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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Dordrecht [u.a.] : Reidel
    Associated volumes
    Call number: G 7757 ; 4/G 7723
    In: NATO ASI series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXVII, 296 S. : graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9027708665
    Series Statement: NATO ASI series : C, Mathematical and physical sciences 36
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Call number: G 7725 ; 4/G 7838
    In: NATO ASI series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 444 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9027708673
    Series Statement: NATO ASI series : C, Mathematical and physical sciences 37
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Petrographic, minerochemical, and geothermobarometric data are reported for a suite of 19 spinel-lherzolite pargasite xenoliths hosted in a Quaternary basanitic lava flow from 20 the North-Western Ethiopian Plateau (Injibara, Lake Tana Province). Protogranular to 21 porphyroclastic (deformed) rocks show evidence of a modal metasomatism, represented 22 by a Cl-rich pargasitic amphibole, coupled with criptic enrichment in Fe and Al. 23 Equigranular rocks (granular) record a further cryptic metasomatism, represented by 24 enrichment in Fe, Al, Na, and depletion in Ni, Cr and Cl. Some xenoliths (transitional) 25 show intermediate textural and compositional characters, indicating that the granular 26 samples represent an evolution of the deformed ones. All xenoliths give the same P–T 27 equilibration conditions for Opx-Cpx pairs (947–1015 C and 1.3–2 GPa), but in 28 granular samples, recrystallised olivine and spinel record T about 100 C higher. Two 29 distinct metasomatic processes, probably connected with the emplacement of the Afar plume, are proposed. The first one is a pervasive modal metasomatism produced by 2 water-rich fluids. The latter is a non-pervasive cryptic metasomatism, probably con- 3 nected to migration of melts. The comparison among the mantle beneath the Ethiopi- 4 an Volcanic Plateau, the southern Main Ethiopian Rift and the central Main Ethiopian 5 Rift suggests a spatial heterogeneity in mantle processes, during asthenospheric 6 upwelling.
    Description: In press
    Description: 1–32
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: lithosphere ; Ethiopian ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Petrographic, minerochemical, and geothermobarometric data are reported for a suite of spinel-lherzolite pargasite xenoliths hosted in a Quaternary basanitic lava flow from the North-Western Ethiopian Plateau (Injibara, Lake Tana Province). Protogranular to porphyroclastic (deformed) rocks show evidence of a modal metasomatism, represented by a Cl-rich pargasitic amphibole, coupled with cryptic enrichment in Fe and Al. Equigranular rocks (granular) record a further cryptic metasomatism, represented by enrichment in Fe, Al, Na, and depletion in Ni, Cr and Cl. Some xenoliths (transitional) show intermediate textural and compositional characters, indicating that the granular samples represent an evolution of the deformed ones. All xenoliths give the same P–T equilibration conditions for Opx-Cpx pairs (947–1015 C and 1.3–2.0 GPa), but in granular samples, recrystallised olivine and spinel record T about 100 C higher. Two distinct metasomatic processes, probably connected with the emplacement of the Afar plume, are proposed. The first one is a pervasive modal metasomatism produced by water-rich fluids. The latter is a non-pervasive cryptic metasomatism, probably connected to migration of melts. The comparison the mantle beneath the Ethiopian Volcanic Plateau, the southern Main Ethiopian Rift and the central Main Ethiopian Rift suggests spatial heterogeneity of the mantle and variable mantle processes during asthenospheric upwelling.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47-78
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: lithosphere ; peridotite xenoliths ; Ethiopian Volcanic Plateau ; Metasomatism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Válencia Trog in Nordost-Spanien stellt eine noch wenig verstandene Region mit känozoischen Extensions-bezogenern Magmatismus in Westeuropa dar. Wir geben hier chemische Daten über mafische Xenolithe und ihre basaltischen Muttergesteine aus dem Roca Negra Kegei in der vulkanischen Zone von Catalan im Valencia Trog. Die Xenolithe bestehen aus Augit+Hornblende+Oxiden±Plagioklas±Apatit±Olivin±Biotit±Orthopyroxen und reichen in ihrer Zusammensetzung von Klinopyroxeniten und Homblenditen his zu gabbroischen Gesteinen. Die Haupt- und Spurenelementzusammensetzung der Xenolithe entspricht einer