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1

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Effects of Diet and Water Source on the Nursery Production of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (2001)

Otoshi, Clete A. ; Montgomery, Anthony D. ; Look, Antony M. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 32 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1749-7345

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Penaeid shrimp reared in eutrophic pond water grow significantly faster than shrimp in clear well water, and this growth enhancement is especially pronounced in postlarval shrimp. The objective of this study was to determine if the nutritional benefits of pond water could supplement a lower protein feed for postlarval Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Sixteen 230-L tanks were stocked with 10-d postlarvae at a density of 350 shrimp/tank. Four treatments (four replicates/treatment) were tested for 6 wk and consisted of: 1) shrimp grown in well water and fed a commercially available 45%-protein feed (W/45); 2) shrimp grown in pond water and fed the same 45%-protein feed (P/45); 3) shrimp grown in well water and fed a commercially available 52%-protein feed (W/ 52); and 4) shrimp grown in pond water and fed the same 52%-protein feed (P/52). At the end of the experiment. mean weight gain (± SE) for shrimp in pond water (1.85 ± 0.03 g) was significantly greater (P 〉 0.0001) than shrimp in well water (0.98 ± 0.10 g). Mean weight gain for shrimp fed the 52%-protein feed (1.56 ± 0.13 g) was significantly greater (P 〉 0.0001) than shrimp fed the 45%-protein feed (1.26 ± 0.20 g). In addition, there was a significant interaction effect between water source and feed (P 〉 0.0001). Mean weight gain for shrimp in the W/52 treatment (1.23 ± 0.04 g) was 68% greater than shrimp in the W/45 treatment (0.73 ± 0.03 g). However, mean weight gain for shrimp in the P/52 treatment (1.90 ± 0.03 g) was only 5% greater than shrimp in the P/45 treatment (1.80 ± 0.04 g). These results suggest that organically rich pond water provides postlarval shrimp with sufficient nutrients to compensate for nutritional deficiencies associated with a lower protein feed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb01102.x

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2

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Effects of Artificial Substrate and Stocking Density on the Nursery Production of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (2004)

Moss, Komarey R. K. ; Moss, Shaun M.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 35 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1749-7345

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Nursery production may be enhanced by the addition of artificial substrate to increase the surface area upon which shrimp graze and to serve as refuge. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the artificial substrate, AquaMatsTM, on the performance of postlarval Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei stocked at three densities. Eighteen 230-L tanks were stocked with 10-d postlarvae (mean weight 〈 0.01 g). Six treatments were evaluated and consisted of shrimp stocked at three densities (778 shrimp/m2, 1,167 shrimp/ m2, and 1,556 shrimp/m2) with and without access to artificial substrate. Shrimp in all treatments received a commercial diet ad libitum. After 6 wk, shrimp were harvested from each nursery tank, counted, and batch weighed. Mean final weight, survival, production, feed conversion ratio, and water quality parameters were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA. There were highly significant (P 〈 0.001) density and substrate effects on final weight, but there was no significant interaction effect. Final weight was 26.0, 17.4, and 34.5% greater in treatments with substrate than without substrate when stocked at 778, 1,167, and 1,556 shrimp/m2, respectively. There was no significant density, substrate, or interaction effect on survival or water quality. Mean survival was ± 89.1% for all treatments. Increased shrimp growth in the presence of added substrate was likely due to the availability of attached particulate organic matter on the AquaMatsTM that served as an additional food source. Results from this study indicate that artificial substrate can be used to mitigate the potential negative effects of high stocking density on growth of L. vannamei in nursery systems.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb00121.x

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In Vitro Evidence of Laminarinase Activity in the Digestive Gland of Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (2004)

Divakaran, S. ; Moss, Shaun M.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 35 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1749-7345

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb00123.x

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4

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Correlation Between Two Size Classes of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Its Potential Implications for Selective Breeding Programs (2000)

Argue, Brad J. ; Arce, Steve M. ; Moss, Shaun M.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 31 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1749-7345

