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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 15 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Observations were made on the development of new tubers from sprouts of isolated tubers of Cyperus rotundus grown in the dark. The metabolic events occurred primarily in the sprout itself, though the physiological state of the parent tuber affected the phenomenon. A seasonal variation in the behaviour of the sprouts was observed; maximum tuber formation was found in autumn and winter and minimum in spring and summer. The initiation of new tubers was independent of the sprout length and seemed rather to be dependent on its age. The physiological slate that enabled the sprouts to form tubers alternated with periods in which this condition was lost. Production de tubercules par le cyperus (Cyperus rotundus L.) à l'obscurité Des observations ont été faites sur le développement de nouveaux tubercules à partir de pousses de tubercules isolés de Cyperus rotundus croissant à robscurité. Les transformations métaboliques apparurent dans la pousse elle-même, bien que le phénomène fut affecté par l'état du tubercule parental. Une variation saisonniére fut observée dans le comportement des pousses: la formation maximale des tubercules fut constatée en automne et en hiver, la formation minimale au printemps et en été. L'initiation d e nouveaux tubercules fut indéependante de la longueur de la pousse et sembla plutøt dépendre de son âge. L'état physiologique, qui permet aux pousses de former des tubercules, alterna avec des péeriodes an cours desquelles cette faculté fut perdue. Knollenbildung bei Cyperus rotundus L. in Dunkelheit Es wurde die Entwicklung neuer Knollen aus den Sprossen von isolierten Knollen von Cyperus rotundus beobachtet, die bei Dunkelheit gewachsen waren. Die Stoffwechselprozesse verliefen hauptsächlich im Spross selbst, sie wurden aber vom physiologischen Zustand der Mutterknolle beeinflusst. Das Verhalten der Sprosse war von der Jahreszeit abhängig: die meisten Knollen wurden im Herbst und Winter, die wenigsten im Frühjahr und Sommer gebildet. Die Bildung neuer Knollen war von der Sprosslänge unabhängig und schien eher VOM Alter der Sprosse, abhängig zu sein. Der physiologische Zustand der Sprosse der sie zur Knollenbildung befähigte wechselte mit Perioden ab in denen keine Knollenbildung auftrat.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The tropic response of Lotus tenuis shoots under conditions of full sunlight (FS) or artificial shade (AS) has been studied in relation to their endogenous levels of gibberellins (GAs) and sucrose. Single-node explants with one axillary branch each were incubated in darkness with different concentrations of sucrose, GA3, B9 or their combinations, or whole plants were treated with FS, AS, AS + uniconazole, or AS + cimectacarb. High sucrose concentration supplied via xylem turned the axillary branch growth diagravitropic. GA3 reversed the effect of sucrose, both in shoot sections and whole plants, turning the axillary branch growth ortotropic and diminishing the sucrose levels at the shoot bases. High irradiance induced a prostrate growth of the shoots. Artificial shade increased both internode and branch length and induced an upward curvature of the shoots. This was correlated with a lower sucrose concentration and increased content of GA1 and GA3. Cimectacarb and uniconazole reversed the AS effects, although the sucrose content in the shoots remained low. These results are direct evidence that gravitropism of L. tenuis shoots under different light intensities, but of similar light quality, is controlled by the levels of GA1 and GA3 and sucrose.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The main objective of the present work was to examine the effects of the red:far-red ratio (R:FR) prevailing during leaf development on the photosynthetic capacity of mature leaves. Plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Balin de Albenga were grown from time of emergence in a controlled environment room, 25 ± 3°C, 12-h photoperiod, with different light treatments:a) high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) = 800 μmol m−1 s−1+ high R:FR= 1.3;b) low PPFD= 300 μmol m−2 s−1+ high R:FR= 1.3; c) high PPFD=800 μmol m−2 s−1+ low R:FR= 0.7; d) low PPFD= 300 μmol m−2s−1+ low R:FR=0.7. With an R:FR ratio of 1.3, a decrease in irradiance during leaf growth reduced photosynthesis when measured at moderate to high PPFD; but when measured at low PPFD, leaves expanded under low irradiance actually had photosynthesis rates higher than those of leaves grown in high irradiance. A low R:FR ratio during development reduced the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves. In leaves expanded under R:FR = 0.7 and high irradiance photosynthesis was reduced by 42 to 89%, depending on the PPFD at which measurements were made, whereas for leaves developed at R:FR = 0.7 and low irradiance photosynthesis decreased by 21 to 24%, compared to leaves under R:FR = 1.3 and similar irradiance. The reduced photosynthetic capacity under R:FR = 0.7 and high irradiance. In natural environments, leaves may experience low R:FR conditions temporarily during their development, and this may affect their future photosynthetic capacity in full sunlight.