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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 133 (1998), S. 122-135 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Crystal-structure modeling of experimental Ca-rich clinopyroxenes [Ca + Na 〉 0.5 apfu; Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) 〉 0.7] coexisting with basic and ultrabasic melts was utilized for calibration of geobarometers based on unit-cell volume (Vcell) vs M1-site volume (VM1). The clinopyroxene database includes over one hundred experiments from literature and sixteen previously unpublished experiments on basanite and picrobasalt starting materials. The coexisting melts span a wide range of petrologically relevant anhydrous and hydrous compositions (from quartz-normative basalt to nephelinite, excluding high-Al basalts and melts coexisting with garnet or melilite) at pressure conditions pertinent to the earth's crust and uppermost mantle (P= 0–24 kbar) in a variety of fO 2 conditions (from CCO-buffered to air-buffered) and mineral assemblages (Cpx ± Opx ± Pig ± Ol ± Plag ± Lc ± Ne ± Spl ± Amp ± Ilm). As previously found for near-liquidus products of basaltic melts, the experimental clinopyroxenes follow two distinct trends: (i) at a given P, Vcell is linearly and negatively correlated with VM1. This corresponds with the extent of Tschermak-type substitutions, which depends strongly on aSiO2 and a CaO; (ii) for a fixed melt composition, Vcell and VM1 decrease linearly as P increases, due to a combination of M1, M2 and T site exchanges. Despite the chemical complexity of these relationships, P could be modeled as a linear function of Vcell and VM1. A simplified solution for anhydrous magmas reproduced the experimental pressures with an uncertainty of 1.75 kbar (=1 ; max. dev. = 5.5 kbar; N = 135). An expanded T-dependent solution capable of recovering the measured pressures of both anhydrous and hydrous experiments with an uncertainty of 1.70 kbar (=1 ; max. dev. = 5.4 kbar; N = 157) was obtained by correcting unit-cell and M1-site volumes for thermal expansivity and compressibility. The corrected formulation is more resistant to the effects of temperature variations and is therefore recommended. Nevertheless, it requires an independent, accurate estimate of crystallization T. Underestimating T by 20 °C propagates into a 1-kbar increase of calculated P. The applicability of the T-dependent formulation was tested on hydrous ultramafic to gabbroic rocks of the southern Adamello batholith for which P-T evolution could independently be constrained by field observation, petrography and experimentally determined phase relations. The pressure estimates obtained by clinopyroxene structural geobarometry closely matched those predicted by phase equilibria of a picrobasaltic melt parental to the investigated magmatic rocks. To facilitate application of the present geobarometers, both anhydrous and corrected solutions were implemented as MS-DOS® and UNIX® software programs (CpxBar) designed to permit retrieval of the pressure of crystallization directly from a chemical analysis or from uncorrected unit-cell and M1-site volume X-ray data.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 53 (1995), S. 49-61 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Klinopyroxene aus der Peridotit-Pyroxenit-Assoziation der Insel Zabargad (Rotes Meer) wurden eingehend kristallchemisch untersucht, um die inter-kristallinen Bezie-hungen in aus dem Mantel stammenden Klinopyroxenen zu definieren, die unter niedrigem Druck (Plagioklas-Fazies,PI-Cpx) equilibriert wurden.PI-Cpx zeigen typisch ein größeres Zellvolumen (〉437 Å3) im Vergleich zu jenen aus Knollen von Spinell- und Granat-Spinell-Peridotiten (Sp-Cpx). Das größere Zellvolumen wird hauptsächlich durch größere MgM1- und kleinere AlVI-Besetzungen erreicht, welche das M1-Volumen stark erhöhen. Gleichlaufend verlangt ein Ladungsüberschuß an den O3-Sauerstoffen durch hohe CaM2-Besetzungen (〉 0,828 Atome pro Formeleinheit) und niedrige NaM2-Besetzungen (≤ 0,037 Atome pro Formeleinheit) eine Verlängerung der T-O-Abstände und ein Anwachsen des T-Volumens. Folglich haben für das gleiche M1-Volumen diePl-Cpx ein größeres Zellvolumen gegenüber denSp-Cpx, und ferner ist für einen gegebenen Gehalt an dreiwertigen Kationen (R3+) auf M1 das AlIV inPI-Cpx höher als inSp-Cpx. Diagramme von Zellvolumen gegen Volumen von M1, sowie von M1-O2 gegen T-Onbr sind ein einfaches Mittel, um die komplexen interkristallinen Beziehungen aufzuzeigen, welche die Substitutionen (Ca → Na)M2, (Si → AIIV)T und (Mg → R3+)M1 beherrschen, sie erlauben eine empfindliche qualitative Unterscheidung der Druckverhältnisse bei der Equilibrierung von Klinopyroxenen aus dem Mantel.
