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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of Seed Yield and its Components in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Middle-American Origin (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 101 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Increase in yield potential of dry common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars has been either imperceptible or small and gradual, in spite of large variation of most traits, including seed yield. Therefore, general combining ability (GCA) of 80 cultivars and lines of mostly Middle-American origin was investigated. Eight sets of 10 entries each were used, with five parents each as females and males in a Design II mating system. The resulting 200 F, populations, excluding parents, were evaluated in a replicates-in-sets design for yield and its, components at two locations in Colombia. GCA was, calculated by Griffing's Method 4, Model I.Sixty-two parents, including high yielding and widely grown small-seeded Latin American cultivars (‘Aete 3’, ‘Carioca’, ‘Catu’, ‘ICA Pijao’, ‘IPA 74-19’, ‘Jamapa’, ‘Moruna 80’, ‘Porrillo Sintetico’. ‘Rio Tibagi’), new releases, and many sources of diseases, insect pests, and drought resistance, had zero or negative GCA for yield and its components at both locations. Seventeen out of the 18 parents that had positive GCA for yield at one or both locations were bred lines. At least nine of these resulted from a cross between a small-seeded cultivar with zero or negative GCA for yield, on one hind, and a landrace from the highlands of Mexico, on the other. Two such landraces, ‘Guanajuato 31’ and ‘Ojo deLiebre’, contributed positive GCA for seed yield and seed weight to all their lines studied, suggesting a major gene control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00280.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of Seed Yield and its Components in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Middle-American Origin (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 101 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Genetic variance, heritability, and expected response from selection arc useful in devising alternative methods and criteria of: selection. The objectives of this study were to estimate these for seed yield and its components from 200 F2: populations involving 80 cultivars and lines of mostly small-seeded dry bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of habits growth I, II, and III of Middle-American origin. All cultivars and lines were crossed in eight sets of ten parents each in a Design II mating system. The F2 populations, without parents, were evaluated in the field in a replicates-in-sets design at two locations in Colombia in 1983.Estimates of additive genetic variance were significant for yield, pods/m2, seeds/pod, and seed weight. Interaction with environments was also significant. Values for nonadditive genetic variance were not significant for either yield or yield components. The estimates of narrow sense heritability, based on the F2 population mean and unbiased by genotype x environment interaction, were 0.21 ± 0.13 for yield. 20 ± 0.13 for pods/m2, 0.57 ± 0.13 for seeds/pod, and 0.74 ± 0.15 for seed weight.The expected direct response from selection of the top 20 % of F2 populations for yield per se would result in a 4.30 % increase in yield with a correlated response of 0.21 % in seed weight. In contrast, the expected gain from direct selection for seed weight would result in a 11.76 % increase in seed weight with a, correlated gain of 0.28 % for yield. Direct selection for pods/m2 would decrease yield, seeds/pod and seed weight, while direct selection for seeds/pod would reduce pods/m2 and seed weight but increase seed yield by 0.37 %.Data on yield from replicated trials in the early segregating generations could be utilized for identification and selection of promising crosses and families or lines with crosses for dry bean yield improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00281.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic similarity among ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana estimated by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 1028-1032 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Bootstrap ; RFLPs ; Principal component analysis ; Genetic similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic similarity was estimated among a sample of 28 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Twenty-five previously mapped genomic clones were used as probes in Southern hybridizations to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). A total of 62 polymorphic restriction fragments were classified as to their presence or absence for each genotype. The genetic similarity between each pair of ecotypes was calculated as the ratio of concordant to total bands scored. The mean genetic similarity among the 28 ecotypes was 0.69 and ranged from 0.32 to near 1.0. No relationship was observed between genetic similarity and geographical origin of the 28 ecotypes. The ecotype most distantly related to the other 27 was Niederzenz, with a mean genetic similarity of 0.55 ± 13. A bootstrap procedure was used to generate 200 random samples of bands of size n (n=8,12,16,..., 55), and the coefficient of variance (CV) was estimated for each sample. The plot of the first two principal components provided a description of the relative genetic similarity among ecotypes. The results provide information useful to investigators interested in sampling the genetic variation among Arabidopsis ecotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211057
