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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of wireless information networks 3 (1996), S. 195-202 
    ISSN: 1572-8129
    Keywords: CDMA ; ALOHA ; Markov analysis ; equilibrium point analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract ALOHA is a simple and efficient way of allowing many machines with bursty data streams to communicate with a central computer. For cases where machines are equally likely to transmit to one another, CDMA ALOHA, which allows for full connectivity, may be a better multiple access protocol than slotted ALOHA through a central machine. This paper first describes a model for a fully connected, full duplex, and slotted CDMA ALOHA network where the “receiver-based code” access protocol is used. The stations can send data to, and receive data from, different stations simultaneously. The model is analyzed using discrete-time Markov chain, and some numerical results are presented. For a system with a large number of users where Markov analysis is impractical, equilibrium point analysis is used to predict the stability of the system and determine the throughput as well as the delay performance of the system when it is stable. It is shown that a CDMA slotted ALOHA network has a much better performance compared to simple slotted ALOHA networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 21 (1982), S. 456-459 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Extensional viscosity ; uniaxial stretch ; processability ; rubber compound ; aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that the extensional viscosity measured by uniaxial stretch may give useful information as to the processability of rubber compounds. A simple apparatus was constructed to measure this rheological property at constant rate of strain. The influence of rubber type, filler, aging, mastication and degree of crosslinking on the reduced stress is represented by diagrams. No steady-state extensional viscosity was obtained for highly filled rubber compounds. It was found that the flow behaviour of rubber compounds can be better characterized with an extensional rheometer than with a high-pressure capillary rheometer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 26 (1987), S. 453-459 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Extensionalrheometer ; extensionalflow ; thermoplasticelastomer blend ; elastomer-modifiedthermoplastic ; extensionalviscosity growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Extensional flow experiments were carried out on a simple extensional rheometer with the thermoplastic elastomer blends: Ibuflex-SEH and Santoprene. The extensional viscosity data obtained were comparable with those of elastomer modified PVC, PE and PS. After the transient stage Ibuflex-SEH shows a steady-state flow behaviour, whereas the extensional viscosity of Santoprene as a function of time increases monotonically without reaching a stationary state. The causes for these differences were discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe eines einfachen Dehnrheometers wurden Dehnfließversuche mit thermoplastischen Kautschukblends (Ibuflex-SEH und Santoprene) durchgeführt. Die auf diese Weise erhaltenen Dehnviskositätsdaten wurden mit den von kautschukmodifizierten Thermoplasten (PVC, PE und PS) verglichen. Nach der Anlaufphase zeigt Ibuflex-SEH ein stationäres Fließverhalten, während die Dehnviskosität von Santoprene als Funktion der Zeit monoton ansteigt, ohne einen stationären Zustand zu erreichen. Die Ursachen des Unterschieds im Fließverhalten der untersuchten Polymermaterialien wurden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 70 (1978), S. 9-30 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein Überblick über Darstellung und Charakterisierung von flüssigen Polybutadienen und Polyisoprenen mit OH-Endgruppen wird gegeben. Derartige Telechele stellen mögliche Alternativbausteine für Polyurethane dar. Zunächst werden die Voraussetzungen, die man an solche Vorprodukte stellen muß, zusammengefaßt. Danach werden ausgewählte Darstellungswege aus der neueren Literatur und aus eigenen Erfahrungen diskutiert. Die Charakterisierung umfaßt neuere Methoden zur Endgruppenbestimmung sowie Probleme der Funktionalitätsermittlung und der Fraktionierung. Trotz des auf Teilgebieten erzielten Fortschritts werden hervorragende Eigenschaften, z. B. von rußverstärkten Polyurethanen nur selten berichtet, und der großtechnische Einsatz solcher Oligomerer für Hochqualitätsprodukte erscheint zur Zeit noch etwas unsicher.
    Notes: An overview is given on the preparation and characterization of hydroxyl terminated liquid polybutadienes and polyisoprenes which are potential alternative backbones for polyurethanes. After stating the requirements for such precursors, selected routes to their production are discussed, taken from more recent literature and from own experience. Characterization encompasses new methods of end group determination, problems of functionality and fractionation. In spite of the progress achieved in various aspects, outstanding properties of e.g. carbon black-filled polyurethanes have been reported rarely and on a larger scale commercial realization of such oligomers for high quality products seems somewhat uncertain at the moment.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The shear deformation which a rubber compound undergoes when passing through a mill nip was calculated. For this purpose the pressure distribution was measured using a strain gauge mounted in the table of a RAPRA micro-mill. The method has been applied to black-loaded master batches of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber, where the shear deformation was estimated as a function of the mill nip opening. Furthermore, the physical properties of a latex-mixed powder vulcanizate was measured as a function of the estimated shear deformation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: The Construction Industry Council (CIC) Zero-Carbon Building is a net zero-carbon building that was designed for local hot and humid climate of sub-tropical Hong Kong. Over 80 sustainability features of the architecture and building systems have considered the life-cycle carbon emissions, including the embodied carbon of construction materials, emissions associated with the construction process, the 50-years of operation and decommission of the building. The total life-cycle carbon emission was off-set by on-site renewable energy generated by photovoltaics (PV) and bio-diesel combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) system. To optimise the design, a series of climate-responsive strategies on passive architecture were applied to the construction of the building. These include the high-performance facade, effective air tightness and optimised window design that allows the application of natural ventilation and daylighting. Reduction of 20% energy demand was achieved by these passive designs. To further lower the carbon emission on operation, energy-efficient air-conditioning (A/C) systems using desiccant dehumidification, underfloor air supply and radiant cooling have also contributed on achieving an ultralow energy use value. Amalgamated saving of these passive and active systems are over 45% when compared with the design per existing local building energy codes.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-04-03
    Description: Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV) was isolated in acidic hot springs where it infects the archeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. We determined the STIV structure using near-atomic resolution electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography allowing tracing of structural polypeptide chains and visualization of transmembrane proteins embedded in the viral membrane. We propose that...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
  • 9
    Publication Date: 1976-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-4620
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2067
    Topics: Computer Science
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