Kumulatbildung aus Olivin-tholéitischen bis stark alkalischen Magmen and zeigt eine deutliche Affinität mit dem mittelmiozanen bis rezenten Rift-bezogenen Magmatismus in der vulkanischen Zone von Catalan. Die Xenolithe bildeten sich bei Temperaturen von 1.110 bis 1.180 °C und bei Drucken von 2–7 kb (mit 10 kb als Obergrenze) und bei Sauerstoff-Fugazitäten, die 1 bis 2 log Einheiten über dem NNO Sauerstoff-Puffer liegen. Die abgeschätzten Drucke weisen auf Bildung in Magmakammern innerhalb der Kruste bin, womölich auch in der Nähe der Kruste-Mantelgrenze (Underplating). Das Vorkommen von krustalen Kumulaten zeigt, daß das gesamte Volumen von Magma, das in die Kruste der vulkanischen Zone von Catalan eingedrungen ist, wesentlich größer ist als das, das man aus Oberflächen-Ausbissen entnehmen k6nnte. Die Isotopen-Zusammensetzung der Xenolithe sind87Sr/86Sr: 0.703537–0.703647,143Nd/144Nd: 0.512732–0.512766,206Pb/204 Pb: 18.097–19.106,207Pb/204Pb: 15.522–15.579, and208Pb/204Pb: 37.850–38.794. Dies läßt erkennen, daß es sich bier um zwei verschiedene Mantel-Quellen handelt. Eine davon könnte die Niedrig-Geschwindigkeitskomponente sein, die man in känozoiscben Magmatiten des östlichen Atlantischen Ozeans, sowie in Zentraleuropa und im westlichen Mittelmeer erkannt hat. Die andere Komponete unterscheidet sich von jenen, die in anderen Bereichen von känozoischem Vulkanismus in Europa und benachbarten Gebieten vorkommen. Sie könnte im lithosphärischen Mantel unterhalb von Nordost-Spanien liegen, der während der variszischen bis zur frühalpidischen Deformation metasomatisch beeinflußt wurde.
    Notes: Summary The Válencia Trough of northeastern Spain represents a poorly understood region of Cenozoic extension-related magmatism in western Europe. We present chemical data on mafic xenoliths and their host basalt from the Roca Negra cinder cone in the Catalán Volcanic Zone in the Válencia Trough. The xenoliths consist of augite+hornblende+ oxides±plagioclase±apatite±olivine::Lbiotitelorthopyroxene, and range from clinopyroxenites and hornblendites to gabbroic rocks. The major and trace element compositions of the xenoliths are compatible with formation as cumulates from a range of olivine tholeiitic to strongly alkaline magmas, and show a strong affinity to the Middle Miocene to Recent rift-related magmatism in the Cátalan Volcanic Zone. The xenoliths formed at temperatures of 1110–1180 °C, pressures of 2–7 kb (with 10 kb as the upper limit), and oxygen fugacities corresponding to 1–2 log units above the NNO oxygen buffer. The estimated pressure range implies formation in magma chambers within the crust, possibly also near the crust/mantle boundary (underplating). The presence of crustal cumulates indicates that the total volume of magmas emplaced into the crust in the Cátalan Volcanic Zone may be significantly larger than indicated by surface exposures. Isotopic compositions of the xenoliths are87Sr/86Sr: 0.703537–0.703647,143Nd/144Nd: 0.512732–0.512766,206Pb/204Pb: 18.097–19.106,207Pb/204Pb: 15.522–15.579, and208Pb/204Pb: 37.850–38.794. This range suggests the involvement of two mantle source components. One of these may be the low-velocity component recognized in Cenozoic magmatism in the eastern Atlantic Ocean to central Europe and western Mediterranean. The other component, which differs from those involved in other domains of Cenozoic volcanism in Europe and adjacent areas, may be located in the lithospheric mantle underlying NE Spain, which was metasomatized during late Variscan to early Alpine deformation.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 98 (1988), S. 184-193 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Olivine clinopyroxenite xenoliths in a basalt flow at Krokskogen in the Oslo rift consist mainly of Al-Ti-rich clinopyroxene and alteration products after olivine (possibly also orthopyroxene). The clinopyroxene contains primary inclusions of Cr-Al-bearing titanomagnetite, pyrite and devitrified glass, and secondary fluid inclusions rich in CO2. On the basis of petrography, mineral compositions and bulk major and trace element chemistry, it is concluded that the xenoliths represent cumulates with about 5% trapped liquid, formed from a mildly alkaline basaltic magma. Microthermometrical analysis of secondary or pseudosecondary fluid inclusions give a minimum pressure of formation of 5.5 to 6 kbars, that is a depth greater than 16–17 km. The host lava has initial ɛ Nd=+4.16±0.17 and ɛ Sr=−5.50±0.26, which is believed to reflect the isotopic composition of the lithospheric mantle source region under south Norway in early Permian time. The isotopic character of the magma which gave rise to the xenoliths is preserved in clinopyroxenes which have ɛ Nd t =+1.9 to +2.6 and ɛ Sr t = −1.1 to −1.8. The isotopic differences between the host magma and the xenoliths reflect some degree of crustal contamination of the xenolith's parent magma. The xenoliths of this study represent an important source of information about the large masses of dense cumulates found at depth in the crust under the Oslo rift.