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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 34 (1986), S. 367-384 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein zweischichtiges, nichtlineares, äquatorialesβ-Ebenen-Modell inp-Koordinaten wird zum Studium der Reaktion der Atmosphäre auf eine großräumige, vorgegebene, zeitlich variierende Wärmequelle herangezogen. Die Wärmequelle soll einen konvektiven Ausbruch mit der Gesamtdauer von etwa 48 Stunden über dem bolivianischen Amazonasgebiet simulieren. Die verwendeten Randgebindungen sind; die meridionalen Geschwindigkeiten in 60°N und 60°S seien Null, ω = 0 am oberen Rand und die horizontalen Geschwindigkeiten seien ebenfalls Null am unteren. Sensitivitätstest schlossen den ruhenden Anfangszustand im Vergleich zum realistischen Anfangsfluß ein. Die Wärmequelle wurde in 10°S mit einer zonalen und meridionalen Erstreckung von jeweils 1500 km angenommen. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde auf die Verteilung und Stärke der hervorgerufenen Vertikalbewegung gerichtet. Das Modell zeigt in seinen vorläufigen Ergebnissen nach 2 Tagen gute Übereinstimmung mit der Strömung in 200 mb. Interessant ist die Ausbildung eines Troges und von absteigender Bewegung im Nordosten der Wärmequelle. Es wird daher der Schluß gezogen, daß die Wärmequelle im Amazonasgebiet und ihre Schwankungen einen Zusammenhang zum Trogproblem Nordostbrasiliens aufweisen könnten.
    Notes: Summary A two-layer, nonlinear, equatorialβ-plane model, inp-coordinates is used to study the atmospheric response to a large-scale prescribed heat source varying in time. The heat source is meant to represent a convective burst with total duration of approximately 48 hours over the Amazon/Bolívia region. The boundary conditions used are meridional velocity zero at 60°N and 60°S, ω = 0 at the top and zero geometric velocity at the lower boundary. Sensitivity study was done which includes initial state at rest, compared with realistic initial flow. The scale of the heat source is 1500 km in latitude and longitude and it is centered at 10°S. Special attention is paid to the distribution and intensity of the induced vertical motion. The model is integrated for two days and the preliminary results show agreement with the observed 200 mb flow. Of interest is the establishment of a trough and descending motion to the northeast of the heat source. A conjecture is thus made that the Amazon heat source and its fluctuations bear some relationship with the drought problem over Northeast Brazil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1986-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0177-7971
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-5065
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A two layer, nonlinear, equatorial beta-plane model, in p-coordinates is used to study the atmospheric response to a large scale prescribed heat source varying in time. The heat source is meant to represent a convective burst with total duration of approximately 48 hours over the Amazon/Bolivia region. The boundary conditions used are meridional velocity zero at 60 deg S, omega w = 0 at the top and zero geometric velocity at the lower boundary. Sensitivity study was done which includes initial state at rest, compared with realistic initial flow. The scale of the heat source is 1500 km in latitude and longitude and it is centered at 10 deg S. Special attention is paid to the distribution and intensity of the induced vertical motion. The model is integrated for two days and the preliminary results show agreement with the observed 200 mb flow. Of interest is the establishment of a trough and descending motion to the northeast of the heat source. A conjucture is thus made that the Amazon heat source and its fluctuations bear some relationship with the drought problem over Northeast Brazil.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-176617 , NAS 1.26:176617 , INPE-3723-RPE/497
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The establishment of a thermally direct local circulation which has its ascending branch at about 10 deg N and its descending branch over northeast Brazil and the adjoining oceanic region is proposed as a possible mechanism for the occurrence of severe droughts over this Brazilian region. The driving for this anomalous circulation is provided by enhanced moist convection due to the effect of warmer sea surface anomalies over the northern tropical Atlantic and cooling associated with colder sea surface temperature anomalies in the southern tropical Atlantic. A simple primitive equation model is used to calculate the frictionally-controlled and thermally-driven circulation due to a prescribed heating function in a resting atmosphere, and a series of numerical experiments are carried out to test the sensitivity of the Goddard Laboratory's model to prescribed sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical Atlantic.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 38; Dec. 198
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A baroclinic stability analysis is performed for a simple family of zonal shear profiles over a sphere, using a two-layer, quasi-geostrophic model. The stability properties and the structure of the most unstable waves are qualitatively similar to those on a beta-plane. However, the spherical geometry plays a major role in locating some of the important features of the most unstable waves. In particular, the locations of the maximum wave amplitude, maximum eddy heat fluxes, and maximum convergence of the eddy angular momentum flux are all well correlated with the location of the maximum excess of the vertical shear over the minimum value necessary for local instability on a sphere. Consequently the eddy momentum flux tends to generate a mid-latitude jet even if there is no preexisting mid-latitude jet in the basic state zonal flow. These findings suggest some of the elements needed for parameterizing the meridional variations of baroclinic eddy fluxes accurately.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 33; Apr. 197
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The monthly mean sea surface temperature anomalies over tropical Altantic and rainfall anomalies over two selected stations for 25 years (1948-1972) were examined. It is found that the most severe drought events are associated with the simultaneous occurrence of warm sea surface temperature anomalies over north and cold sea surface temperature anomalies over south tropical Atlantic. Simultaneous occurrences of warm sea surface temperature anomaly at 15 deg N, 45 deg W and cold sea surface temperature anomaly at 15 deg S, 5 deg W were always associated with negative anomalies of rainfall, and vice versa. A simple primitive equation model is used to calculate the frictionally controlled and thermally driven circulation due to a prescribed heating function in a resting atmosphere.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-82373 , INPE-1930-RPE/255 , Conf. on Climate Variation,; Jan 19, 1981 - Jan 23, 1981; San Diego, CA; United States|Brazilian Meteorol. Conf.,; Oct 06, 1980 - Oct 10, 1980; Campina Grande; Brazil*United States
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