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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Representation of discrete faults at reservoir scale in numerical modelling is a sophisticated task, since discretization has to be in agreement with grid convergence criteria of the numerical simulator applied. An accurate spatial representation of faults and fractures in dynamic flow simulations is essential for an assessment of fluid flow in faults. In the context of the present study the Virtual Element concept for discrete fault integration into regional-scale dynamic models was developed taking into account variable fault geometries without modifying the initial gridding scheme. Coupled multi-phase flow simulations were successfully undertaken to validate the implementation of the developed concept.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 2
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    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 15, EGU2013-6089, 2013
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Discrete fault representation at reservoir level in flow and transport modelling is generally a complex task, since a suitable refined spatial fault discretization is required conforming to grid convergence criteria of the chosen numerical simulator. Within the scope of the present study a concept for discrete fault integration into reservoirscale dynamic models was developed taking into account variable fault geometries without modification of the initial gridding scheme.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Die geologische Speicherung von Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) in tiefen salinen Aquiferen kann durch Migration von verdrängtem Salzwasser aus der Speicherformation zur Versalzung von oberflächennahen Süßwasserreserven führen. Hydraulisch leitfähige Störungen können hierbei als bevorzugte Leckagepfade für den aufwärtsgerichteten Salzwasserfluss dienen. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde daher untersucht, in welchem Maße eine Salzwasser-migration über permeable Störungen als Folge einer CO2-Speicherung den Salzgehalt in Formationen oberhalb der Speicherformation beeinflusst. Basierend auf strukturgeologischen Daten eines potenziellen CO2-Speicherstandortes im Nordosten Deutschlands1, wurde ein statisches 3D-Modell mit einer Größe von 42 km x 42 km und Gesamtmächtigkeit von 766 m erstellt. Für die Durchführung von großskaligen numerischen Mehrphasen-Mehrkomponenten- (CO2, NaCl, H2O) Simulationen wurde der Reservoirsimulator TOUGH2-MP/ECO2N (Zhang et al., 2008) auf einem Hochleistungsrechner verwendet. Die diskrete Beschreibung der Störungen erfolgt durch die Implementierung von virtuellen Elementen in das Modellgitter, die eine separate und beliebige Störungsparametrisierung erlauben (TILLNER et al., 2013). Der potenzielle Speicherstandort liegt im Nordostdeutschen Becken und ist Teil einer durch salztektonische Prozesse entstandenen Antiklinalstruktur, die durch einen mehrschichtigen Grundwasserleiter geprägt ist. Die Modellgrenzen im NE und SW des Untersuchungsgebietes werden durch die Fürstenwalde Gubener und die Lausitzer Störungszone begrenzt, die im Modellgebiet durch vier, jeweils 20 m mächtige diskrete Störungen beschrieben werden. Daneben wurden vier Grundwasserleiter zur Untersuchung einer potenziellen Salzwasser-migration über die vier Störungen in das Modell integriert (s. Abbildung). Die Injektion von 1,7 Mt/CO2 pro Jahr erfolgte im Modell direkt in den Top der Antiklinale der untersten Formation, über einen Gesamtzeitraum von 20 Jahren. Neben variablen Störungspermeabilitäten wurden unterschiedliche Randbedingungen untersucht, um den Effekt einer möglichen Reservoirkompartmentalisierung auf Druckanstieg und Salzwassermigration zu bestimmen. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass lateral geschlossene Modellränder in den unteren Grundwasserleitern (Detfurth- und Hardegsen-Formationen) und vier hoch permeable Störungen (〉 1.000 mD) den höchsten Anstieg der Salinität im obersten Grundwasserleiter (Stuttgart Formation) von 0,24 % (407 mg/l) nach 20 Jahren Injektionszeit zur Folge haben. Geringere Änderungen der Salinität in der Stuttgart-Formation wurden entsprechend bei geschlossenen Randbedingungen und nur einer permeablen Störung beobachtet. Entgegen der Erwartung hat die Störungspermeablität keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf den Salinitätsanstieg in der Stuttgart Formation. Diese steigt nach 20 Jahren Injektionszeit um 0,04 % (75 mg/l) bei einer Störungspermeablität von 1.000 mD und um 0,06 % (96 mg/l) bei einer Störungspermeablität von 10.000 mD. Unter Berücksichtigung der Modellierungsergebnisse, wird eine Versalzung oberflächennaher Grundwasserresourcen im Untersuchungsgebiet im Nordostdeutschen Becken als unwahrscheinlich angesehen.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Upward brine migration as a result of CO2 injection into a saline aquifer could endanger freshwater resources, especially in faulted reservoirs. The present study determines the impact of pressure increase and fault permeability on brine displacement processes to assess potential freshwater salinization. For that purpose, different fault leakage scenarios were carried out by numerical modelling of a prospective storage site in Northeast Germany using a newly developed workflow that includes the grid transfer from the geological model generated with the applied pre-processing software Petrel to the reservoir simulator TOUGH2 and the implementation of virtual elements for the discrete description of fault zones. The results show that compartmentalization due to closed boundaries and faults cause the highest pressurization within the storage formation. Closed boundaries generally lead to higher brine migration rates especially if a number of permeable faults is present, whereas the permeability of fault zones only has a minor impact and does not influence salinization of shallower aquifers significantly. Although the salinity in shallower aquifers increases more sharply in the vicinity of the faults, with an average salinity increase by a maximum of 0.24%, the risk of freshwater salinization is estimated as low under the given circumstances for the potential site at Beeskow-Birkholz.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Geological storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers is considered as option for reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Most often the same aquifers might allow for provision of geothermal energy potentially resulting in a competitive situation. Within the frame of the present study we evaluated the feasibility of synergetic utilisation of a reservoir suitable for both, CO2 storage and geothermal heat exploitation, by 3D numerical simulations of simultaneous CO2 and brine (re-) injection and brine production. Based on structural and petrophysical data from a prospective storage site in the North East German Basin different scenarios were investigated taking into account reservoir permeability anisotropy and varying flow related descriptions of existing faults. Simulation results show that for an isotropic horizontal permeability distribution synergetic use is feasible for at least 30 years. Nevertheless, permeability anisotropy and open faults do have an impact on the CO2 arrival time at the brine production well and should be taken into account for implementation of a synergetic utilisation in the study area.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Utilization of the geological subsurface for production and storage of hydrocarbons, chemical energy and heat as well as for waste disposal requires the quantification and mitigation of environmental impacts as well as the improvement of georesources utilization in terms of efficiency and sustainability. The development of tools for coupled process simulations is essential to tackle these challenges, since reliable assessments are only feasible by integrative numerical computations. We have been developing a flexible numerical simulation framework, providing efficient workflows for integration of data and software packages for coupled process simulations and introduce three case studies to demonstrate its capabilities.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We discuss a workflow implemented for coupling arbitrary numerical simulators considering complex geological models with discrete faults. This includes grid conversion of geological model grids generated with the Petrel software package to different simulator input formats within a few minutes for multi-million element models. We introduce the conceptual workflow design and tools required for the workflow realization. In this context, different fault representations can be realized including discrete fault planes supported by a virtual element concept in the multiphase flow simulator or an equivalent porous media approach using the mechanical ubiquitous joint model.
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