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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes to investigate the distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria in estuarine sediments (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 36 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The distribution of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) in three anaerobic sediments, one predominantly freshwater and low sulphate and two predominantly marine and high sulphate, on the River Tama, Tokyo, Japan, was investigated using 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Hybridisation results and sulphate reduction measurements indicated that SRBs are a minor part of the bacterial population in the freshwater sediments. Only Desulfobulbus and Desulfobacterium were detected, representing 1.6% of the general bacterial probe signal. In contrast, the SRB community detected at the two marine-dominated sites was larger and more diverse, representing 10–11.4% of the bacterial signal and with Desulfobacter, Desulfovibrio, Desulfobulbus and Desulfobacterium detected. In contrast to previous reports our results suggest that Desulfovibrio may not always be the most abundant SRB in anaerobic sediments. Acetate-utilising Desulfobacter were the dominant SRB in the marine-dominated sediments, and Desulfobulbus and Desulfobacterium were active in low-sulphate sediments, where they may utilise electron acceptors other than sulphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00836.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes to investigate the occurrence and selection of sulfate-reducing bacteria in response to nutrient addition to sediment slurry microcosms from a Japanese estuary (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The structures of prokaryotic communities are difficult to elucidate because of the apparent inability to culture most of the indigenous microorganisms. Here we report the use of 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes to study changes in and the identities of sulfate-reducing bacterial populations present in enriched slurry microcosms from a predominantly freshwater and a predominantly marine site from the River Tama, Tokyo, Japan. Significant enrichment of signals from different oligonucleotide probes, designed to target cultured members of several SRB genera, were observed in amended slurries. Signal from a probe designed to detect Desulfobulbus spp. gave an increased response on propionate addition to slurries from both sites. The response to a probe designed to detect Desulfobacter was increased by acetate addition to slurries from the marine site. Response to a wide specificity probe also increased suggesting that uncharacterised groups were also enriched at the marine site. Our data suggest that Desulfobulbus may be an important propionate utiliser in the estuary, while Desulfobacter is responsible for acetate utilisation at the marine site. These results are compatible with the known physiology of Desulfobulbus and Desulfobacter and provide strong support for the use of oligonucleotide probes in the study of microbial communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00439.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process measurement and phylogenetic analysis of the sulfate reducing bacterial communities of two contrasting benthic sites in the upper estuary of the Great Ouse, Norfolk, UK (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Seasonal measurements of sedimentary sulfate reduction at a freshwater site (site 1) and a brackish/marine site (site 4) in the upper estuary of the Great Ouse, Norfolk, UK revealed very similar integrated annual rates of sulfate reduction: 5.3 and 3.7 mol sulfate m−2 year−1, respectively, but two distinctly different seasonal cycles. At site 4 sulfate reduction followed a seasonal pattern with summer maxima and winter minima, suggesting temperature dependence, but in contrast at site 1 there was no distinct seasonal cycle. Use of 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes to investigate the active sulfate reducing bacterial (SRB) populations suggested that populations of SRB remained relatively constant at site 4 throughout the year. However, at site 1 distinct peaks in signal from a Desulfovibrio spp.-targeted probe were measured which corresponded with peaks in sulfate reduction activity. In addition, sedimentary profiles suggested that both sulfate reduction activity and active SRB populations peaked at 0–5 cm into the sediment at site 1 but deeper into the sediment at 9–10 cm at site 4. The results indicate that SRB population dynamics are more complex than process measurements would suggest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00450.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of chlorate as a selective inhibitor to distinguish membrane-bound nitrate reductase (Nar) and periplasmic nitrate reductase (Nap) of dissimilative nitrate reducing bacteria in sediment (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 48 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The use of chlorate as a selective inhibitor of dissimilative nitrate reduction was studied using pure cultures of Comamonas testosteroni (a denitrifier) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (a nitrate-ammonifier) isolated from estuarine sediment, and in sediment slurry. Pure culture experiments demonstrated that chlorate selectively inhibited membrane-bound nitrate reductase (Nar) activity, probably by blocking nitrate transporters (NarK). Sediment slurry experiments showed that chlorate inhibited nitrate reduction and N2O formation, but did not inhibit nitrite reduction and its N2O formation, indicating that chlorate selectively inhibited only the first step of nitrate reduction. Chlorite chemically oxidized nitrite to nitrate and could not be used as a selective inhibitor of nitrite metabolism, although chlorite apparently selectively inhibited formation of N2O from nitrite. Chlorate can be used as a specific inhibitor to distinguish between nitrate reduction by Nap or Nar in natural communities of microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.02.010
