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  • 1
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    Enhanced remote earthquake triggering at fluid-injection sites in the midwestern United States (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-13
    Description: A recent dramatic increase in seismicity in the midwestern United States may be related to increases in deep wastewater injection. Here, we demonstrate that areas with suspected anthropogenic earthquakes are also more susceptible to earthquake-triggering from natural transient stresses generated by the seismic waves of large remote earthquakes. Enhanced triggering susceptibility suggests the presence of critically loaded faults and potentially high fluid pressures. Sensitivity to remote triggering is most clearly seen in sites with a long delay between the start of injection and the onset of seismicity and in regions that went on to host moderate magnitude earthquakes within 6 to 20 months. Triggering in induced seismic zones could therefore be an indicator that fluid injection has brought the fault system to a critical state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Elst, Nicholas J -- Savage, Heather M -- Keranen, Katie M -- Abers, Geoffrey A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 12;341(6142):164-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1238948.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Post Office Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. nicholas@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23846900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Fortnightly modulation of San Andreas LFEs [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-03
    Description: Earth tides modulate tremor and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) on faults in the vicinity of the brittle−ductile (seismic−aseismic) transition. The response to the tidal stress carries otherwise inaccessible information about fault strength and rheology. Here, we analyze the LFE response to the fortnightly tide, which modulates the amplitude of the daily...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Remote Triggering Not Evident Near Epicenters of Impending Great Earthquakes (2013)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-03
    Description: Recently, there have been numerous great ( M w ≥8), devastating earthquakes, with a rate in the last seven years that is 260% of the average rate during the 111-year seismological history. Each great earthquake presents an opportunity to study a major fault at the very beginning and end of the inferred seismic cycle. In this work, we use these events as both targets and sources to probe susceptibility to dynamic triggering in the epicentral region before and after a large earthquake. This study also carefully addresses the possibility that large earthquakes interact in a cascade of remotely triggered sequences that culminates in further large earthquakes. We seek evidence of triggering associated with the 16 great M w ≥8 events that occurred between 1998 and 2011, using regional and global earthquake catalogs to measure changes in interevent time statistics. Statistical significance is calculated with respect to a nonstationary reference model that includes mainshock–aftershock clustering. We find limited evidence that a few great earthquakes triggered an increase in seismicity at the site of the next great earthquake in the sequence. However, this evidence is not corroborated by all statistical tests nor all earthquake catalogs. Systematic triggered rate changes in the years to decades before each great earthquake are less than 19% at the 95% confidence level, too small to explain the observed rate increase. The catalogs are insufficient for the purpose of resolving more moderate triggering expected from previous studies. We calculate that an improvement in completeness magnitude from 3.7 to 3.5 could resolve the expected triggering signal in the International Seismic Center (ISC) catalog taken as a whole, but an improvement to M  2.0 would be needed to consistently resolve triggering on a regional basis.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 4
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    Fault-Tolerant b -Values and Aftershock Productivity (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: When it comes to smaller earthquakes, are major faults special? Page et al., (2011,https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007933) showed that earthquakes near the faults that compose version 3.0 of the Southern California Earthquake Center Community Fault Model (CFM) have a lower Gutenberg-Richter b-value than earthquakes elsewhere in Southern California. Here we revisit their result, using newer earthquake data recorded after version 3.0 of the CFM was completed. We find that the correlation between earthquake size and proximity to major faults is not present in the newer seismicity data. This indicates that to some degree, the CFM is overtuned to past seismicity, with some structures related to transient features in seismicity rather than persistent geologic features. We also search for differences in aftershock productivity and foreshock statistics near faults and find that they are also “fault-tolerant”—that is, insensitive to distance from major faults. Our results suggest that the fault system in Southern California is highly connected, since the chance of an earthquake nucleating on or near a major fault versus on a secondary structure is independent of its final size. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9313
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9356
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 5
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    Remote Triggering Not Evident Near Epicenters of Impending Great Earthquakes (2013)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-01
    Description: Recently, there have been numerous great (M (sub w) 〉 or =8), devastating earthquakes, with a rate in the last seven years that is 260% of the average rate during the 111-year seismological history. Each great earthquake presents an opportunity to study a major fault at the very beginning and end of the inferred seismic cycle. In this work, we use these events as both targets and sources to probe susceptibility to dynamic triggering in the epicentral region before and after a large earthquake. This study also carefully addresses the possibility that large earthquakes interact in a cascade of remotely triggered sequences that culminates in further large earthquakes. We seek evidence of triggering associated with the 16 great M (sub w) 〉 or =8 events that occurred between 1998 and 2011, using regional and global earthquake catalogs to measure changes in interevent time statistics. Statistical significance is calculated with respect to a nonstationary reference model that includes mainshock-aftershock clustering. We find limited evidence that a few great earthquakes triggered an increase in seismicity at the site of the next great earthquake in the sequence. However, this evidence is not corroborated by all statistical tests nor all earthquake catalogs. Systematic triggered rate changes in the years to decades before each great earthquake are less than 19% at the 95% confidence level, too small to explain the observed rate increase. The catalogs are insufficient for the purpose of resolving more moderate triggering expected from previous studies. We calculate that an improvement in completeness magnitude from 3.7 to 3.5 could resolve the expected triggering signal in the International Seismic Center (ISC) catalog taken as a whole, but an improvement to M 2.0 would be needed to consistently resolve triggering on a regional basis.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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