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 6 (1963), S. 223-226 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a recherché l'influence d'une incubation prolongée du tubercule-mère sur l'initiation des tubercules, les plantes poussant dans des conditions non inductives. A partir de 14 semaines après le commencement de l'incubation (8 semaines à partir de la germination), des séries de 30 fragments de tubercules de la variétéKennebec étaient prélevés à cinq intervalles de 30 jours et plantés en pots contenant un mélange en parties égales de sol et de vermiculite. Les plantes poussaient dans des chambres conditionnées sous lumière artificielle à 24 C▴ 1, une moitié des plantes recevant 8 heures et l'autre 16 heures de lumière. Sous des conditions de jours courts, les plantes des cinq traitements tubérisaient. Sous des conditions de jours longs, les plantes des trois premiers traitements ne tubérisaient pas, et celles des deux traitements restants mourraient. La conclusion est que si l'on plante des tubercules de pomme de terre dans un stade avancé d'incubation, la période entre la plantation et la tubérisation décroit progressivement; de même la hauteur des tiges décroit progressivement sous des conditions de jours longs. Les tubercules qui n'ont pas atteint un stade déterminé d'incubation ne tubérisent pas sous des conditions non induetives (ler, 2e et 3e plantations sous jours longs). Ceux qui ont passé ce seuil (4e et 5e plantations) tubérisent.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluss einer verlängerten Inkubation der Mutterknolle auf den Beginn der Knollenbildung bei Pflanzen, die unter nicht induzierenden Bedingungen gewachsen waren, wurde untersucht. Von 14 Wochen nach Beginn der Inkubation (8 Wochen nach dem Keimen) an wurden in 5 Zeitabständen von je 30 Tagen Muster von 30 Knollenstücken der SorteKemebec entnommen. Sie wurden in Töpfe mit einer Mischung von gleichen Teilen Erde und Vermiculit ausgepflanzt. Die Pflanzen wurden in Klimakammern unter künstlichem Licht bei 24 C · 1 gehalten bei einer Belichtungsdauer von 8 Stunden für die eine Hälfte und 16 Stunden für die andere Hälfte der Pflanzen. Die Pflanzen aller fünf Verfahren bildeten unter Kurztag-Bedingungen Knollen. Unter Langtag-Bedingungen entwickelten die Pflanzen der ersten drei Verfahren keine Knollen, wohl aber jene der verbleibenden zwei Verfhren (tabelle). Daraus schloss man, dass die Zeitspanne zwischen dem Auspflanzen und der Knollenbildung allmählich kürzer wird, wenn die Kartoffelknollen in einem fortgeschrittenen Stadium der Inkubation gepflanzt werden; auch die Höhe der Pflanzen nimmt unter Langtag-Bedingungen ständig ab. Knollen, die nicht ein bestimmtes Inkubationsstadium erreicht haben, bilden unter nicht induzierenden Bedingungen (1., 2. und 3. Pflanztermin unter Langtag) keine Knollen. Jene, die diese kritische Schwelle überschritten haben (4. und 5. Pflanztermin), erzeugen Knollen.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; water stress ; ethylene ; antioxidant enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In this work it has been found that ethylene production increased only slightly under conditions of a moderate or severe water stress. However, the rehydration of the plants at full turgor after desiccation caused a high emission of ethylene. The desiccation would not irreversibly inactivate the enzymes of the ethylene pathway, since rehydration made the synthesis recommence almost immediately. Water deficit also increased the free radical levels and the antioxidant scavengers, such as superoxide dismutase. Free radicals promote the conversion of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid to ethylene, then it is logical to think that both chemical species are involved in the phenomenon of the acceleration of the grain maturity before the plant collapses.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 15 (1994), S. 107-112 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: aminoethoxyvinylglycine ; ear senescence ; ethephon ; ethylene ; grain maturation ; silver thiosulfate ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This work was aimed at testing the involvement of ethylene in the maturation of grain and senescence of the foliar structures of the wheat inflorescence. Whole wheat ears emitted ethylene to the atmosphere. From pre-anthesis, ethylene emission progressively increased from 0.76 nl g−1FW h−1 to a peak 1.53 nl g−1FW h−1 at the hard dough stage of the grains, to fall to a minimum of 0.10 nl g−1FW h−1 at the dormant seed stage. Ethephon increased the ethylene release, hastened the process of grain maturation and senescence of the ears. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine and silver thiosulfate produced the opposite effects. It is concluded that ethylene plays a role in grain maturation and in the senescence of the green bracts of the inflorescence.
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