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  • 1
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    Arctic ecosystem structure and functioning shaped by climate and herbivore body size (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-26
    Description: Understanding how climate change will impact whole ecosystems, rather than single species within them, remains challenging. Now, research into the direct and indirect impacts of climate on the functioning of Arctic terrestrial ecosystems reveals effects on tundra primary production, food-web structure and the strength of species interaction. Nature Climate Change 4 379 doi: 10.1038/nclimate2168
    Print ISSN: 1758-678X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-6798
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Population ecology. Not all sheep are equal (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaillard, J M -- Festa-Bianchet, M -- Yoccoz, N G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1499-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite Mixte de Recherche No. 5558 "Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive," University of Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, France. gaillard@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11379631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Hebrides ; Male ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sheep/physiology ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Common dynamic structure of canada lynx populations within three climatic regions (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-14
    Description: Across the boreal forest of Canada, lynx populations undergo regular density cycles. Analysis of 21 time series from 1821 onward demonstrated structural similarity in these cycles within large regions of Canada. The observed population dynamics are consistent with a regional structure caused by climatic features, resulting in a grouping of lynx population dynamics into three types (corresponding to three climatic-based geographic regions): Pacific-maritime, Continental, and Atlantic-maritime. A possible link with the North Atlantic Oscillation is suggested.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stenseth -- Chan -- Tong -- Boonstra -- Boutin -- Krebs -- Post -- O'Donoghue -- Yoccoz -- Forchhammer -- Hurrell -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1071-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Advanced Study, The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Drammensveien 78, N-0271 Oslo, Norway. Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1050 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Department of Statistics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Ecology. Explaining bird migration (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilg, Olivier -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):276-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1184964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. olivier.gilg@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Birds/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Nesting Behavior ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Climate events synchronize the dynamics of a resident vertebrate community in the high Arctic (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: Recently accumulated evidence has documented a climate impact on the demography and dynamics of single species, yet the impact at the community level is poorly understood. Here, we show that in Svalbard in the high Arctic, extreme weather events synchronize population fluctuations across an entire community of resident vertebrate herbivores and cause lagged correlations with the secondary consumer, the arctic fox. This synchronization is mainly driven by heavy rain on snow that encapsulates the vegetation in ice and blocks winter forage availability for herbivores. Thus, indirect and bottom-up climate forcing drives the population dynamics across all overwintering vertebrates. Icing is predicted to become more frequent in the circumpolar Arctic and may therefore strongly affect terrestrial ecosystem characteristics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, Brage B -- Grotan, Vidar -- Aanes, Ronny -- Saether, Bernt-Erik -- Stien, Audun -- Fuglei, Eva -- Ims, Rolf A -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- Pedersen, Ashild O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):313-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1226766.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. brage.b.hansen@ntnu.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; *Climate Change ; Foxes/*physiology ; Galliformes/*physiology ; Herbivory ; Ice Cover ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Reindeer/*physiology ; Snow
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Reliability of flipper-banded penguins as indicators of climate change (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-14
    Description: In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change highlighted an urgent need to assess the responses of marine ecosystems to climate change. Because they lie in a high-latitude region, the Southern Ocean ecosystems are expected to be strongly affected by global warming. Using top predators of this highly productive ocean (such as penguins) as integrative indicators may help us assess the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems. Yet most available information on penguin population dynamics is based on the controversial use of flipper banding. Although some reports have found the effects of flipper bands to be deleterious, some short-term (one-year) studies have concluded otherwise, resulting in the continuation of extensive banding schemes and the use of data sets thus collected to predict climate impact on natural populations. Here we show that banding of free-ranging king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) impairs both survival and reproduction, ultimately affecting population growth rate. Over the course of a 10-year longitudinal study, banded birds produced 41% [corrected] fewer chicks and had a survival rate 16 percentage points [corrected] lower than non-banded birds, demonstrating a massive long-term impact of banding and thus refuting the assumption that birds will ultimately adapt to being banded. Indeed, banded birds still arrived later for breeding at the study site and had longer foraging trips even after 10 years. One of our major findings is that responses of flipper-banded penguins to climate variability (that is, changes in sea surface temperature and in the Southern Oscillation index) differ from those of non-banded birds. We show that only long-term investigations may allow an evaluation of the impact of flipper bands and that every major life-history trait can be affected, calling into question the banding schemes still going on. In addition, our understanding of the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems based on flipper-band data should be reconsidered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saraux, Claire -- Le Bohec, Celine -- Durant, Joel M -- Viblanc, Vincent A -- Gauthier-Clerc, Michel -- Beaune, David -- Park, Young-Hyang -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- Stenseth, Nils C -- Le Maho, Yvon -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 13;469(7329):203-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09630.