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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Variation for Agronomic Characters in a Burley Tobacco Synthetic Following Recurrent Selection for Increased Black Shank Resistance (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 108 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Black shank, a fuagal disease caused by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, is a major hazard in the production of burley tobacco (Nicotiutta tubacum L.). Moderate levels of resistance have been bred into cultivars, but little success has been achieved in utilizing high levels of resistance found in the cigar line. Beinhart 1000-1. Beinhirt 1000-1 and seven burley cultivars were combined into a synthetic population and three cycles of selection for increased black slunk resistance were conducted. The objectives of this study were (i) t0 estimate genetic variability for agronomic traits in the original base population (Co) and die three selection cycles and (ii) to characterize the effects of selection for black shank resistance on the agronomic traits. Fifty selfed lines From the base population and each of three selection cycles were evaluated in replicated field trials at Lexington and Princeton, KY. Differences among cycle means for six agronomic traits were not statistically significant. Genetic variation for the six traits among lines within cycles was highly significant and did not change during selection. The results indicated that previously assumed associations between black shank resistance in Beinhart 1000-1 and undesirable agronomic traits were due to chromosomal linkages which were apparently broken by intercrossing. The C3 population would be a useful base population for selection to improve agronomic performance in black shank resistant genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00119.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digital voltage vector control with adaptive parameter tuning (1990)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 74 (1990), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Dieser Artikel beschreibt ein vollständiges digitales Steuerungssystem für Standard-Induktionsmotoren. Ein neues Wechselrichter-Spannungsvektor-Steuerungssystem für Hochfrequenzschaltung und ein prädiktives Frequenz-Spannungs-Steuerungssystem, das den Bedarf von Tacho-Rückmeldung eliminiert, ist entwickelt worden. Außerdem wurde ein selbsteinstellendes Parameteranpassungsverfahren entwickelt. Dieses Verfahren nimmt Rücksicht auf die große Variation der elektrischen Parameter verschiedener Fabrikate von Standard-Induktionsmotoren. Für Überwachungszwecke sind Schaltschutz, Minimierung des Schaltverlustes und anwendungsspezifische integrierte Schaltungen vielfach benutzt worden. Die stationären und dynamischen Verhältnisse der Antriebe werden dokumentiert und durch Simulationen verglichen.
    Notes: Contents This paper describes a completely digital control system for standard induction motors. A new inverter voltage vector control system for high frequency switching has been designed, and a predictive frequency-voltage control system that eliminates the need of tacho feedback has been developed. In addition, an adaptive parameter tuning method has been developed. This method takes the large variation in electrical parameters of standard induction motors of different manufactures into account. For control purposes, switch protection and switch loss minimizing, custom designed application specific integrated circuits have been used extensively. Steady-state and dynamic performances of the drive are documented and compared to simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01573233
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gibberellic acid effects on germination and α-amylase activity of winter wheats (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 875-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; pre-harvest sprouting ; germination ; α-amylase enzyme ; gibberellic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sensitivity to GA in non-Gai genome winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars was investigated to determine magnitude of variation of the trait, its association with other traits, and effects of geographical location of production. α-Amylase enzyme activity was measured before and after treatment with gibberellic acid in 18 cultivars grown at one location and in five cultivars grown at six locations. Dye-labeled starch and agar-starch media procedures were used for the first and second experiments, respectively. α-Amylase activity differed significantly among the 18 cultivars after germination in water, germination in GA, and in absolute and relative sensitivity to GA. Cultivars that reacted similarly to GA had some common ancestors in their pedigrees, and α-amylase activity and sensitivity to GA were significantly negatively associated with seed weight. α-Amylase activity differed between tall and semi-dwarf cultivars in the second experiment, but not in the first experiment. The magnitude of variation in α-amylase activity and its relationship to preharvest sprouting susceptibility of the cultivars suggested that the trait can be modified to improve seed dormancy. Significant interactions between cultivar responses to GA and geographical location of grain production suggested that selection should be carried out in several environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038818
