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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Description: The semi-conservative centrosome duplication in cycling cells gives rise to a centrosome composed of a mother and a newly formed daughter centriole. Both centrioles are regarded as equivalent in their ability to form new centrioles and their symmetric duplication is crucial for cell division homeostasis. Multiciliated cells do not use the archetypal duplication program and instead form more than a hundred centrioles that are required for the growth of motile cilia and the efficient propelling of physiological fluids. The majority of these new centrioles are thought to appear de novo, that is, independently from the centrosome, around electron-dense structures called deuterosomes. Their origin remains unknown. Using live imaging combined with correlative super-resolution light and electron microscopy, we show that all new centrioles derive from the pre-existing progenitor cell centrosome through multiple rounds of procentriole seeding. Moreover, we establish that only the daughter centrosomal centriole contributes to deuterosome formation, and thus to over ninety per cent of the final centriole population. This unexpected centriolar asymmetry grants new perspectives when studying cilia-related diseases and pathological centriole amplification observed in cycling cells and associated with microcephaly and cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Al Jord, Adel -- Lemaitre, Anne-Iris -- Delgehyr, Nathalie -- Faucourt, Marion -- Spassky, Nathalie -- Meunier, Alice -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 4;516(7529):104-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13770. Epub 2014 Oct 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, F-75005 Paris, France [2] Inserm, U1024, F-75005 Paris, France [3] CNRS, UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. ; 1] Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, F-75005 Paris, France [2] Inserm, U1024, F-75005 Paris, France [3] CNRS, UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France [4].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25307055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Centrioles/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Centrosome/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cilia/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-11
    Description: Mutations in Drosophila merry-go-round (mgr) have been known for over two decades to lead to circular mitotic figures and loss of meiotic spindle integrity. However, the identity of its gene product has remained undiscovered. We now show that mgr encodes the Prefoldin subunit counterpart of human von Hippel Lindau binding-protein 1. Depletion of Mgr from cultured cells also leads to formation of monopolar and abnormal spindles and centrosome loss. These phenotypes are associated with reductions of tubulin levels in both mgr flies and mgr RNAi-treated cultured cells. Moreover, mgr spindle defects can be phenocopied by depleting β-tubulin, suggesting Mgr function is required for tubulin stability. Instability of β-tubulin in the mgr larval brain is less pronounced than in either mgr testes or in cultured cells. However, expression of transgenic β-tubulin in the larval brain leads to increased tubulin instability, indicating that Prefoldin might only be required when tubulins are synthesized at high levels. Mgr interacts with Drosophila von Hippel Lindau protein (Vhl). Both proteins interact with unpolymerized tubulins, suggesting they cooperate in regulating tubulin functions. Accordingly, codepletion of Vhl with Mgr gives partial rescue of tubulin instability, monopolar spindle formation, and loss of centrosomes, leading us to propose a requirement for Vhl to promote degradation of incorrectly folded tubulin in the absence of functional Prefoldin. Thus, Vhl may play a pivotal role: promoting microtubule stabilization when tubulins are correctly folded by Prefoldin and tubulin destruction when they are not.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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