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract.— The correlation between market weight (20–25 g) and broodstock weight (〉 35 g) in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei has not been determined. Breeders may assume that the largest brood-stock shrimp were also the largest market shrimp. In this study, 120 market shrimp were individually tagged and grown to broodstock in an earthen pond. There was a significant relationship between market and broodstock weight (P 〈 0.001) but it was not highly correlated (r = 0.42). There was no correlation between market weight and post-market weight gain (P= 0.477; r= 0.08). Of the largest 20 broodstock, only seven were among the top 20 at market weight. If the goal of a breeding program is to select the fastest growing individuals to market, shrimp should be individually selected at market weight and not as broodstock.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2000.tb00706.x

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5

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Genetic Analyses for TSV-Susceptible and TSV-Resistant Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using M1 Microsatellite (2003)

Xu, Zhenkang ; Wyrzykowski, Jennifer ; Alcivar-Warren, Acacia ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 34 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1749-7345

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Allelic frequency differences at the highly polymorphic MI microsatellite of B20 locus were examined in Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV)-susceptible (Kona) and TSV-resistant (Select) lines of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. DNA was screened from 1,009 cultured L. vannamei, 166 from the Kona line and 843 (97 broodstock and 746 offspring) from the Select line. A total of 34 different MI alleles were found, 41.2% of which were shared by the two lines, and 58.2% were unique to either line. Only seven (20.6%) of the 34 alleles had similar frequencies in the two lines. The most frequent (22.4%) allele in the Select line (218 bp) was absent from the Kona line. The most frequent (9.6%) allele in the Kona line (236 bp) was not observed in the Select line. Significant genetic differentiation between the two lines was shown using contingency table analysis (X2= 891.20, df = 33, P 〈 0.0001), the exact test (P 〈 0.00001), and Fst, analysis (0.06). Comparison of MI allele frequencies between the TSVresistant Select and TSV-susceptible Kona lines and between the top 12.5% (Top Select) and the bottom 12.5% (Bottom Select) surviving families to TSV challenge in the Select line suggested associations of MI alleles with TSV resistance. These observations suggest testable hypotheses in future experiments aimed at finding genetic markers associated with resistance to TSV and markers that could be used for marker-assisted selection of broodstock.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00071.x

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6

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Relative Abundance and Species Composition of Gram-Negative, Aerobic Bacteria Associated with the Gut of Juvenile White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Reared in Oligotrophic Well Water and Eutrophic Pond Water (2000)

Moss, Shaun M. ; LeaMaster, Brad R. ; Sweeney, James N.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 31 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1749-7345

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Gut bacteria may contribute significantly to the growth and survival of cultured shrimp, although little is known about factors that affect bacterial community structure in shrimp guts. The objective of this study was to determine the abundance and species composition of gut bacteria in juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in two different environments. Eight 120-L tanks were stocked at a density of 8 shrimphank. Two treatments were tested for 10 d and consisted of tanks receiving flow-through water from one of two sources: 1) well water pumped from a sea-water aquifer (Well treatment), and 2) pond water pumped from an intensive shrimp pond (Pond treatment). Shrimp mid- and hindguts were excised on days 1, 3, 6, and 10 for enumeration of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria by quantifying colony-forming units (CFU) using standard microbiological plating techniques. Identification of bacterial isolates was made using the Biologa® GN Microplate system. Bacterial numbers were significantly greater (P 〉 0.05) in Well shrimp than in Pond shrimp on days 1 and 3. Following day 3, a decrease in bacterial numbers occurred in the Well shrimp, and no significant differences between treatments were observed on days 6 or 10. Guts from Well shrimp were dominated by Vibrio and Aero-monas, and these two genera accounted for 80–851 of the bacteria on each sampling day. Guts from Pond shrimp exhibited a greater bacterial diversity and were dominated by Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas. Flavobacterium were identified in the guts of Pond shrimp on days 3 and 10, but were not identified in any of the Well shrimp. A greater understanding of gut bacteria-shrimp interactions could lead to increased production and profitability for shrimp farmers through the development of more cost-effective feeds and novel disease control strategies.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2000.tb00361.x

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