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  • 1
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    Mating behaviour, dart shape and spermatophore morphology of the Cuban tree snail Polymita picta (Born, 1780) (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: Hermaphroditic animals display a remarkable range of complex mating behaviours that are frequently related to the transfer of accessory-gland products. Here, we describe the use of the dart, an accessory reproductive device, and the mating behaviour of the hermaphroditic Cuban tree snail Polymita picta . Mating can be divided into three stages: courtship, copulation and post-copulation. Polymita picta has the longest mating duration of all Polymita species investigated so far. During courtship, a partial genital eversion exposes the sensitive zone, genital lobes and dart apparatus. During all mating stages, three uses of the dart apparatus can be distinguished: wiping, rubbing and stabbing, all of which mainly target the anterior region of the body, usually without loss of the dart. Morphological variation in the dart involves the extent of curvature, irregularities along the length and total length. These characteristics possibly provide a larger contact surface and deeper penetration through the body wall, which could result in increased sperm storage and paternity. The spermatophore is equipped with spines and we suggest that these might slow down spermatophore uptake into the bursa copulatrix. Overall, the general mating pattern, the presence of the sensitive zone, repeated use of the dart and its shape diversity support the idea that in more ancestral dart-possessing snails the dart apparatus is used to transfer accessory gland secretions, not only by stabbing but also through wiping and rubbing.
    Print ISSN: 0260-1230
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3766
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Optimal management of oil content variability in olive mill batches by NIR spectroscopy (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Inhibition of RNA binding to hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: a new mechanism for antiviral intervention (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
    Description: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a key target for antiviral intervention. The goal of this study was to identify the binding site and unravel the molecular mechanism by which natural flavonoids efficiently inhibit HCV RdRp. Screening identified the flavonol quercetagetin as the most potent inhibitor of HCV RdRp activity. Quercetagetin was found to inhibit RdRp through inhibition of RNA binding to the viral polymerase, a yet unknown antiviral mechanism. X-ray crystallographic structure analysis of the RdRp-quercetagetin complex identified quercetagetin's binding site at the entrance of the RNA template tunnel, confirming its original mode of action. This antiviral mechanism was associated with a high barrier to resistance in both site-directed mutagenesis and long-term selection experiments. In conclusion, we identified a new mechanism for non-nucleoside inhibition of HCV RdRp through inhibition of RNA binding to the enzyme, a mechanism associated with broad genotypic activity and a high barrier to resistance. Our results open the way to new antiviral approaches for HCV and other viruses that use an RdRp based on RNA binding inhibition, that could prove to be useful in human, animal or plant viral infections.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Role for the amino-terminal region of human TBP in U6 snRNA transcription (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-21
    Description: Basal transcription from the human RNA polymerase III U6 promoter depends on a TATA box that recruits the TATA box-binding protein (TBP) and a proximal sequence element that recruits the small nuclear RNA (snRNA)-activating protein complex (SNAPc). TBP consists of a conserved carboxyl-terminal domain that performs all known functions of the protein and a nonconserved amino-terminal region of unknown function. Here, the amino-terminal region is shown to down-regulate binding of TBP to the U6 TATA box, mediate cooperative binding with SNAPc to the U6 promoter, and enhance U6 transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mittal, V -- Hernandez, N -- R01GM38810/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 21;275(5303):1136-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9027316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; DNA Footprinting ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins/metabolism ; RNA, Small Nuclear/*genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; TATA Box ; TATA-Box Binding Protein ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    A conserved HIV gp120 glycoprotein structure involved in chemokine receptor binding (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-25
    Description: The entry of primate immunodeficiency viruses into target cells depends on a sequential interaction of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein with the cellular receptors, CD4 and members of the chemokine receptor family. The gp120 third variable (V3) loop has been implicated in chemokine receptor binding, but the use of the CCR5 chemokine receptor by diverse primate immunodeficiency viruses suggests the involvement of an additional, conserved gp120 element. Through the use of gp120 mutants, a highly conserved gp120 structure was shown to be critical for CCR5 binding. This structure is located adjacent to the V3 loop and contains neutralization epitopes induced by CD4 binding. This conserved element may be a useful target for pharmacologic or prophylactic intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rizzuto, C D -- Wyatt, R -- Hernandez-Ramos, N -- Sun, Y -- Kwong, P D -- Hendrickson, W A -- Sodroski, J -- AI 40895/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 41851/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1949-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antigens, CD4/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; HIV-1/*chemistry/immunology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, CCR5/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Evidence for a cultivar and a chronology from patterned wetlands in central veracruz, Mexico (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-10-07
