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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elucidating the Population Histories and Transmission Dynamics of Papillomaviruses Using Phylogenetic Trees (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 44 (1997), S. 199 -206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Papillomaviruses — Phylogeny — Molecular clock — Population history — Transmission dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Using gene genealogies constructed from gene sequence data, we show that both the mucosal and cutaneous papillomaviruses (PV)—supergroups A and B—appear to have been transmitted through susceptible populations faster than exponentially. The data and methods involved (1) examining the PV database for phylogenetic signal in an L1 open reading frame (ORF) fragment and an E1 ORF segment, (2) demonstrating that the same two fragments have evolved in a way consistent with a molecular clock, and (3) applying methods of phylogenetic tree analysis that test different scenarios for the dynamics of viral transmission within populations. The results indicate increases in PV populations of both supergroups A and B in the recent past. This form of the increases, which fit a null model of population growth with an exponent increasing in time, is compatible with the fact that human populations have grown at a faster than exponential rate, thus increasing the numbers of susceptible hosts for HPVs. There are, however, indications that the population of supergroup A has now stopped increasing in size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006136
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The maintenance of strain structure in populations of recombining infectious agents (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 2 (1996), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Using mathematical models that combine population genetic and epidemiological processes, we resolve the paradox that many important pathogens appear to persist as discrete strains despite the constant exchange of genetic material. We show that dominant polymorphic determinants (that is, those that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0496-437
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How populations persist (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 367 (1994), S. 123-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - How much suitable habitat or resources does a population require to persist or, to put it another way, what is the eradication threshold of the population? According to one approach first developed in epidemiology1, the simplest estimate of the eradication threshold of a disease ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/367123b0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between abundance and body size in British birds (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 351 (1991), S. 312-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As our measure of abundance, we used the numbers of breed-ing pairs published by the British Trust for Ornithology17 (BTO) for 147 species of British breeding birds. The BTO lists the abundances in Britain (estimated in a variety of ways17) of 228 species, from which we have eliminated occasional ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/351312a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deleterious mutation and genetic recombination (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 331 (1988), S. 308-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR—;There are two theories of the evolution and maintenance of genetic recombination that invoke deleterious mutation: the mutation-load theory of Kondrashov', and Muller's ratchet2. Because of the ubiquity of deleterious mutation, these theories may deserve the serious attention of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331308a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysenko took a dismal view of Malthus (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 397 (1999), S. 13-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir The rejection of modern genetics by Stalin's biologist Trofim Lysenko is well known. Less well known is that he also rejected Thomas Malthus's insights into population biology which are so central to Darwinism. Roger Short notes the hostility of Marx and Engels to the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/16128
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial evolution (Communication arising) Antitoxin vaccines and pathogen virulence (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 417 (2002), S. 610-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Gandon et al. reply Soubeyrand and Plotkin question our contention that antitoxin vaccines may select for greater pathogen virulence, arguing that this has not been borne out in real-life cases of diphtheria and pertussis, in which the widespread use of antitoxin vaccines ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/417610a
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imperfect vaccines and the evolution of pathogen virulence (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 414 (2001), S. 751-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Vaccines rarely provide full protection from disease. Nevertheless, partially effective (imperfect) vaccines may be used to protect both individuals and whole populations. We studied the potential impact of different types of imperfect vaccines on the evolution of pathogen virulence (induced ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/414751a
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Body size and biodiversity (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 380 (1996), S. 672-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is easy to be both enchanted, and bewil-dered, by the diversity of life on Earth. An obvious reaction is to concentrate upon the particular, as natural historians have done for generations. But doing good natural history is only one component of doing good science. Ecologists need to discover ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/380672a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The species alias problem (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 378 (1995), S. 447-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] How many living species have been named and recorded? We do not know. For most groups, the information exists in scattered databases, much of it still on file cards. Estimates of the total run at around 1.7-1.8 million12. But this count is inflated by synonyms: single species that have been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/378447a0
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