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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 291 (1981), S. 228-230 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We started with the assumption that if microorganisms could really convert inorganic Pb(n) compounds and organic Pb(iv) salts, such as PbMe3OAc, PbEt3OAc and PbEt3Cl, into the corresponding leadalkyls, a biochemical carbanion transfer reaction should occur in the bacterial cell14"16. We therefore ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 330-339 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Acid rain ; rainwater ; sampling network ; acid distribution ; acid deposition ; wet deposition ; pH ; precipitation amount ; hydrogen ion concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of acid deposition by atmospheric precipitation in the Federal Republic of Germany is discussed, based on investigations of the wet H+-deposition during the five years 1980–1984, using a network of 16 automated samplers of our own construction located in various categories of ecosystems. Analytical problems of sampling and the electrometric determination of pH in rainwater are briefly discussed. Results for the average amounts of precipitation, the average H+-concentrations and average H+-depositions in the 16 typical regions of the Federal Republic of Germany are compared and the influences of meteorological parameters are discussed. An increase of the H+-concentration and H+-deposition values has been observed from 1980 onwards with a maximum in 1981 and a slow decrease in the next two years. The comparison of the values found for rural regions with those for more significantly polluted regions shows that in the latter regions the removal of H+-ions by wash-out is more effective. Whereas in the Ruhr region the pH is shifted to more acid values, due to the wash-out of acid particles and aerosols, in regions with metallurgical industry the pH is shifted to more alkaline values due to the wash-out of alkaline particles. In general the free acid in rain and snow is rather uniformly distributed over the whole area as a result of mesoscalic transport of the acid precursors SO2 and NOx and the concomitant formation of acid in the cloud droplets leading to acid deposition by rain-out. The composition of rainwater and the possibility of determining the proportion of the acid anions in rain which are of anthropogenic origin is briefly discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 51 (1964), S. 191-191 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 54 (1967), S. 134-136 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 65 (1978), S. 71-72 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 60 (1973), S. 56-56 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 75 (1981), S. 171-184 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die Lebensmittelkontrolle und marine Ökotoxikologie wurde eine neue spurenanalytische Alternative zur raschen und zuverlässigen Bestimmung des Quecksilbergehaltes in Fisch unter Einsatz der differentiellen Pulsinversvoltammetrie (DPIV) und Verwendung einer Goldscheibenelektrode entwickelt. Möglichkeiten und Leistungsfähigkeit der Methode werden durch die Untersuchung von Thunfisch demonstriert. Proben von 0,5 bis 2,5 g Frischgewicht werden zunächst einem Druckaufschluß mit HNO3/HClO4 (7∶1) unterworfen. Die resultierende Analytlösung wird zum Abbau gelöster organischer Substanzen im geschlossenen Gefäß einer UV-Bestrahlung (70° C, 150 W Quecksilberlampe, 4 h) unter oxydierenden Bedingungen (H2O2) unterzogen. Anschließend erfolgt die voltammetrische Bestimmung mit DPIV unter Vornahme von zwei Eichzusätzen. Die relative Standardabweichung liegt im unteren mg/kg-Bereich unter 5%. Die Richtigkeit wurde durch Vergleichsbestimmung mit der Gaschromatographie getestet. Die Übereinstimmung der ermittelten Quecksilbergehalte bestätigt, daß im Muskelfleisch von Fisch das Quecksilber nahezu vollständig in toxischen organischen
    Notes: Summary A reliable and rapid procedure for the determination of Hg in fish by differential pulse anodic-stripping voltammetry (DPASV) at the gold electrode has been developed for use in food control and marine ecotoxicology. Potentialities and performance are demonstrated by the investigation of tuna fish. Samples of 0.5–2.5 g are subjected to pressurized digestion with HNO3/HClO4 (7∶1). The resulting analyte solution is irradiated in closed flasks with ultraviolet light in presence of H2O2 to decompose dissolved organic substances. This is followed by DPASV with two standard additions. The relative standard deviation for the lower μg/g range is below 5%. Comparative determination by gas chromatography confirmed that in fish-muscle mercury exists almost completely in the form of toxic organomercurials, i. e. methyl- and dimethylmercury.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die starke Komplexierung von Cu durch Cyklohexylamin (CHA) im Kühlwasser von Kraftwerken, dem Cyklohexylamin als pH-regulierendes Korrosionsschutzmittel zugegeben wird, kann in technischer Hinsicht Bedeutung für die Auflösung von Cu aus den Legierungsbestandteilen der Wärmetauscherkomponenten haben. Die Komplexbildung von Cu(I) mit Cyklohexylamin wurde in alkalischen Lösungen im pH-Bereich 8,6–10 mit der differentiellen Pulspolarographie untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Cu-Peaks der reversiblen Reduktion der Cu(I)-Komplexe an der Quecksilbertropfelektrode entsprechen. Die erste Reduktionsstufe von Cu(II)/Cu(I) erscheint nur als eine Schulter auf der Oxydationsstufe von Hg. Die Potentiale der Cu(I)-Peaks werden in negativer Richtung mit zunehmender Cyklohexylamin-Konzentration und mit zunehmendem pH verschoben. Mit einem modifizierten DeFord-Hume-Verfahren wurden aus der Potentialverschiebung der Cu(I)Peaks 4 Komplexe identifiziert, der gemischte Komplex Cu(OH)(CHA), der Hydroxokomplex (Cu(OH)2)− und zwei Cu(I)-Cyklohexylaminkomplexe, Cu(CHA)2 + und Cu(CHA)3 +, und deren stöchiometrische Stabilitätskonstantenβij bestimmt. Die Logarithmen der Stabilitätskonstanten liegen im Bereich 11–17, was eine starke Bindung von Cu(I) anzeigt. Aus den entsprechenden Stabilitätskonstanten wurde die Cu-Verteilung auf die genannten Komplexe in Abhängigkeit von der Cyklohexylaminkonzentration und vom pH berechnet und dreidimensional graphisch dargestellt.
    Notes: Summary The strong complexation of Cu with cyclohexylamine in coolant waters of power stations containing this aminé as a pH regulating anticorrosion agent may have technically significant consequences affecting the dissolution of copper from the alloy material of the heat exchanger components. The speciation of Cu(I) with cyclohexylamine (CHA) was studied in alkaline solutions in the pH range from 8.6 to 10 by differential pulse polarography. It was proved that the peaks correspond to the reversible reduction of Cu(I) complexes at the DME. The first reduction step Cu(II)/Cu(I) appeared only as a shoulder on the Hg-oxidation peak. The potentials of the Cu(I)-peaks are shifted more negatively with increase of the cyclohexylamine concentration and the pH. A modified DeFord-Hume-treatment was applied for the evaluation of the stoichiometric overall stability constantsβi andβij and ligand numbers of the formed simple complexes (Cu(CHA)2)+, (Cu(CHA)3)+, (Cu(OH)2)− and the mixed uncharged complex (Cu(OH) (CHA)) from the relationships between the peak potential shiftsΔE p and the ligand concentrations. The logarithms of the stability constants logβ between 11 and 17 indicate a strong binding of Cu(I). From the resulting stability constants the distribution of Cu(I) among these complexes was calculated and also presented graphically as three-dimensional plots of the dependence of the formation degree as well on the cyclohexylamine concentration as on pH.
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