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the molecular diversity of the methanogenic community at the brackish and marine ends of a UK estuary (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The 16S rRNA sequence diversity of the euryarchaeal community in a predominately freshwater sediment at East Hill Bridge (EHB) on the River Colne estuary, Essex, UK was investigated and compared to that from marine sediments at the mouth of the river (Colne Point). The East Hill Bridge sediments appear to support the full range of methanogen phenotypes with some genotypes similar to those previously detected at Colne Point. However, no Marine Benthic Group D or halophilic archaeal genotypes, both abundant in gene libraries at Colne Point, were detected at East Hill Bridge. Clones related to Methanosarcina and Methanocorpusculum were detected only at East Hill Bridge while clones closely related to Methanoculleus and Methanococcoides were detected only at Colne Point. The most common clones in the East Hill Bridge library were closely related to the obligate acetate-utilising Methanosaeta concilii, suggesting they may be important methanogens in these sediments. Clones that group closely with M. concilii appear to be ubiquitous in freshwater sediments and we suggest that they are prime candidates for a globally important acetoclastic methanogenic group. The distribution of clones in the East Hill Bridge and Colne Point libraries implies that certain methanogen groups are generalists, adapted to the range of conditions within an estuarine environment (e.g. Methanogenium) while others are more specialist (e.g. Methanosaeta).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00902.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Existence of different pools of fatty acids in anaerobic model ecosystems and their availability to microbial metabolism (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 31 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Examination of the culture fluid from model anaerobic communities in multiple-vessel chemostats showed that the most abundant organic intermediate products of substrate breakdown, acetate and propionate, existed in 3 distinct pools. Radiotracers, [14C]acetate or [14C]propionate, equilibrated between a free pool which was extracted by ether, an adsorbed or complexed pool which was only partly extracted by ether, and a third small pool which was not extracted. A microbiological assay demonstrated that the free pool was available to metabolism by bacteria, the second pool was slowly metabolised, but the third unextractable pool was refractile and not available to metabolism. These results were compared to the situation in the sediment environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01142.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of turnover of C2-C4 fatty acids in high-sulphate and low-sulphate anaerobic sediments (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 17 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00382.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and pool sizes of microbially available carbon in sediment measured by a microbiological assay (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 45 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A microbiological assay technique with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to measure the concentrations (pool sizes) of microbially available carbon in the pore water and in aqueous extracts of sediments from a salt marsh pan and from the salt marsh flat. Total organic carbon in the pan sediment increased with depth due to compaction, but available carbon was greatest in the pan sediment at the sediment/water interface and decreased rapidly with depth. In the sediment from the flat the available carbon was relatively constant in the top 0–3 cm encompassing the root zone, and only decreased below this depth. Available carbon varied from 0.5–1.0% of total organic carbon in the surface 0–3 cm of sediment, to 〈0.2% at depths greater than 10 cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02337.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane emission and methane oxidation in land-fill cover soil (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 102 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The vertical profiles of methane and oxygen concentrations were measured in the cover soil at four sites in a restored and covered landfill. At sites 2 and 3 within the landfill area methane was detectable even to the soil surface and emission of methane occured at these two sites. Measured methane emission rates varied seasonally and appeared to be most influenced by soil water content. On an annual basis methane emissions at these two sites were 495 and 909 mol methane m−2 y−1, respectively. At sites 1 and 4 methane was detected in the cover soil but was not present in the immediate subsurface layer, and emission of methane did not occur. Oxidation of methane by bacteria within the soil profile at these two sites appeared to prevent methane emission from the surface.A methane-oxidising microflora had been enriched in the soils of all four landfill sites, as shown by counts of methanotrophs and methylotrophs garden soil not subjected to elevated methane. Counts of methanotrophs and methylotrophs were generally higher in those soil strata where methane concentrations were greatest.Methane oxidation rates were maximum at soil depths where gradients of methane and oxygen overlapped, usually 10–30 cm depth. The depth integrated rates of methane oxidation were very high at sites 2 and 3, the sites also where methane was emitted from the soil surface. A maximum oxidation rate of 450 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1 was measured at site 3.The data suggested that the microflora in the soil above landfill adapted to the presence of elevated methane concentrations by selection of a more methanotrophic community which was able to rapidly oxidise methane. Optimisation of microbial oxidation of methane by bacteria in landfill cover soil may provide a cheap management strategy to minimise the emissions of methane to the atmosphere from landfill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb05809.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen as a substrate for methanogenesis and sulphate reduction in anaerobic saltmarsh sediment (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 117 (1978), S. 93-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Desulfovibrio ; Methanogenesis ; Sulphate reduction ; Marine sediments ; Hydrogen transfer ; Inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrogen gas stimulated sulphate reduction in a saltmarsh sediment and the importance of H2 transferred from organotrophic bacteria to the sulphate-reducers is discussed. β-fluorolactate inhibited sulphate reduction whether lactate, ethanol or hydrogen was being used as growth substrate. When added to sediment β-fluorolactate inhibited sulphate reduction with a consequent increase in methane production. Addition of H2 stimulated methanogenesis in sediment and this stimulation was greater if CO2 was also present. Hydrogen availability was the primary limitation of methanogenesis but the low concentration of dissolved CO2 in seawater may limit methane production even if H2 is available. The removal of inhibition of methanogenesis by the use of fluorolactate to suppress sulphate reduction or by the provision of hydrogen indicates competitive inhibition of methanogens by sulphate reducers utilizing transferred hydrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689357
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