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 119 (1995), S. 239-246 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  We present here Sr, Nd, and Pb-isotopic data from harzburgite (group I) and dunite–pyroxenite (group II) suite mantle xenoliths from the island of Hierro, one of the youngest and westernmost of the Canary Islands. A progressive leaching technique has been developed and applied to the whole-rock powder samples in order to identify and remove as far as possible any recent additions (host basalt and/or seawater). Isotopic analyses of the leached residues show significant systematic differences between these two suites. Dunite–pyroxenite suite xenoliths (olivine pyroxenites, dunites and wehrlites) exhibit a relatively small range of isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr from 0.70292 to 0.70315; 143Nd/144Nd from 0.51295 to 0.51302; 206Pb/204Pb from 19.18 to 19.40) compared to the harzburgite suite (87Sr/86Sr from 0.70295 to 0.70320; 143Nd/144Nd from 0.51285 to 0.51296; 206Pb/204Pb from 18.85 to 19.41). In all isotope correlation diagrams the leached dunite–pyroxenite suite xenoliths plot between the Hierro basalt field and a hypothetical depleted mantle suggesting that these xenoliths may have been strongly infiltrated by Hierro-type basalt. Progressive leaching of this suite of samples showed removal of a component with more enriched Sr (higher 87Sr/86Sr relative to depleted mantle) and Nd (lower 143Nd/144Nd) isotopic compositions that is probably host basalt glass. The leached harzburgite suite xenoliths extend to more enriched Sr and Nd isotopic compositions than Hierro-type basalt but always have more depleted Pb. This relationship can best be explained if this suite has been subject to infiltration by earlier magmas of the Canary Island suite (in particular, those from Gran Canaria show appropriate compositional ranges), although additional infiltration by Hierro basalt cannot be ruled out. The leaching experiments for this suite mostly show removal of a radiogenic Sr component only (? seawater) which supports the interpretation of early infiltration and subsequent recrystallisation and equilibration prior to the Hierro event. Isotopic data presented in this study show that complex interaction with percolating basaltic melts of varying composition was occurring in the upper mantle beneath Hierro prior to and during the volcanic event and was probably related to the generation of earlier Canary Island magmas.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 119 (1995), S. 239-246 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We present here Sr, Nd, and Pb-isotopic data from harzburgite (group I) and dunite-pyroxenite (group II) suite mantle xenoliths from the island of Hierro, one of the youngest and westernmost of the Canary Islands. A progressive leaching technique has been developed and applied to the whole-rock powder samples in order to identify and remove as far as possible any recent additions (host basalt and/or sea-water). Isotopic analyses of the leached residues show significant systematic differences between these two suites. Dunite-pyroxenite suite xenoliths (olivine pyroxenites, dunites and wehrlites) exhibit a relatively small range of isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr from 0.70292 to 0.70315; 143Nd/144Nd from 0.51295 to 0.51302; 206Pb/204Pb from 19.18 to 19.40) compared to the harzburgite suite (87Sr/86Sr from 0.70295 to 0.70320; 143Nd/144Nd from 0.51285 to 0.51296; 206Pb/204Pb from 18.85 to 19.41). In all isotope correlation diagrams the leached dunite-pyroxenite suite xenoliths plot between the Hierro basalt field and a hypothetical depleted mantle suggesting that these xenoliths may have been strongly infiltrated by Hierro-type basalt. Progressive leaching of this suite of samples showed removal of a component with more enriched Sr (higher 87Sr/86Sr relative to depleted mantle) and Nd (lower 143Nd/144Nd) isotopic compositions that is probably host basalt glass. The leached harzburgite suite xenoliths extend to more enriched Sr and Nd isotopic compositions than Hierro-type basalt but always have more depleted Pb. This relationship can best be explained if this suite has been subject to infiltration by earlier magmas of the Canary Island suite (in particular, those from Gran Canaria show appropriate