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative and quantitative characterization of RAPD variation among snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 1078-1085 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; Snap bean RAPD variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ten snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes were screened for polymorphism with 400 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) primers. Polymorphic RAPDs were scored and classified into three categories based on ethidium bromide staining intensity. An average of 5.19 RAPD bands were scored per primer for the 364 primers that gave scorable amplification products. An average of 2.15 polymorphic RAPDs were detected per primer. The results show that primer screening may reduce the number of RAPD reactions required for the analysis of genetic relationships among snap-bean genotypes by over 60%. Based on the analysis of the distribution of RAPD amplification, the same number of polymorphic RAPDs were amplified from different genotypes for all RAPD band intensity levels. A comparison of RAPD band amplification frequency among genotypes for the three categories of bands classified by amplification strength revealed a measurable difference in the frequencies of RAPDs classified as faint (weakly amplifying) compared to RAPD bands classified as bold (strongly amplifying) indicating a possible scoring error due to the underscoring of faint bands. Correlation analysis showed that RAPD bands amplified by the same primer are not more closely correlated then RAPD bands amplified by different primers but are more highly correlated then expected by chance. Pairwise comparisons of RAPD bands indicate that the distribution of RAPD amplification among genotypes will be a useful criterion for establishing RAPD band identity. For the average pairwise comparison of genotypes, 50% of primers tested and 15.8% of all scored RAPDs detected polymorphism. Based on RAPD data Nei's average gene diversity at a locus was 0.158 based on all scorable RAPD bands and 0.388 if only polymorphic RAPD loci were considered. RAPD-derived 1 relationships among genotypes are reported for the ten genotypes included in this study. The data presented here demonstrate that many informative, polymorphic RAPDs can be found among snap bean cultivars. These RAPDs may be useful for the unique identification of bean varieties, the organization of bean germplasm, and applications of molecular markers to bean breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223922
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of scoring error and reproducibility RAPD data on RAPD based estimates of genetic distance (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 1086-1091 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; RAPD variation Reproducibility ; Scoring error ; Genetic distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract RAPD band reproducibility and scoring error were evaluated for RAPDs generated by 50 RAPD primers among ten snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Genetic distances based on different sets of RAPD bands were compared to evaluate the impact of scoring error, reproducibility, and differences in relative amplification strength on the reproducibility of RAPD based genetic distance estimates. The measured RAPD data scoring error was 2%. Reproducibility, expressed as the percentage of RAPD bands scored that are also scored in replicate data, was 76%. The results indicate that the probability of a scored RAPD band being scored in replicate data is strongly dependent on the uniformity of amplification conditions between experiments, as well as the relative amplification strength of the RAPD band. Significant improvement in the reproducibility of scored bands and some reduction in scoring error was achieved by reducing differences in reaction conditions between replicates. Observed primer variability for the reproducibility of scored RAPDs may also facilitate the selection of primers, resulting in dramatic improvements in the reproducibility of RAPD data used in germplasm studies. Variance of genetic distances across replicates due to sampling error was found to be more than six times greater than that due to scoring error for a set of 192 RAPD bands. Genetic distance matrices computed from the RAPD bands scored in replicated data and RAPD bands that failed to be scored in replicated data were not significantly different. Differences in the ethidium bromide staining intensity of RAPD bands were not associated with significant differences in resulting genetic distance matrices. The assumption of sampling error as the only source of error was sufficient to account for the observed variation in genetic distance estimates across independent sets of RAPD bands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223923
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in DNA-marker frequencies associated with response to contrasting selection methods in Arabidopsis (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Gene frequency ; Recurrent selection ; Specific combining ability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Recurrent selection for specific combining ability (RS-SCA) and S1 family performance (RS-S1) were compared in replicated selection programs initiated from a common C0 base population of Arabidopsis. Three cycles of selection for aerial biomass were completed in each of two replicate programs of each selection method. Response to selection was measured on the basis of per se, S1 progeny, and testcross performance with a common tester. All selection programs improved testcross performance. Testcross gain per cycle in RS-S1 (7.15% cycle-1) and RS-SCA (5.31% cycle-1) were not significantly different. Performance of S1 progeny and populations per se significantly improved over cycles of selection using RS-S1 but were unchanged by RS-SCA. Codominant molecular marker-allele frequencies were recorded for each population at 22 polymorphic loci. Trends in marker-allele frequencies were tested by linear regression. Significant trends in marker-allele frequencies pooled over replicate programs were detected at 8 and 7 loci in the RS-S1 and RS-SCA programs, respectively. Marker alleles at 2 loci significantly changed frequency in response to both RS-S1 and RS-SCA programs. Marker alleles at 6 loci significantly changed frequency only in response to RS-SCA. Marker alleles at 6 other loci showed significant linear trends pooled over replicates only in RS-S1. No markers revealed increases in the frequency of different marker alleles within loci using the two selection methods. Possible genetic causes of marker frequency changes are discussed, as well as breeding implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050896