    Description: The patterning found in certain wetlands of lowland Mesoamerica has added an important element to the subsistence system that may be attributed to pre-Hispanic inhabitants of the region. The form of the remains, largely expressed in terms of surface vegetation, suggests agriculture on planting platforms, separated by canals. The physical and chemical aspects of the stratigraphy have clarified depositional environments but have not indicated agricultural horizons. Maize phytoliths at about 1 meter below the surface in two Central Veracruzan wetlands do confirm the practice of agriculture. Associated ceramics indicate wetlands agriculture was practiced by A.D. 500 and perhaps earlier.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siemens, A H -- Hebda, R J -- Hernandez, M N -- Piperno, D R -- Stein, J K -- Zola Baez, M G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 7;242(4875):105-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17757634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Coordinated effects of sequence variation on DNA binding, chromatin structure, and transcription (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: DNA sequence variation has been associated with quantitative changes in molecular phenotypes such as gene expression, but its impact on chromatin states is poorly characterized. To understand the interplay between chromatin and genetic control of gene regulation, we quantified allelic variability in transcription factor binding, histone modifications, and gene expression within humans. We found abundant allelic specificity in chromatin and extensive local, short-range, and long-range allelic coordination among the studied molecular phenotypes. We observed genetic influence on most of these phenotypes, with histone modifications exhibiting strong context-dependent behavior. Our results implicate transcription factors as primary mediators of sequence-specific regulation of gene expression programs, with histone modifications frequently reflecting the primary regulatory event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kilpinen, Helena -- Waszak, Sebastian M -- Gschwind, Andreas R -- Raghav, Sunil K -- Witwicki, Robert M -- Orioli, Andrea -- Migliavacca, Eugenia -- Wiederkehr, Michael -- Gutierrez-Arcelus, Maria -- Panousis, Nikolaos I -- Yurovsky, Alisa -- Lappalainen, Tuuli -- Romano-Palumbo, Luciana -- Planchon, Alexandra -- Bielser, Deborah -- Bryois, Julien -- Padioleau, Ismael -- Udin, Gilles -- Thurnheer, Sarah -- Hacker, David -- Core, Leighton J -- Lis, John T -- Hernandez, Nouria -- Reymond, Alexandre -- Deplancke, Bart -- Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- GM25232/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG004845/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004845/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 8;342(6159):744-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1242463. Epub 2013 Oct 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Base Sequence/genetics ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Chromatin/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Variation ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Charge state of vacancy defects in Eu-doped GaN (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-02
    Description: Author(s): B. Mitchell, N. Hernandez, D. Lee, A. Koizumi, Y. Fujiwara, and V. Dierolf Eu ions have been doped into GaN in order to achieve red luminescence under current injection, where coupling between the Eu ions and intrinsic defects such as vacancies are known to play an important role. However, the charge state of the vacancies and the impact it would have on the optical and ma... [Phys. Rev. B 96, 064308] Published Thu Aug 31, 2017
    Keywords: Dynamics, dynamical systems, lattice effects
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    Complete structures of complex trimeric adhesins [Biochemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-19
    Description: Trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are modular, highly repetitive surface proteins that mediate adhesion to host cells in a broad range of Gram-negative pathogens. Although their sizes may differ by more than one order of magnitude, they all follow the same basic head-stalk-anchor architecture, where the head mediates adhesion and autoagglutination,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Dopamine loss targets task-related oscillations [Neuroscience] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-31
    Description: A major physiologic sign in Parkinson disease is the occurrence of abnormal oscillations in cortico-basal ganglia circuits, which can be normalized by l-DOPA therapy. Under normal circumstances, oscillatory activity in these circuits is modulated as behaviors are learned and performed, but how dopamine depletion affects such modulation is not yet...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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