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France. claire.saraux@c-strasbourg.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21228875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Identification Systems/ethics ; Animal Welfare/ethics/statistics & numerical data ; Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Artifacts ; Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction/physiology ; Seawater/chemistry ; Spheniscidae/growth & development/*physiology ; Survival Rate ; Temperature ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Europe-wide dampening of population cycles in keystone herbivores (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: Suggestions of collapse in small herbivore cycles since the 1980s have raised concerns about the loss of essential ecosystem functions. Whether such phenomena are general and result from extrinsic environmental changes or from intrinsic process stochasticity is currently unknown. Using a large compilation of time series of vole abundances, we demonstrate consistent cycle amplitude dampening associated with a reduction in winter population growth, although regulatory processes responsible for cyclicity have not been lost. The underlying syndrome of change throughout Europe and grass-eating vole species suggests a common climatic driver. Increasing intervals of low-amplitude small herbivore population fluctuations are expected in the future, and these may have cascading impacts on trophic webs across ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cornulier, Thomas -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- Bretagnolle, Vincent -- Brommer, Jon E -- Butet, Alain -- Ecke, Frauke -- Elston, David A -- Framstad, Erik -- Henttonen, Heikki -- Hornfeldt, Birger -- Huitu, Otso -- Imholt, Christian -- Ims, Rolf A -- Jacob, Jens -- Jedrzejewska, Bogumila -- Millon, Alexandre -- Petty, Steve J -- Pietiainen, Hannu -- Tkadlec, Emil -- Zub, Karol -- Lambin, Xavier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 5;340(6128):63-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1228992.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK. cornulier@abdn.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; Europe ; Herbivory/*physiology ; *Poaceae ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TEMPORAL VARIATION IN FITNESS COMPONENTS AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF LARGE HERBIVORES (2000)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 31 (2000), S. 367-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In large-herbivore populations, environmental variation and density dependence co-occur and have similar effects on various fitness components. Our review aims to quantify the temporal variability of fitness components and examine how that variability affects changes in population growth rates. Regardless of the source of variation, adult female survival shows little year-to-year variation [coefficient of variation (CV 〈10%)], fecundity of prime-aged females and yearling survival rates show moderate year-to-year variation (CV 〈20%), and juvenile survival and fecundity of young females show strong variation (CV 〉30%). Old females show senescence in both survival and reproduction. These patterns of variation are independent of differences in body mass, taxonomic group, and ecological conditions. Differences in levels of maternal care may fine-tune the temporal variation of early survival. The immature stage, despite a low relative impact on population growth rate compared with the adult stage, may be the critical component of population dynamics of large herbivores. Observed differences in temporal variation may be more important than estimated relative sensitivity or elasticity in determining the relative demographic impact of various fitness components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.367
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of spatial habitat configuration on recruitment, growth and population structure in arctic Collembola (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 124 (2000), S. 381-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Climatic variability ; Demography ; Dispersal ; Patchy habitats ; Svalbard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The population density and demography of five species of arctic Collembola were studied in a naturally patchy habitat, consisting of Carex ursinae tussocks with varying degrees of isolation. Focal predictor variables were those describing the spatial configuration of tussocks, including tussock size and isolation and the amount of habitat (cover) at a 1-m2 scale surrounding each tussock population. The Collembola populations were heavily influenced by environmental stochasticity in the form of winter mortality and summer drought, and the influence of patchiness on population characteristics was evaluated in this context. The five species showed very different responses to the structuring effect of the habitat, depending on life history characteristics, mobility and habitat requirements. Population density was highly variable in both time and space. Spring densities indicated larger winter mortality compared to observations from a previous study, and the snow- and ice-free season from June to August only resulted in population growth for Folsomia sexoculata. In the other species, adult mortality must have been high as there was no net population growth despite observed reproduction. The exception was Hypogastrura viatica, whose population decline was more likely to have been the result of migration out of the study area. Cover was the most important variable explaining density. No pure area or isolation effects at the tussock level were detected, even in areas with very low habitat cover. Drought was probably an important mortality factor, as July was particularly warm and dry. Due to qualitative differences in the tussocks and the matrix substrate, desiccation risk would be higher during dispersal between tussocks. We suggest that increased dispersal mortality gave the observed pattern of increased density in relation to cover, both in general and in F. quadrioculata, an opportunistic species otherwise known for rapid population growth. Onychiurus groenlandicus, which had a similar density response to cover, may also be influenced by a rescue effect sustaining densities in areas with high cover. The cover effect can be viewed as a large-scale factor which encompasses the general spatial neighbourhood of each tussock, where inter-population processes are important, as opposed to internal patch dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420000398
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  • 10
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    Climatic extremes improve predictions of spatial patterns of tree species (2009)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-06
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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