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards an integrated linkage map of common bean. 4. Development of a core linkage map and alignment of RFLP maps (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 847-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; Core linkage map ; RFLPs ; RAPDs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Three RFLP maps, as well as several RAPD maps have been developed in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In order to align these maps, a core linkage map was established in the recombinant inbred population BAT93×Jalo EEP558 (BJ). This map has a total length of 1226 cM and comprises 563 markers, including some 120 RFLP and 430 RAPD markers, in addition to a few isozyme and phenotypic marker loci. Among the RFLPs mapped were markers from the University of California, Davis (established in the F2 of the BJ cross), University of Paris-Orsay, and University of Florida maps. These shared markers allowed us to establish a correspondence between the linkage groups of these three RFLP linkage maps. In total, the general map location (i.e., the linkage group membership and approximate location within linkage groups) has been determined for some 1070 markers. Approaches to align this core map with other current or future maps are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050964
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of RAPD and RFLP genetic markers in determining genetic similarity among Brassica oleracea L. genotypes (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1994), S. 909-915 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea var. italica ; B. oleracea var. botrytis ; B. oleacea var. capitata ; Genetic distance ; Genetic similarity ; Crossing algorithm ; Cluster analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic similarity among 45 Brassica Oleracea genotypes was compared using two molecular markers, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The genotypes included 37 broccolis (var. italica), five cauliflowers (var. botrytis) and three cabbages (var. capitata) which represented a wide range of commercially-available germplasm, and included open-pollinated cultivars, commercial hybrids, and inbred parents of hybrid cultivars. Fifty-six polymorphic RFLP bands and 181 polymorphic RAPD bands were generated using 15 random cDNA probes and 62 10-mer primers, respectively. The objectives were to compare RFLP and RAPD markers with regard to their (1) sampling variance, (2) rank correlations of genetic distance among sub-samples, and (3) inheritance. A bootstrap procedure was used to generate 200 random samples of size n (n=2,3,5,... 55) independently from the RAPD and RFLP data sets. The coefficient of variance (CV) was estimated for each sample. Pooled regressions of the coefficient of variance on bootstrap sample size indicated that the rate of decrease in CV with increasing sample size was the same for RFLPs and RAPDs. The rank correlation between the Nei-Li genetic similarity values for all pairs of genotypes (990) based on RFLP and RAPD data was 0.745. Differences were observed between the RFLP and RAPD dendrograms of the 45 genotypes. Overlap in the distributions of rank correlations between independent sub-samples from the RAPD data set, compared to correlations between RFLP and RAPD sub-samples, suggest that observed differences in estimation of genetic similarity between RAPDs and RFLPs is largely due to sampling error rather than due to DNA-based differences in how RAPDs and RFLPs reveal polymorphisms. A crossing algorithm was used to generate hypothetical banding patterns of hybrids based on the genotypes of the parents. The results of this study indicate that RAPDs provide a level of resolution equivalent to RFLPs for detemination of the genetic relationships among genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225784
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of sampling variance of molecular marker data using the bootstrap procedure (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; Bootstrap ; Sampling variance ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Knowledge of genetic relationships among genotypes is useful in a plant breeding program because it permits the organization of germplasm and provides for more efficient sampling. The genetic distance (GD) among genotypes can be estimated using random restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) as molecular markers. Knowledge of the sampling variance associated with RFLP markers is needed to determine how many markers are required for a given level of precision in the estimate of GD. The sampling variance for GD among all pairs of 37 maize (Z. mays L.) inbred lines was estimated from 1202 RFLPs. The 1202 polymorphisms were generated from 251 enzyme-probe combinations (EPC). The sampling variance was used to determine how large a sample of RFLPs was required to provide a given level of precision. The coefficient of variation (CV) associated with GD has a nearly linear relationship between its expected standard deviation and mean. The magnitude of the decrease in the mean CV for GD with increasing numbers of bands was dependent upon the sampling unit; e.g., individual polymorphic bands vs EPC, and the degree of relatedness among the inbreds compared. The rate of reduction in mean CV with increasing sample size was the same regardless of the restriction enzyme used, BamHI, EcoRI or HindIII, when the bootstrap sampling units were individual polymorphic bands. In constrast, although the rate of reduction (slopes) was the same, the intercepts of the mean CVs were different when EPCs were used as the bootstrap sampling unit. This difference was due to the higher number of bands per EPC in BamHI (4.94) compared with EcoRI (4.83) and HindIII (4.63).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225151
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction of genetic linkage maps in maize and tomato using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 761-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms ; Genetic linkage maps ; Zea mays L ; Lycopersicon species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetic linkage maps were constructed for both maize and tomato, utilizing restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) as the source of genetic markers. In order to detect these RFLPs, unique DNA sequence clones were prepared from either maize or tomato tissue and hybridized to Southern blots containing restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA from different homozygous lines. A subsequent comparison of the RFLP inheritance patterns in F2 populations from tomato and maize permitted arrangement of the loci detected by these clones into genetic linkage groups for both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266542
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