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  • 1
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    Reanalysis of ancient chicken mtDNAs [Biological Sciences] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-22
    Description: In a recent study, Xiang et al. (1) analyze ancient chicken mtDNA from northern China, together with published modern chicken data, and they proposed that the chicken was domesticated in northern China as early as 10,000 y ago. However, a reanalysis of their data suggested that the data are overinterpreted....
    Keywords: Letters
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Molecular basis of dihydrouridine formation on tRNA [Biochemistry] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Description: Dihydrouridine (D) is a highly conserved modified base found in tRNAs from all domains of life. Dihydrouridine synthase (Dus) catalyzes the D formation of tRNA through reduction of uracil base with flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a cofactor. Here, we report the crystal structures of Thermus thermophilus Dus (TthDus), which is responsible for D formation at positions 20 and 20a, in complex with tRNA and with a short fragment of tRNA (D-loop). Dus interacts extensively with the D-arm and recognizes the elbow region composed of the kissing loop interaction between T- and D-loops in tRNA, pulling U20 into the catalytic center for reduction. Although distortion of the D-loop structure was observed upon binding of Dus to tRNA, the canonical D-loop/T-loop interaction was maintained. These results were consistent with the observation that Dus preferentially recognizes modified rather than unmodified tRNAs, indicating that Dus introduces D20 by monitoring the complete L-shaped structure of tRNAs. In the active site, U20 is stacked on the isoalloxazine ring of FMN, and C5 of the U20 uracil ring is covalently cross linked to the thiol group of Cys93, implying a catalytic mechanism of D20 formation. In addition, the involvement of a cofactor molecule in uracil ring recognition was proposed. Based on a series of mutation analyses, we propose a molecular basis of tRNA recognition and D formation catalyzed by Dus.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Moiré fringes characterization of surface plasmon transmission and filtering in multi metal-dielectric films (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: We use moiré fringes to experimentally characterize the transmission and filtering effect of surface plasmons (SPs) in the alternatively stacked metal-dielectric layers (ASMDLs). Two gratings with unequal periods are introduced at the two sides of films structure to excite SPs and generate moiré fringes observable in the far-field. The observed moiré fringes with specific period agree well with simulations and clearly demonstrate SP with corresponding wave vector transmission and filtering in ASMDLs. By applying variant incidence angle, the fringes contrast fluctuation further illustrate the transmission of SP in a specific wide wave vector band and with an uneven amplitude transmission profile.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Large anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic insulator-topological insulator heterostructures (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-09
    Description: We demonstrate the van der Waals epitaxy of the topological insulator compound Bi 2 Te 3 on the ferromagnetic insulator Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 . The layers are oriented with (001)Bi 2 Te 3 ||(001)Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 and (110)Bi 2 Te 3 ||(100)Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 . Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy indicates the formation of a sharp interface. At low temperatures, bilayers consisting of Bi 2 Te 3 on Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 exhibit a large anomalous Hall effect (AHE). Tilted field studies of the AHE indicate that the easy axis lies along the c-axis of the heterostructure, consistent with magnetization measurements in bulk Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 . The 61 K Curie temperature of Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 and the use of near-stoichiometric materials may lead to the development of spintronic devices based on the AHE.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    Biomimetic Pathways for Assembling Inorganic Thin Films (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-16
    Description: Living organisms construct various forms of laminated nanocomposites through directed nucleation and growth of inorganics at self-assembled organic templates at temperatures below 100°C and in aqueous solutions. Recent research has focused on the use of functionalized organic surfaces to form continuous thin films of single-phase ceramics. Continuous thin films of mesostructured silicates have also been formed on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces through a two-step mechanism. First, under acidic conditions, surfactant micellar structures are self-assembled at the solid/liquid interface, and second, inorganic precursors condense to form an inorganic-organic nanocomposite. Epitaxial coordination of adsorbed surfactant tubules is observed on mica and graphite substrates, whereas a random arrangement is observed on amorphous silica. The ability to process ceramic-organic nanocomposite films by these methods provides new technological opportunities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aksay -- Trau -- Manne -- Honma I -- Yao -- Zhou -- Fenter -- Eisenberger -- Gruner -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 16;273(5277):892-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The authors are at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-5263, USA. I. A. Aksay, M. Trau, and I. Honma are in the Department of Chemical Engineering and the Princeton Materials Institute; S. Manne and N. Yao are in the Princeton Materials Institute; and L. Zhou, P. Fenter, P. M. Eisenberger, and S. M. Gruner are in the Department of Physics and the Princeton Materials Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Natural quasicrystals (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: Quasicrystals are solids whose atomic arrangements have symmetries that are forbidden for periodic crystals, including configurations with fivefold symmetry. All examples identified to date have been synthesized in the laboratory under controlled conditions. Here we present evidence of a naturally occurring icosahedral quasicrystal that includes six distinct fivefold symmetry axes. The mineral, an alloy of aluminum, copper, and iron, occurs as micrometer-sized grains associated with crystalline khatyrkite and cupalite in samples reported to have come from the Koryak Mountains in Russia. The results suggest that quasicrystals can form and remain stable under geologic conditions, although there remain open questions as to how this mineral formed naturally.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bindi, Luca -- Steinhardt, Paul J -- Yao, Nan -- Lu, Peter J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1306-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1170827.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museo di Storia Naturale, Sezione di Mineralogia, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze I-50121, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Structure and function of Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase reveals aspects of RING and HECT ligases (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-19
    Description: Article The Parkinson’s disease-associated protein Parkin regulates the fate of damaged mitochondria by ubiquitinating mitochondrial substrates. Riley et al . present the crystal structure of the Parkin-R0RBR domain, providing new insight into the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms2982 Authors: B.E. Riley, J.C. Lougheed, K. Callaway, M. Velasquez, E. Brecht, L. Nguyen, T. Shaler, D. Walker, Y. Yang, K. Regnstrom, L. Diep, Z. Zhang, S. Chiou, M. Bova, D.R. Artis, N. Yao, J. Baker, T. Yednock, J.A. Johnston
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanolithographic templates from diblock copolymer thin films (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2586-2588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe a technique for creating a thin polystyrene film containing a periodic array of cylindrical holes, with a hole size of approximately 13 nm and a lattice constant of 27 nm. The starting material is a polystyrene-polybutadiene diblock copolymer, which self-assembles into a hexagonally packed array of polybutadiene cylinders embedded in a polystyrene matrix. A technique described previously is used to orient the cylinders normal to the plane of the film. The polybutadiene domains are then removed by reaction with ozone, which attacks the double bonds in the polybutadiene backbone. Films of this type could potentially be used as templates for nanolithography on a scale not readily accessed by other techniques. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116192
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron diffraction conditions and surface imaging in reflection electron microscopy
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ultramicroscopy 33 (1990), S. 237-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-3991
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3991(90)90041-J
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic patterning of orientated mesoscopic silica through guided growth (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 390 (1997), S. 674-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The supramolecular assembly of surfactant molecules at a solid–liquid interface can produce tubular structures with diameters of around 10 nm (refs 1,2,3,4), which can be used for the templated polymerization of mesoporous silica thin films. The ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/37764
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