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation among androgenic and gynogenic doubled haploids of tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; burley tobacco ; Nicotiana africana ; anther culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Agronomic field performance traits and leaf chemical characteristics of gynogenic doubled haploids (GDH) and androgenic double haploids (ADH) were compared with selfed lines of a burley tobacco cultivar to determine which type of doubled haploids was superior. Three sets of ADH and GDH lines performed similar to their selfed lines, but one set each of ADH and GDH lines had reduced yield, plant height, leaf number, stalk diameter, and leaf length in comparison to the respective selfed lines of KY 17.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023062
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf surface chemicals fromNicotiana affecting germination ofPeronospora tabacina (adam) sporangia (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1467-1479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Nicotiana ; Peronospora tabacina ; blue mold ; leaf surface ; chemistry ; diterpenes ; sugar esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A bioassay was used to evaluate the effects of cuticular leaf components, isolated fromN. tabacum, N. glutinosa (accessions 24 and 24a), and 23other Nicotiana species, on germinationof P. tabacina (blue mold). The leaf surface compounds includedα- andβ-4,8,13,-duvatriene-l,3-diols (DVT-diols), (13-E)-labda-13-ene-8α-,15-diol (labdenediol), (12-Z)-labda-12,14-diene-8α-ol (cis-abienol), (13-R)-labda-8,14-diene-13-ol (manool), 2-hydroxymanool, a mixture of (13-R)-labda-14-ene-8α,13-diol (sclareol), and (13-S)-labda-14-ene-8α,13-diol (episclareol), and various glucose and/or sucrose ester isolates. The above in acetone were applied onto leaf disks of the blue moldsusceptibleN. tabacum cv. TI 1406, which was then inoculated with blue mold sporangia. Estimated IC50 values (inhibitory concentration) were 3.0μg/cm2 forα-DVT-diol, 2.9μ/cm2 forβ-DVT-diol, 0.4μg/cm2 for labdenediol and 4.7μg/cm2 for the sclareol mixture. Manool, 2-hydroxymanool, andcis-abienol at application rates up to 30μg/cm2 had little or no effect on sporangium germination. Glucose and/or sucrose ester isolates from the cuticular leaf extracts of 23Nicotiana species and three different fractions fromN. bigelovii were also evaluated for antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 30μg/cm2. Germination was inhibited by 〉20% when exposed to sugar esters isolated fromN. acuminata, N. benthamiana, N. attenuata, N. clevelandii, andN. miersii, and accessions 10 and 12 ofN. bigelovii. These results imply that a number of compounds may influence resistance to blue mold in tobacco.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993221
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biorationals fromNicotiana protect cucumbers againstColletotrichum lagenarium (Pass.) ell. & halst disease development (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Nicotiana ; Colletotrichum lagenarium ; biorationals ; trichome exudates ; leaf surface chemistry ; diterpenes ; sugar esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Trichome exudate compounds isolated from leaves ofNicotiana tabacum, N. glutinosa (accessions 24 and 24a), and 21 otherNicotiana species were evaluated for biorational activity againstC. lagenarium, the anthracnose pathogen of cucumber. Exudate compounds tested were the cembrane diterpenes α- and β-4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diols (DVT diols); the labdane diterpenes (13-E)-labda-13-ene-8α,15-diol (labdenediol) and (13-R)-labda-14-ene-8α, 13-diol (sclareol); extracts fromN. gossei; and various sugar ester isolates. In dose-response experiments test compounds were applied to a water agar surface that was then inoculated with a conidial suspension. Low levels of most test compounds reduced or completely inhibited germination ofC. lagenarium conidia. IC50 values, concentrations (micrograms per square centimeter) at which conidium germination was reduced 50%, were 6.3 for DVT diols, 19.3 for sclareol, 1.0 for labdenediol, 2.8 for a mixture of sclareol and labdenediol, 1.2 for anN. gossei sucrose ester and 4.1 for theN. gossei crude extract. Higher levels of DVT diols and the sclareol-labdenediol mixture were required to reduce lesion size and number on inoculated cucumber leaves. At the highest concentration tested, 100 µg/cm2, the DVT diols and sclareol-labdenediol mixtures protected cucumbers against lesion development by 93 and 98%, respectively. Sugar ester mixtures from 20Nicotiana species and three different sugar ester fractions fromN. bideglovii had in vitro antifungal activity at a concentration of 48 µg/cm2. Sugar esters from nine of the species includingN. acuminata, N. attenuata, N. clevelandii, N. maritima, N. miersii, N. noctiflora, N. occidentalis, N. rustica, and fractions 10, 12, and 13 fromN. bideglovii completely inhibitedC. lagenarium conidium from germinating. Sugar ester mixtures from only four species,N. plumbaginifolia, N. bonariensis, N. simulans, andN. palmerii, had no significant effect onC. lagenarium conidium germination. These results suggest the potential ofNicotiana exudates as biorationals in reducing disease development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036653