compositional ranges), although additional infiltration by Hierro basalt cannot be ruled out. The leaching experiments for this suite mostly show removal of a radiogenic Sr component only (? seawater) which supports the interpretation of early infiltration and subsequent recrystallisation and equilibration prior to the Hierro event. Isotopic data presented in this study show that complex interaction with percolating basaltic melts of varying composition was occurring in the upper mantle beneath Hierro prior to and during the volcanic event and was probably related to the generation of earlier Canary Island magmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 120 (1995), S. 20-28 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Fluid inclusions, ranging from pure N2 to pure CO2, occur in olivine porphyroclasts in spinel dunite xenoliths (chrome-diopside suite) from two localities within the Quaternary to Historic alkaline lavas of Lanzarote, Canary Islands. This is the first report of fluid inclusions containing major amounts of N2 in mantle xenoliths. The nitrogen-rich fluid inclusions predate at least one generation of nitrogen-free carbon dioxide inclusions; textural evidence indicates that the inclusions were trapped within the upper mantle. Some of the nitrogen-rich fluid inclusions are intimately associated with solid inclusions of spinel. The nitrogen-rich fluid was most likely produced in-situ, by oxidation-dehydration reactions destabilizing ammonium-bearing silicate minerals (phlogopite, amphibole), increasing oxygen fugacity or, possibly, increasing temperature of the mantle. This process could be related to an event of CO2 and silicate melt injection at 6–8 kbar (Neumann et al., in press), or to some earlier event in the evolution of the mantle beneath Lanzarote. The existence of a N2-rich fluid phase in at least some mantle lithology(ies) at certain conditions is demonstrated by these data. This discovery has consequences for the understanding of the evolution of the mantle below the Canary Islands, as well as for the global nitrogen budget.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Mantle xenoliths hosted by the historic Volcan de San Antonio, La Palma, Canary Islands include veined spinel harzburgites and spinel dunites. Glasses and associated minerals in the vein system of veined xenoliths show a gradual transition in composition from broad veins to narrow veinlets. Broad veins contain alkali basaltic glass with semi-linear trace element patterns enriched in strongly incompatible elements. As the veins become narrower, the SiO2-contents in glass increase (46 → 67 wt% SiO2 in harzburgite, 43 → 58 wt% in dunite) and the trace element patterns change gradually to concave patterns depleted in moderately incompatible elements (e.g. HREE, Zr, Ti) relative to highly incompatible ones. The highest SiO2-contents (ca. 68% SiO2, low Ti-Fe-Mg-Ca-contents) and most extreme concave trace element patterns are exhibited by glass in unveined peridotite xenoliths. Clinopyroxenes shift from LREE-enriched augites in basaltic glass, to REE-depleted Cr-diopside in highly silicic glass. Estimates indicate that the most silicic glasses represent melts in, or near, equilibrium with their host peridotites. The observed trace element changes are compatible with formation of the silicic melts by processes involving infiltration of basaltic melts into mantle peridotite followed by reactions and crystallization. The Fe-Mg interdiffusion profiles in olivine porphyroclasts adjacent to the veins indicate a minimum period of diffusion of 600 years, implying that the reaction processes have taken place in situ in the upper mantle. The CaO-TiO2-La/Nd relationships of mantle rocks may be used to discriminate between metasomatism caused by carbonatitic and silicic melts. Unveined mantle xenoliths from La Palma and Hierro (Canary Islands) show a wide range in La/Nd ratios with relatively constant, low-CaO contents which is compatible with metasomatism of “normal” abyssal peridotite by silicic melts. Peridotite xenoliths from Tenerife show somewhat higher CaO and TiO2 contents than those from the other islands and may have been affected by basaltic or carbonatitic melts. The observed trace element signatures of ultramafic xenoliths from La Palma and other Canary Islands may be accounted for by addition of small amounts (1–7%) of highly silicic melt to unmetasomatized peridotite. Also ultramafic xenoliths from other localities, e.g. eastern Australia, show CaO-TiO2-La/Nd relationships compatible with metasomatism by silicic melts. These results suggest that silicic melts may represent important metasomatic agents.
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