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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sixteen B-lymphoblastoid cell mutants were derived from an HLA-DR/DQ hemizygous progenitor, designated 8.1.6, by several replicate immunoselection experiments using a DR3-specific monoclonal antibody, 16.23 (Fig. la, and refs 2, 8). The phenotype of these mutants has been described2. Their key ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Abbreviations. X‐gluc, 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indolylglucuronide; GUS, β‐glucuronidase; CaMV, cauliflower mosaic virus; PEG, polyethylene glycol; AZC, 5‐azacytidine; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate; UV, ultraviolet; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetra‐acetic acid disodium salt; SSPE, salt‐sodium‐phosphate‐EDTA; SSC, standard saline citrate; hpt, hygromycin phosphotransferase.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary. By screening cell colonies derived from protoplasts of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), transformed with a rice actin‐1‐promoter‐β‐glucuronidase gene construct, several β‐glucuronidase positive callus clones were obtained. Two callus clones with different GUS expression were derived from these. One was light blue after X‐gluc staining, and expression of the β‐glucuronidase gene was stable over repeated subculture, while another stained intensely blue, and expression of the β‐glucuronidase gene was unstable. Southern blot analysis showed that only one copy of the β‐glucuronidase gene was integrated into the genome, and that these two clones appeared to have the same integration pattern. Treatment with 5‐azacytidine maintained GUS expression in the unstable line but had no effect on reactivating expression of the GUS gene after expression had been lost. Following the screening procedure the callus clones would only regenerate albino plants.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary By screening cell colonies derived from protoplasts of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), transformed with a rice actin-1-promoter-ß-glucuronidase gene construct, several ß-glucuronidase positive callus clones were obtained. Two callus clones with different GUS expression were derived from these. One was light blue after X-gluc staining, and expression of the ß-glucuronidase gene was stable over repeated subculture, while another stained intensely blue, and expression of the ß-glucuronidase gene was unstable. Southern blot analysis showed that only one copy of the ß-glucuronidase gene was integrated into the genome, and that these two clones appeared to have the same integration pattern. Treatment with 5-azacytidine maintained GUS expression in the unstable line but had no effect on reactivating expression of the GUS gene after expression had been lost. Following the screening procedure the callus clones would only regenerate albino plants.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: tannins ; Antirrhinum ; dihydroflavonol reductase ; Lotus ; legume ; transgenic ; metabolic manipulation ; co-sense suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) are an important factor in the nutritive and dietary quality of many forage crops. We report here experiments aimed at altering the levels and monomer composition of condensed tannins (CTs) in ‘hairy root’ cultures of Lotus corniculatus (bird's foot trefoil) using genetic manipulation. An Antirrhinum majus dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) cDNA was expressed in sense in L. corniculatus and CT levels in transgenic root cultures were analysed. Two co-transformed lines were noted with decreased CT content relative to controls and these levels were comparable with antisense-DFR phenotypes. In ADFR10, a co-transformed line with the highest CT levels, CT structure was altered in a manner consistent with the substrate specificity of the introduced gene; that is an increase in pro-pelargonidin monomers noted after hydrolysis of CTs. RT-PCR confirmed the expression of endogenous DFR gene(s) in both putatively co-suppressed lines and also in ADFR10. Analysis of selected root culture lines indicated that the monomer composition of CTs did not change during growth and development but that levels of CTs varied in a regulated manner.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 3 (1982), S. 227-240 
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: ageing ; chloroplast stability ; fatty acid inhibition ; oxygen toxicity ; photoinhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The stability and stabilization of the electron transport system of chloroplast membranes under physiological conditions of temperature and illumination were studied in relation to two separate and often competing mechanisms of decay. Photochemical inactivation (photoinhibition) of the electron transport system of ageing spinach chloroplasts was not normally found to limit stability even at saturating light intensities. Only when the membranes were protected from dark (fatty acid) inhibition did photoinhibition limit stability. Electron transport could be partially protected from dark inhibition by the addition of high concentrations of recrystallized (i.e. fatty acid free) bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, polyethyleneimine cellulose, Biomesh SM2 beads or with Ficoll 400. Some improvement in stability was achieved with N,N, dimethylphenethylamine but other esterase and phospholipase inhibitors were ineffective in preventing thermal inactivation. Photoinhibition was apparently delayed by phenazine methosulphate under certain conditions but was unaffected either by artificial scavengers of reactive oxygen species (butylated hydroxytoluene), and 1,4-diazobycyclo (2, 2, 2 octane) or by natural scavengers which constitute part of the in vivo protective mechanism (α-tocopherol, β-carotene, SOD, catalase and glutathione) or by anaerobic incubation. Photoinhibition may therefore be by a separate mechanism which does not initially involve free radical damage.