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between sprouting in wheat and embryo response to endogenous inhibition (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum destivum ; wheat ; pre-harvest sprouting ; inhibitors ; embryo ; germination ; gibberellic acid ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seed dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) is important for minimizing pre-harvest sprouting. To facilitate breeding cultivars that tolerate pre-harvest sprouting conditions, we assessed mode and magnitude of variation of seed dormancy among genotypes and investigated involvement of endogenous water-soluble inhibitor(s) in seed germination. Embryo bio-assays established that water-soluble inhibitor was ubiquitous among the wheat cultivars studied and did not diminish in quantity during after-ripening. Germination response of embryos was decreased by endogenous inhibitor, but the effect markedly declined as embryos aged at room temperature. Variation in dormancy among cultivars was primarily caused by differential response of their embryos to endogenous inhibitor. Gibberellic acid counteracted the initial inhibitory effect of endogenous inhibitor on germination but not the subsequent inhibitory effect on seedling growth. We concluded that pre-harvest sprouting resistance involves multiple factors, particularly embryo receptivity to endogenous inhibitor, and that variation in inhibitor quantity is not solely responsible for genotypic differences in susceptibility to pre-harvest sprouting. The possibility of additional approaches to breeding for pre-harvest sprouting resistance is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028322
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vigor and variation expressed by anther-derived doubled haploids of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). I. Comparison of sexual and doubled-haploid populations (1986)
    Springer
    Euphytica 35 (1986), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; burley tobacco ; anther culture ; doubled haploid ; colchicine ; androgenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetic consequences of anther culture and chromosome-doubling techniques on burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were examined in this study. Three diploid populations, obtained from a burley tobacco inbred by conventional and anther-culture techniques, were compared. The first population consisted of 50 conventionally-selfed lines; the second population was made up of 35 doubled-haploid lines obtained from individual haploid plants by in vitro techniques (IVDH); and the third population consisted of 20 doubled-haploid lines whose chromosome complements had been doubled with colchicine (CDH). Comparisons of doubled-haploid lines with sexually-derived lines revealed significant differences for yield, maturity, leaf length, and alkaloid content. Yield reductions in the doubled-haploid populations averaged 8.5%. Significant differences observed between the IVDH and CDH populations indicate that the reported deleterious effects of colchicine contributed to the vigor reduction of doubled haploids. The anther derived lines in this study exhibited greater variation than did the sexual materials. This variation could provide useful variation for a breeding program. Variation exhibited by the sexual progeny of the highly inbred line, ‘Kentucky 16’, suggests that the differences among anther-derived materials are at least partially due to natural phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028538
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vigor and variation expressed by anther-derived doubled haploids of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). II. Evaluation of first- and second-cycle doubled haploids (1986)
    Springer
    Euphytica 35 (1986), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; burley tobacco ; anther culture ; doubled haploid ; evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary First- and second-cycle doubled haploids of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were examined to ascertain the significance of source genotype on the performance of anther-derived material and to determine the magnitude of changes from the haploid-production and chromosome-doubling stages. The anther-derived lines evaluated in this study did not exhibit siginficant yield reductions. However, significant interactions between the cycle comparison and the source genotypes indicated that source genotype can affect the degree of vigor reduction observed. Significant variation was also observed among the second-cycle doubled haploids examined in this study. Partitioning of this variation indicates that most of it is due to alteration present at the haploid-production step instead of the chromosome-doubling step. In general, the variation present in the second-cycle doubled haploids was distributed around the values observed for the source first-cycle doubled haploids. Even though unexpected variation is often observed in anther-derived materials, these results suggest that reduced vigor is not intrinsically associated with androgenetic lines of burley tobacco. The most plausible explanations for the variation and vigor losses in anther-derived lines propose that natural phenomena, given the opportunity for expression via anther culture, are responsible. Spontaneous variants present in the gametic pool of inbreds or first-cycle doubled haploids offer one possible explanation for the performance observed in anther-derived lines of tobacco.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028539
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  • 10
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    Inheritance of Glandular Trichomes in Tobacco (1988)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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