  ~ 1, the dependence of quenching on M * at fixed M h is somewhat more pronounced than at z  ~ 0, but the quenched fraction is low (10 per cent) and the haloes are less massive. For satellites, M * -dependent quenching is noticeable at high D , suggesting a quenching dependence on subhalo mass for recently captured satellites. At small D , where satellites likely fell in more than a few Gyr ago, quenching strongly depends on M h and not on M * . The M h dependence of quenching is consistent with theoretical wisdom where virial shock heating in massive haloes shuts down accretion and triggers ram-pressure stripping, causing quenching. The interpretation of N is complicated by the fact that it depends on the number of observed group members compared to N , motivating the use of D as a better measure of local environment.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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