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; differentiation ; polyphenolics ; proanthocyanidin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study concerns the effects of four different classes of plant growth regulators on root morphology, patterns of growth and condensed tannin accumulation in transgenic root cultures of Lotus corniculatus L. (Bird's-foot trefoil). Growth of transformed roots in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) resulted in decreased tannin levels relative to controls at concentrations of 10-6 M and above, while gibberellic acid (GA3) inhibited tannin accumulation at concentrations of 10-7 M and above. Benzyladenine (BA) had little effect at low concentrations (10-7 M and below) but resulted in an increase in tannin levels at 10-6 M. Abscisic acid had little effect on levels of condensed tannins at any of the concentrations used. Experiments involving growth regulator addition and medium transfer demonstrated that 2,4-D inhibition of tannin accumulation could be reversed by GA3 and BA, while GA3 downregulation could only be reversed by the addition of 2,4-D. Although 2,4-D inhibited tannin accumulation, addition of 2,4-D to root cultures grown for 14 or 28 days in the absence of plant growth regulators stimulated both growth and tannin biosynthesis. Characteristic alterations in root morphologies accompanied growth regulator-mediated modulation of tannin biosynthesis. Growth in 2,4-D resulted in partially de-differentiated root cultures while growth in GA3 produced roots with an elongated phenotype. Restoration of tannin biosynthesis in 2,4-D-treated roots was accompanied by root re-differentiation and the production of new lateral roots.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 58 (1999), S. 149-154 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Festuca arundinacea ; herbicide resistance ; phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene ; transgene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One hundred and seventeen green tall fescue plants and 37 albino plants were regenerated from a glufosinate ammonium resistant callus clone co-transformed with the bar gene and the gusgene, both driven by the rice actin 1 promoter. The gus gene was not detectable in regenerated plants but the presence of the bar gene in these plants was detected by the polymerase chain reaction and integration of the bar gene into the genome by Southern blot hybridization. A high and stable expression of the bar gene was evident from the assay for phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase activity and from spraying plants with glufosinate ammonium herbicide. There was no detectable variation with respect to the level of bar gene expression among these plants. However, no inheritance of the bar gene was found in two populations of outcrossed progenies.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 1 (1981), S. 15-24 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: single cell suspensions ; immobilized plant cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fine, almost single cell, suspensions were produced from both existing suspension cultures containing large cell clumps and from chopped callus pieces by immobilizing the cells in 4–5 mm diameter calcium alginate beads. The immobilized cells continued to divide inside the beads and at the bead surface, and after 2–3 weeks' culture, fine cell suspensions were formed as a result of loss of the surface cells into the medium. After removal of the cell suspensions by filtration, subsequent culture of the beads in fresh medium resulted in the further production of homogeneous cell suspensions after 1–2 weeks. In this way an almost continuous supply of fine cell suspensions could be obtained from cultures containing large clumps of cells. The cells produced by this method remained in this state for at least one culture period, although in some instances repeated subculture resulted in an increase in the size of cell groups. The technique has been successfully applied to the production of fine cell suspensions ofCatharanthus roseus, Nicotiana tabacum andDaucus carota.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2008-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8561
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5118
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2008-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8561
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5118
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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