    Notes: Summary A detailed crystal-chemical study of clinopyroxenes from the peridotite-pyroxenite association from Zabargad Island (Red Sea) has been carried out to decline the intercrystalline relationships in mantle-derived clinopyroxenes equilibrated at low pressure conditions (plagioclase facies:Pl-Cpx).Pl-Cpx typically show larger cell volume (〉437 °A3) compared with those from spinel and garnet-spinel peridotite nodules (Sp-Cpx). The larger cell volume is mainly achieved through higher Mgm, and louver AlVI occupancies, which strongly increase the M l volume. Concurrently, overcharging on the O3 oxygens due te, the high CaM2 (≥ 0.828 atoms per formula unit, a.f.u.) and low NaM2 (〈 0.037 a.f.u.) occupancies requires lengthening of T-0 distances and increase of the T volume. Consequently: i) for the saine M 1 volume,Pl-Cpx have larger cell volume compared withSp-Cpx; ii) for a given trivalent cations (R3+) content in M1, AlIV is higher inPl-Cpx than inSp-Cpx. Plots of cell volume vs Ml volume and of M1-O2 vs T-Onbr bond lengths are a simple way to illustrate the complex intracrystalline relationships which control (Ca → Na)M2, (Si → AlIV)T and (Mg → R3+)M1 substitutions, and thus permit sensitive qualitative discrimination of the pressure regimes of equilibration of mantle clinopyroxenes.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 205 (1997), S. 85-98 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Karyology ; cytology ; karyological descriptors ; information systems ; databases ; data structure ; information model ; datamodel ; data structure diagrams ; CDEFD project
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A project-independent data model for the entire range of karyological information provides a comprehensive picture of all data items presently used in karyological research and characterizes their logical inter-relation. It is presented in the form of a hierarchical decomposition of the subject matter down to attribute-level data items. The applied analytical methods are relevant for the structuring of information in other branches of biology. Only sporadic and inconsistent efforts have previously been made to make the huge amount of available karyological information accessible in electronic form. In the view of growing demand for the availability of scientific data on computer networks, further attempts are to be expected presently. The present data model provides a framework for the design of individual databases and ensures compatibility of the resulting datasets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 109 (1993), S. 125-143 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Beechwoods ; Fagus sylvatica ; Forests ; Italy ; Phytogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a numerical analysis of the distribution patterns in Europe and adjoining regions of 242 vascular plant species occurring in the Italian beech forests. The classification of a matrix of species and of 531 Operational Geographic Units (OGUs) led to recognition of 15 different phytogeographic elements (chorotypes). The joint distribution of the species belonging to each chorotype is shown by a chorogram, which is a geographic map obtained by computer processing of the distributional data. Some of the chorograms show the main distributional centers for the beechwood flora in southern Europe: northwestern Balkan Peninsula and eastern Alps, southern Balkan Peninsula, Maritime Alps, northern Apennines, southern Apennines. Only 20% of the species are limited to narrow areas in southern Europe, and were not able to expand considerably their ranges in postglacial times. Migration from the refugia and colonization of vast areas in central and northern Europe led to intensive speciation phenomena, occurring chiefly through the formation of neopolyploid species. Several south European, narrow-ranging species, can be considered as palaeopolyploids with relict character. There is a good relationship between distribution and ecology of the chorotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 59 (1985), S. 9-20 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Beringia ; Boreal vegetation ; Chorology ; North America ; Phytosociology ; Yukon Territory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study is based on the analysis of the chorological spectra from 19 vegetation types obtained from a numerical classification of ca. 400 phytosociological relevés taken during a vegetation survey in the Yukon Territory (NW Canada). All vegetation types are well characterized in terms of their chorological features. This allowed an ecological-historical interpretation of the vegetation in the study area. The distribution of the various chorological categories within the vegetation types is strongly correlated with the main environmental influences, whose action led to the present floristical and vegetational characteristics of the area, such as glaciation, fire, permafrost and water availability. The results show how the phytosociological approach constitutes an effective methodological tool for clarifying the phytogeographical aspects in the historical-ecological interpretation of a large area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 79 (1988), S. 133-142 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Ecomorphology ; Gradient analysis ; Ordination ; Vegetation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study is based on a phytosociological table and a matrix of species and morphological characters. The relevés were taken along a transect in a Myrica faya-Erica arborea formation on Tenerife (Canary Islands). The analysis of the phytosociological table reveals a vegetational succession and a corresponding ecological gradient. The study of correlations between morphological and ecological data leads to the creation of groups of species with different combinations of characters, and to a discussion of the adaptive values of each character combination. The species of each group occupy similar niches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 113 (1994), S. 25-39 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Betula ; Flora ; Forest-steppe ; Map ; Taiga ; Vegetation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A minimum variance cluster analysis of 87 species of vascular plants occurring in south Siberian birch woodlands, based on their total distribution ranges, grouped them into 9 phytogeographic elements. The main distribution patterns of each element are illustrated by means of maps obtained by automatic mapping programs, showing the joint occurrence of the species of each element on a world scale. The results indicate a predominance of Eurasiatic-temperate taxa. The south Siberian birch woodlands can be considered as the easternmost extensions of the European deciduous forest belt, which in Siberia is compressed between the taiga biome in the north and the steppe biome in the south. The marginal position of Siberian Betula stands is reflected by the persistence of plants which are ‘ecologically marginal’ with respect to true forest vegetation; most of the Eurasiatic species are typical, in Europe, of forest-meadows and forest-margins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 132 (1997), S. 15-28 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Grasslands ; Italy ; Phytogeography ; Vegetation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The vascular flora of pedologically conditioned, extensive dry grasslands occurring in a very rainy area of northeastern Italy, was submitted to phytogeographic analysis. The distributional ranges of 144 species were digitized into two presence-absence matrices of species and Operational Geographic Units (quadrants), one covering Europe, the other, limited to 56 species with extra-European distributions, extended to the Northern Hemisphere north of the Tropic of Cancer. These matrices were submitted to numerical classification, obtaining clusters of species with similar distributional patterns (chorotypes). For each cluster of species, the percent occurrencies in each quadrant were processed by a program of automatic mapping, producing a series of isoporic maps showing the joint distribution of the species of each cluster. The species can be subdivided into six main phytogeographical groups: (1) Narrow-ranging (34% of the total), including the endemic, subendemic, Illyrian-Balcanic and NW submediterranean elements, (2) Southern European-Submediterranean (18.8%), (3) Wide-ranging European (16.6%), (4) Eastern-Pontic (7.6%), (5) Southern Eurasiatic (10.5%), (6) Northern Eurasiatic (12.5%). The phytogeographic originality of the investigated grasslands is high, with more than one third of the species having narrow distributional ranges. Particularly relevant are the connections with the Balkanic-Illyrian and the eastern Alpine regions. Nomenclature: Pignatti (1982).
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  • 9
  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-02-15
    Print ISSN: 1529-6466
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2666
    Topics: Geosciences
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